牛津8B Unit1 Past and Present Grammar(B) 課件

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1、8BUnit 1 Past and PresentGrammar(B)Learning aims 1.能夠在語境中正確運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。能夠在語境中正確運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。2.運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)談?wù)摪l(fā)生在過去并與現(xiàn)運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)談?wù)摪l(fā)生在過去并與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的事情。在有聯(lián)系的事情。3.理解并運(yùn)用常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間理解并運(yùn)用常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間表達(dá)方式。表達(dá)方式。Did it.?Has it.?Did they.?Have they.?Did they.?Have they.?Did he.?Has he.?Did she.?Has she.?Has it.?Did it.?她以前曾去過上海。她以

2、前曾去過上海。She has been to Shanghai before.他在上海他在上海1010年了。年了。She has been in Shanghai for ten years 他去上海了。他去上海了。He has gone to Shanghai.他已學(xué)英語五年了。他已學(xué)英語五年了。He has studied English for five years.Have a try!現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語時(shí)間狀語常與連用，如:already,already,never,ever,just,yet,before,up to never,ever,just,yet,befor

3、e,up to now,so far,for the last few weeksnow,so far,for the last few weeks等,表示“”所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.還可以和(到說話時(shí)仍未結(jié)束)的,表示連用，如:now,now,today,this morning(afternoon,today,this morning(afternoon,evening,week,month,year),these evening,week,month,year),these days,since,for a long time days,since,for a long time等.上一頁下一頁現(xiàn)

4、在完成時(shí)的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法一一.表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始并一直延表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或事情續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或事情,但動(dòng)作或事但動(dòng)作或事情現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束。情現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束。上一頁下一頁Someone has just turned off the light.Someone has just turned off the light.(有人剛把燈關(guān)了。有人剛把燈關(guān)了。)I have already finished my I have already finished my homework.homework.(我已我已經(jīng)經(jīng)完成了家庭作完成了家庭作業(yè)業(yè)。)二二.表示從

5、過去某一時(shí)刻開始并一直延表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始并一直延 續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或事情續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或事情,但動(dòng)作或事情可能仍在但動(dòng)作或事情可能仍在繼續(xù)。繼續(xù)。上一頁下一頁 I want to see how much the place has I want to see how much the place has changed since changed since I saw it last.I saw it last.我想看看從上次見到那地方以來它發(fā)生了多大我想看看從上次見到那地方以來它發(fā)生了多大變化。變化。I have learnt English for more than I have

6、 learnt English for more than ten years.ten years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語。多年的英語?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法三.表示人曾有過或到目前為止從未有過的經(jīng)歷.上一頁下一頁Have you ever been to the Summer Palace?Have you ever been to the Summer Palace?(你曾去過頤和園嗎你曾去過頤和園嗎?)I have never had a car.I have never had a car.(我從未有過汽車。我從未有過汽車。)四四.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還常與句型現(xiàn)在

7、完成時(shí)還常與句型 This is the first This is the first timetime，Its the first time Its the first time 連用。連用。上一頁下一頁This is the first time he has driven This is the first time he has driven a car.a car.這是他第一次開車。這是他第一次開車。五.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和最高級(jí)連用表示到現(xiàn)在為止是最的。上一頁下一頁What a boring filmWhat a boring film！一部多么令人厭煩的電影??！一部多么令人厭煩的電影啊

8、！Its the most boring film Ive ever Its the most boring film Ive ever seen.seen.這是我看過的最令人厭煩的電影。這是我看過的最令人厭煩的電影。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)檢查知識(shí)點(diǎn)檢查1.He_（write）the sentence yet.2._you_(修理)your bike yet?3.Computers_(come)into use _(近來).4._you_ _ _(看展覽)recently?No.Is it about changes in Beijing over the past_(世紀(jì))?5.He

9、_ _ _ _(忘記標(biāo)題),hasnt he?上一頁下一頁has writtenHaverepairedhave comerecentlyHaveseen any exhibitionscentury has forgotten the title一、一、sincesince短語或從句表示過去的動(dòng)短語或從句表示過去的動(dòng) 作延續(xù)至今，作延續(xù)至今，sincesince之后的時(shí)間為一點(diǎn)之后的時(shí)間為一點(diǎn)。Mr.Smith has worked here since 1984.Mr.Smith has worked here since 1984.（1984年以來，史密斯先生一直在這工作。）年以來，史密

10、斯先生一直在這工作。）Hes learned about 5,000 English words Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college.since he went to college.（他上大學(xué)以來大約學(xué)了五千個(gè)英語單詞。）（他上大學(xué)以來大約學(xué)了五千個(gè)英語單詞。）上一頁下一頁二二、forfor短語表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)多長時(shí)短語表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)多長時(shí) 間，間，forfor的賓語為時(shí)間段。的賓語為時(shí)間段。1.1.We have known each other for We have known each other f

11、or twenty years.twenty years.（我們認(rèn)識(shí)有二十年（我們認(rèn)識(shí)有二十年 了。）了。）2.I havent seen her for a long time.2.I havent seen her for a long time.（我好久沒有見到她了。）（我好久沒有見到她了。）上一頁下一頁選用選用 forfor和和 sincesince填空填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Pa

12、rty _ 10 years 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several 5.His grandparents have

13、 been dead _ several years.years.6.Its five years _ we met last time.6.Its five years _ we met last time.forforsincesinceforforsincesinceforforsincesince下一頁上一頁 for后面應(yīng)該接后面應(yīng)該接“段時(shí)間”；since后面應(yīng)該接后面應(yīng)該接“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”或者或者“句子”。關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：1since for 主句都用主句都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主句動(dòng)詞為，主句動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性延續(xù)性.2 since引導(dǎo)的從句通常采用引導(dǎo)的從句通常采用“一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)”jus

14、t,recentlyjust,recently是完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語，是完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語，just now just now 有有a moment ago a moment ago 之意，是之意，是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語。一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語。The train has just arrived.The train has just arrived.（火車剛到。）（火車剛到。）Did you see Joan just now?Did you see Joan just now?（你剛才看到瓊了嗎？）（你剛才看到瓊了嗎？）Have you heard from your family Have yo

15、u heard from your family lately/recently?lately/recently?（你最近收到家人的來信了嗎？）（你最近收到家人的來信了嗎？）上一頁下一頁1.I1.I_(lose)my pen just now._(lose)my pen just now.I I_ just _(lose)my pen ._ just _(lose)my pen .（我剛才丟了鋼筆）（我剛才丟了鋼筆）2.She_ just _(buy)a book.2.She_ just _(buy)a book.She_(buy)a book just now.She_(buy)a book

16、 just now.（她剛才買了本書）（她剛才買了本書）上一頁下一頁losthavelosthasboughtbought七、七、everever和和nevernever也是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常也是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見的時(shí)間狀語。前者意思是見的時(shí)間狀語。前者意思是“曾曾經(jīng)經(jīng)”，多見于疑問句或否定句中；，多見于疑問句或否定句中；后者意思是后者意思是“從來沒有從來沒有”，表示全，表示全部否定。部否定。“Have you ever seen the film?”Have you ever seen the film?”“No.I have never seen it.”“No.I have never seen

17、it.”（“你曾經(jīng)看過這部影片嗎？你曾經(jīng)看過這部影片嗎？”“沒有，沒有，從來沒看從來沒看過。過?！保㎞obody in our class has ever Nobody in our class has ever been there.been there.（我們班沒有人去過那。）（我們班沒有人去過那。）上一頁下一頁八、八、alreadyalready和和yetyet常見于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，有中，有“已經(jīng)已經(jīng)”之意。前者一般用之意。前者一般用在肯定句中，后者用在疑問句中。在肯定句中，后者用在疑問句中。yetyet在否定句中有在否定句中有“還還”之意。之意。“Has the bus

18、 left yet”?Has the bus left yet”?“Yes.It has already left.”“Yes.It has already left.”“No.It hasnt left yet.“No.It hasnt left yet.“汽車開走了嗎？汽車開走了嗎？”“是的，已經(jīng)開走了。是的，已經(jīng)開走了?！薄安?，還沒有開走。不，還沒有開走?！鄙弦豁撓乱豁?“already”用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句中用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句中,“yet”用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句和疑問句中用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句和疑問句中.用用“already”“yet”填空填空 He has()visited m

19、any places in He has()visited many places in China.()China.()注意注意 already 在句中的兩種位置在句中的兩種位置.The train hasnt arrived .The train hasnt arrived .火車（到現(xiàn)在）火車（到現(xiàn)在）還沒有到。還沒有到。Has she arrived?Has she arrived?她她已已經(jīng)經(jīng)到了到了嗎嗎？Hasnt he come?Hasnt he come?她還沒來嗎她還沒來嗎？alreadyalreadyyet yet yetComplete their conversatio

20、n using the present perfect tense of the verbs in brackets with the correct time expressions.Simon:Have you_(travel)by plane?Daniel:No,I_(not travel)by plane_,but Ill fly to Sanya this summer.My parents and I will stay there for a whole week to enjoy the sun and the beach.Simon:Im sure youll enjoy t

21、he trip.By the way,did you know that my family_(own)a boat_ 1920?ever travelledhavent travelledyethas ownedsinceDaniel:I cant believe your family_(own)a boat _ over 80 years!Simon:In fact,you _(see)it in the sitting room.Daniel:Oh,yes,but thats not a real boat.Its only a model!Simon:I know,but it lo

22、oks like a real one.Its just smaller.Daniel:I must say that its the best model I_(see).Simon:Thank you,Daniel.has ownedforhave already seenhave ever seen in the past few years in the past few years 意思是意思是“過去過去幾年來幾年來”，可作現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間，可作現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語；狀語；in the pastin the past意思是意思是“在過去在過去”，常作一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語。常作一般過去

23、時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語。Great changes have taken place Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few in my hometown in the past few years.years.（過去幾年來，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。）過去幾年來，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。）Where did you work in the past?Where did you work in the past?（你過去在哪里工作？）（你過去在哪里工作？）上一頁下一頁 before before泛指泛指“以前以前”時(shí)，

24、可用于現(xiàn)時(shí)，可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中；在完成時(shí)中；agoago表示表示“現(xiàn)在的一段現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間以前時(shí)間以前”，是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間，是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語。狀語。Ive never been to Japan before.Ive never been to Japan before.（我以前沒去過日本。）（我以前沒去過日本。）She went to Japan a year ago.She went to Japan a year ago.（她一年前去了日本。）（她一年前去了日本。）上一頁下一頁 even since even since、thenthen與與from then on(after

25、from then on(after that)that)都有都有“打那以后打那以后”之意，前者是完之意，前者是完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語，后者常用作一般過去成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語，后者常用作一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語。時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語。Shes lived here ever since then.Shes lived here ever since then.（打打那以后，她一直住在這。）那以后，她一直住在這。）I didnt hear of Jim from then on/after I didnt hear of Jim from then on/after that.that.（打那以后，我就沒有吉姆的消息。

26、）打那以后，我就沒有吉姆的消息。）上一頁下一頁動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞詞 填填 空：空：1._ you _(clean)the room?1._ you _(clean)the room?Yes,we _(do)that already.Yes,we _(do)that already.When _ you _(do)it?When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it an hour ago.We _(do)it an hour ago.2._ he _(see)this film yet?Yes.2._ he _(see)this film yet?Yes.When _ he _(see)it

27、?When _ he _(see)it?He _ it last week.He _ it last week.3.How many times _you_(be)there?3.How many times _you_(be)there?HaveHavecleanedcleanedhave donehave donediddiddododiddidHasHasseenseendiddidseeseesawsawhavehavebeenbeen下一頁上一頁4.I _(read)the novel twice.Its interesting.4.I _(read)the novel twice.

28、Its interesting.5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.How _ she _(go)there?How _ she _(go)there?She _(go)there by air.She _(go)there by air.6.So far,many countries _(develop)6.So far,many countries _(develop)their software programs.their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(gi

29、ve)up smoking last year.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr chen8.Mr chen _(give)up smoking since last year._(give)up smoking since last year.have readhave readhas gonehas gonediddidgogowentwenthave developedhave developedgavegavehas givenhas given下一頁上一頁interview 采訪采訪 1.the changes to our school 2.the changes to your family 3.the changes in your study any topic you want to talk about 、了解一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)最基本的區(qū)別是一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重動(dòng)作的結(jié)果 2、牢記現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與表示過去的時(shí)間連用，包括疑問詞when3、知道現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的兩種特點(diǎn)（1）：過去對(duì)對(duì)現(xiàn)在（瞬間性動(dòng)詞）（2）：過去到到現(xiàn)在（延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）