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1、Unit 1How can we become good learners?第1課時(shí)(Section A 1a3b)單 詞1aloud點(diǎn)撥辨析aloud 做副詞,意為“出聲地;大聲地”。aloud,loud 與 loudly(1)aloud 強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)出的聲音能被聽見。作“出聲地”解釋時(shí),主要與 read,think 等連用;作“大聲地”解釋時(shí),主要與 call,shout,cry 等連用。如:The boy is crying aloud.那個(gè)男孩哭得很厲害。(2)loud 既做形容詞,意為“大聲的;響亮的”;還可做副詞,主要指說話聲和笑聲等,常用比較級(jí)形式,側(cè)重發(fā)出的音量大,傳得遠(yuǎn),一般多用來
2、修飾 speak,talk,laugh 等動(dòng)詞。如:The children made a loud noise downstairs.孩子們?cè)跇窍麓舐曅鷩W。Try to sing louder.試著再大點(diǎn)兒聲唱。(3)loudly 是副詞,意為“響亮地”,其基本意義與 loud 相同,還常與 ring,knock 等動(dòng)詞連用。loudly 放在動(dòng)詞前后均可,可指人聲、敲門聲或其他各種聲音,強(qiáng)調(diào)聲音音調(diào)高,含有“喧鬧、嘈雜”的意味。如:Dont talk so loudly.別這么高聲說話。2finish點(diǎn)撥finish 意為“完成”,其后如果接動(dòng)詞,要用動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)名詞形式。finish 既可用
3、作及物動(dòng)詞又可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如:He has finished his work.他把工作做完了。She didnt finish in time.她沒有及時(shí)完成。辨析finish 與 complete(1)兩者都可表示“完成”,有時(shí)可作為同義詞通用。如:The writer has completed/finished his novel.這個(gè)作家已寫完了他的小說。(2)complete 除表示一般性的“完成”外,還強(qiáng)調(diào)一切完備,沒有欠缺的地方,尤其指通過填補(bǔ)失掉或缺陷的部分來配齊或完成(此時(shí)不能用 finish 代之)。如:I need one more stamp before my
4、collection is completed.我再需一張郵票就可以把我的郵票配齊了。(3)finish 用于下列場(chǎng)合時(shí),一般不用 complete 代替:后接動(dòng)名詞,表示“結(jié)束”或“做完某事”時(shí),如:Ill finish working at five,and get home by seven oclock.我將在五點(diǎn)下班,七點(diǎn)鐘回到家。用作不及物動(dòng)詞,表示“結(jié)束”或“完成”時(shí),如:The novel took a year to write altogether,from start to finish.這篇小說從動(dòng)筆到定稿,前后用了一年時(shí)間。用過去分詞做表語,表示“準(zhǔn)備好了”“做完了”
5、時(shí),如:At last she is finished,too.最后她也做完了。表示消極性的完成時(shí),如:finish a meal 吃完飯(比較 complete a meal 做好一頓飯)finish a book 讀完一本書(比較 complete a book 寫完一本書)3afraid點(diǎn)撥afraid 是一個(gè)形容詞,意為“害怕的”,其還有“擔(dān)心的;恐怕”之意。鏈接(1)be afraid of doing sth.擔(dān)心會(huì)發(fā)生某事或某情況(但實(shí)際上未必會(huì)發(fā)生)。如:She was afraid of waking her husband.她怕吵醒她丈夫。(2)be afraid to d
6、o sth.害怕做某事或不敢做某事。如:He was afraid to fly in a plane.他不敢坐飛機(jī)。(3)“be afraid(that)從句”意為“恐怕”,是一種提出異議,說出不快事實(shí)的委婉說法。如:Im afraid(that)he wont come.恐怕他不會(huì)來了。(4)be afraid of sb./sth.意為“害怕某人或物”,常指主語長期具有的心理狀態(tài)。如:She is afraid of dogs.她害怕狗。短 語so that點(diǎn)撥so that 表示“以便;為了”,引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。如:They then go into our notes so that we can use them again.它們被我們記錄入筆記之中,以便我們能再次用到。辨析so that;so.that.與 too.to.so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句,從句中可使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞;而 so.that.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,從句中一般不用 can 和 may等詞;too.to.結(jié)構(gòu)的基本形式為“too形容詞或副詞to動(dòng)詞原形”,其意為“太以至于不能”。如:He is so honest that he will not accept bribe.他忠誠老實(shí),不肯受賄。He is too shy to speak to her.他太害羞以至于不能跟她說話。