人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修四 Unit1語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)——主謂一致講解和同步練習(xí)
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)主謂一致知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解與同步練習(xí)概念:主謂一致是指主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)在數(shù)上要保持一致。一謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況1動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)、名詞性從句做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如:Buying clothes is often a time-consuming job.To understand the situation completely requires more thought.2表示時(shí)間、距離、金額、重量、面積、體積、容積等度量的名詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 Twoweeks was too long. Ten yuan is enough.十元錢(qián)足夠了。3一般用 and 連接的兩個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù),但是下面用 and 連接的主語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)概念,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù):law and order 法制 soap and water 肥皂水a(chǎn) cup and saucer 茶杯碟子 fork and knife 刀叉the needle and thread 針線 trial and error 反復(fù)嘗試,不斷摸索horse and carriage 馬車(chē) time and tide 歲月bread and butter 奶油面包 the ebb and flow 盛衰,潮漲潮落Bread and butter is our daily food Time and tide waits for no man4. 代詞 each 和由 every, some, no, any 等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ),或主語(yǔ)中含有 each, every, 謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù)。例如:Each of us has a tape-recorder.我們每個(gè)人都有一臺(tái)錄音機(jī)。There is something wrong with my watch.我的表出問(wèn)題了。5. 兩個(gè)用 and 連接的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),且第二個(gè)名詞前無(wú)冠詞,表示“一體”或“一雙”,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 例如:The watch and chain is made of gold.注意:若第二個(gè)單數(shù)名詞前有冠詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用復(fù)數(shù)。 例如:A peot and a writer have come to speak tous.6. 當(dāng)不定代詞 someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, evryone, evrybody, something, anything, nothing, no one,nobody, each, the other, all 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:Someone is waiting for you outside.7. 兩個(gè)用 and 連接而被 each, every 或 no 修飾的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 例如: Nobook and (no) magazine is allowed to be taken away.Each teacher and (each)student wants to see the film.8 .當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為“many a +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。(許多)例如:Many a student has to spend their weekends studying in the classroom.9. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為 “one and a half +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:One and a half bananas is left on the table.10. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為 “more than one+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:More than one example is necessary to make the students understand the rule clearly.11. 形式是復(fù)數(shù),意義是單數(shù)的詞:news, works(工廠)=factory, means, plastics(塑料) ,politics,maths=mathematics 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:The news is very exciting. Politics is a very important subject to us.works(注意:works 有兩層含義:works(著作;作品)=books; a work=a book;工廠)=factory前者作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);后者作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:It is said that Chairman Maos works have been published.That works we visited yesterday is very large.等,謂修12. 主語(yǔ)是一些只用復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞,如 clothes, trousers,shoes,gloves 語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),但當(dāng)這些詞前用 a piece of 飾時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:There is a piece of shoes in the box.13. 四則運(yùn)算中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。例如: Ten and two is twelve. Ten added to two is twelve.14. 國(guó)名、人名、書(shū)名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)等專(zhuān)有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:En gles is Marxs best friend.二 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)情況姓1. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為“the+ 的復(fù)數(shù)形式”時(shí),表示“一家人”或“一對(duì)夫婦”,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:The Smith are our friends.觀2. 集體名詞如:army, class, enemy, family, government, group, public, company, committee,team, audience(眾) 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。若將其作為一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù); 若指其中的成員或個(gè)體,謂語(yǔ)則用復(fù)數(shù)。他家不他的例如: His family isn't very large. 是一個(gè)大家庭。His family are music lovers.家人都是音樂(lè)愛(ài)好者。兵)3. 名詞 people, police, cattle,民milita(,mass(群眾) 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。4連等修例如:Cattle feed on grass.由 and, both and, 接的并列主語(yǔ),和 both ,a few, many ,several飾語(yǔ)后面,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Few people know he and I were classmates when we were at college.5某些形容詞前面加定冠詞表示一類(lèi)人,做主語(yǔ)時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)The rich are not always selfish6不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),其前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)Three million tons of coal were exported that year7. 并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)讀和寫(xiě)例如:Reading and writing are very important.都是非常重要的。三謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)遵循就近原則的情況(also) or1. 由連詞 ei theror; neithernor; whether or; not onlybut等連接的并列主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。to 是blame.例如:Either you or she is 要么go.你走,要么是她走。Neither I nor he is to 我和他都不應(yīng)該受責(zé)備。2. 在倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與后面的第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致There stands a tree on the top of the mountain.Just outside the ruins is a magnificent building surrounded by tall trees.3. 當(dāng) there be 句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。例如:There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.桌上有筆、小刀和幾本書(shū)。4當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有 with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞引起的短語(yǔ) 時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最前面的主語(yǔ)一致。例如:The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.老師和一些學(xué)生在參觀工廠。 He as wellas I wants to go boating.他和我都想去劃船。5. “one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”,從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),當(dāng) one 前加 the only 時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)。例如:Tom is one of th eboys who come to school early.Jack is the only one of the boys who comes on time.6. 特例:A (large)quantity/mass/variety of+可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)形式;(large)quantities/masses/varities of+可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。7. all of, most of, some of, the rest of, half of 及分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)跟名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由 所跟名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如:The rest of the computers are on sale today.The rest of lecture is not intresting.8. a number of 和 the number of 后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),前者的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),后者則用單數(shù)。 例如:Anumber of girls are still I the classroom.The number of people invited was more than eighty.9某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)的數(shù):第一組:a great many + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)a number of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)the majority of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)第二組:the number of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)neither/either of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)one and a half + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)第三組:more than one + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)many a + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)主謂一致專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí):()1. Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now.A. were B. is C. was D. are()2. Two days _enough for me to finish the work. I need a third day.A. isnt B. is C. aret D. are()3. How many lessons do you usually haver a day?Six lessons a day. And each of them _45 minutes.A. last B. lasts C. have D. are()4. Neither Liping nor I _a basketball player.A. am B. is C. be D. are()5. There _ many new words in lesson one. It is very easy.A. is B. arent C. isnt D. are()6. The number of the students in our school _1200.A. is B. are C. has D. have()7. Maths _ my favourite subject.A. be B. is C. am D. are()8. The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the city.A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are asle()9. Every one except Tom and John _there when the meeting began.A. are B. is C. were D. was()10. That place is not interesting at all. _of us wants to go there.A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some()11. Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A. know B. knows C. have know D. is()12. Whats on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it?There _some eggs and cakes on it.A. is B. are C. was D. were()13. This pair of glasses _mine.A. are B. be C. is D. will be()14. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday.A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invirted()15. Two months _quite a long time.Yes, Im afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons.A. is B. are C. was D. were()16. In the city the old _.A. take good care of B. are taken good care ofC. is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of()17. His family _all very kind and friendly, His family _a happy one.A. are,is B. is,is C. are,are D. is,are()18. The singer and the dancer _come to Beijing.A. has B. have C. are D. is()19. The children in this class each _new school bag.A. have B. has C. has got D. are having()20. All but one _ here just now.A. is B. was C. has been D. were()21. You as well as your wifeblame(責(zé)備) for the accident (交通事故).A. are B. is C. have D. has()22. Neither my wife nor Iable to teach my daughter to sing English songs.A. has been B. is C. are D. am()23. Toms teacher and friend _ Mr. Smith.A. has B. are being C. is D. are()24. Many a student _ that mistake before.A. had made B. has been made C. have made D. has made()25. Between the two buildings _ a monument.A. is standing B. standing C. stands D. stand()26. Laying eggs _ the ant queens full-time job.A. have B. has C. are D. is()27. The whole class _ greatly moved at his words yesterday.A. is B. had C. were D. was()28. Deer _ faster than dogs.A. will run B. are running C. runs D. run()29. The police _ a prisoner.A. are searched for B. is searching C. are searching for D. is searching for()30. More than one answer _ to the question so far.A. had given B. were given C. has been given D. have been given參考答案:(1).B (2). A (3). B (4). A (5).B (6).A (7).B (8). C(9). D (10). A (11).B (12).B (13).C (14). D (15).A(16).B (17).A (18).B (19).A (20) D (21). A (22). D(23).C (24).D (25).C (26).D (27) D (28). C (29). C (30). D