高考英語《非謂語動詞(一)》教案

非謂語動詞（一）教案一、教學目的1、非謂語動詞的常用考點； 2、如何解非謂語動詞的題目；3、非謂語動詞的句法功能；4、非謂語動詞的形式。二、教學重難點1、教學重點：非謂語動詞的常用考點；如何解非謂語動詞的題目。2、教學難點：非謂語動詞的常用考點。三、教學過程（一）問題排行榜（Hit the charts）1、非謂語動詞的常用考點均有哪些？ 2、如何解非謂語動詞的題目？3、非謂語動詞各有哪些句法功能？4、非謂語動詞各有哪些形式？（二）攻克難點（Overcome difficulties）1、非謂語動詞各有哪些形式？ 2、非謂語動詞各有哪些句法功能？ 3、非謂語動詞的常用考點均有哪些？動詞不定式一、動詞不定式作主語不定式短語作主語時，如果主語較長，往往在句首用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語(不定式)移到謂語動詞之后，形成“it謂語(作主語的)不定式”構造，以避免頭重腳輕，保持句子構造的平衡。It is my honor _here to spend some time with you.Ato be invited BinvitingCbeing invited Dto invite二、動詞不定式作表語 動詞不定式可作表語，一般闡明或解釋主語的內容，也可表達將來的動作。The purpose of new technology is to make life easier，_it more difficult.Anot making Bnot makeCnot to make Dto not make三、動詞不定式作賓語 英語中有一部分動詞常跟不定式作賓語。常用的此類動詞有：agree批準；fail未能；promise保證；afford承當?shù)闷?；forget忘掉；refuse回絕；happen碰巧；attempt試圖；hesitate躊躇；seek試圖；determine決定；prepare準備；pretend假裝等。There were many talented actors out there just waiting_.Ato discover Bto be discoveredCdiscovered Dbeing discovered四、動詞不定式作賓補1有些動詞(短語)背面常接帶to的不定式作賓語補足語。常用的此類動詞有：advise勸告；force迫使；instruct批示；ask規(guī)定；intend打算要；beg祈求；expect盼望；invite邀請；forbid嚴禁；remind提示；urge鼓勵；order命令；permit容許；teach勸誡；wish但愿；persuade說服。動詞短語有：call on，count on，rely on，depend on，long for，wait for等。We can't count on a man like Jim _us the necessary help.Ato give BgivingCto be given Dgiven2在think，consider，believe，find，feel，know，declare，prove，suppose，imagine等詞背面，常跟“to be形容詞(也可以是名詞或反身代詞)”構造，但在積極語態(tài)中to be?？梢允∪?。We sometimes imagine a desert island _a sort of paradise，where the sun always shines.Abe BbeingC不填 Dis3有些動詞，重要是感官動詞和使役動詞，它們可后接不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語，如：see，notice，observe，feel，hear，have，make，let等，但如果是在被動語態(tài)的句子中，就要用帶to的不定式作主語補足語。My parents have always made me _about myself，even when I was twelve.Afeeling well Bfeeling goodCfeel well Dfeel good五、動詞不定式作定語1不定式用在the first，the second，the last，the only等短語背面作定語。His first book _next month is based on a true story.Apublished Bto be publishedCto publish Dbeing published2不定式常放在某些名詞或代詞背面作定語。不定式作定語與被修飾的中心詞之間常體現(xiàn)為主謂關系或動賓關系。The next train to arrive was from New York.(主謂關系)It was a game to be remembered.(動賓關系)(高考湖南卷)The ability_an idea is as important as the idea itself.Aexpressing BexpressedCto express Dto be expressed六、動詞不定式作狀語1不定式作因素狀語。不定式也可跟在某些形容詞或動詞背面作因素狀語。We were astonished _the temple still in its original condition.Afinding Bto findCfind Dto be found2不定式作目的狀語。不定式作目的狀語既可放在句首也可放在句尾。為了加強語調，也可用“so as to do”或“in order to do”構造作目的狀語。in order to既可放在句首也可放在句尾，so as to較少置于句首。With Father's Day around the corner，I have taken some money out of the bank _presents for my dad.Abuy Bto buyCbuying Dto have bought3不定式作成果狀語。具體形式如下：“tooadj.adv.to do”意為“太而不能”，“adj.adv.enoughto do”意為“足以”，“only/just to do”表達出乎意料的成果。Do you think you are brave enough _bungee jumping?Atrying Bin tryingCto try Dand try七、“疑問詞動詞不定式”構造疑問詞“what/how/when/where/which動詞不定式”構造可作主語、表語、賓語等。As a journalist you should first decide what events _before you make some interviews.Areported Bto reportCto be reported Dreporting動名詞 動名詞重要起名詞的作用，在句中作主語、賓語、表語以及定語，不能作狀語，有多種形式的變化。一、動名詞作主語動名詞可直接放在句首作主語。在某些句子中，常用it作形式主語，而把能用作真正主語的動名詞放在背面。it is后可接no use，no good等名詞，也可接useless，nice等形容詞。In my mind，_that famous university will be the only way to become a world class writer.Aattending BattendedCattend Dhaving attended二、動名詞作賓語1有些動詞(短語)背面規(guī)定跟動名詞作賓語。常用的后跟動名詞作賓語的動詞有：admit承認；excuse原諒；postpone遲延；practice練習；consider考慮；delay耽誤；imagine想像；deny否認；suggest建議；enjoy喜歡；escape逃避；permit容許等。常用的后跟動名詞作賓語的動詞短語有：can't help，feel like，leave off，put off，keep on，give up，look forward to，devote to，get used to，pay attention to，be fond of，be worth等。The man denied _anything in the supermarket when he was questioned by the police.Ato have stolen Bhaving been stealingChaving stolen Dto steal2在have difficulty(trouble，problem，a hard time，fun，a good time)(in)動名詞；be busy(in)動名詞；waste time(in)動名詞；lose time(in)動名詞；there is no point(in)動名詞等構造中，動名詞作介詞in的賓語，in常省去。I had great difficulty _the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.Afind BfoundCto find Dfinding3下列動詞后既可接不定式，也可接動名詞，但含義不同：forget to do sth.forget doing sth.mean to do sth.mean doing sth.Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh，yes. How often I have regretted _his advice!Ato take BtakingCnot to take Dnot taking過去分詞與目前分詞目前分詞在句中可用作表語、定語、狀語等。過去分詞在句中作定語、狀語以及表語，不能作謂語。1分詞作表語 目前分詞作表語常常表達主語所具有的特質或特性，過去分詞作表語多表達主語處在某種狀態(tài)。一般狀況下目前分詞譯為“令人的”，過去分詞譯為“某人感到”。In April，thousands of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.Asticking BstuckCto be stuck Dto have stuck2分詞作定語(1)目前分詞作定語既可放在所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語，也可放在所修飾的詞之后，相稱于一種定語從句。過去分詞作定語時，一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相稱于一種定語從句。I'm calling to enquire about the position _in yesterday's China Daily.Aadvertised Bto be advertisedCadvertising Dhaving advertised(2)分詞作后置定語可分為限制性(緊跟在所修飾的中心詞之后)和非限制性(用逗號將其與所修飾的中心詞分開)兩種，其作用分別相稱于一種限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。So far nobody has claimed the money _in the library.Adiscovered Bto be discoveredCdiscovering Dhaving discovered3分詞作賓語補足語常跟分詞作賓語補足語的動詞有：catch，have，get，keep，hear，find，feel，leave，make，notice，observe，watch等。(高考浙江卷)Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words.Alose BlostCto lose Dhaving lost4分詞作狀語分詞可作時間狀語、因素狀語、隨著狀語以及成果狀語等。The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already _for a meal to be cooked.Alaid BlayingCto lay Dbeing laid考點透析獨立主格構造和with構造在近幾年的高考中均有所體現(xiàn)，重要考察其在句中充當時間、條件或在句尾作方式、隨著狀語，此后的高考中仍會考察此構造。The guests having left，he began to take a short rest.(獨立主格構造表時間) Weather permitting，we'll go sightseeing.(獨立主格構造表條件)All things considered，her paper is of greater value than yours.(獨立主格構造表條件)誤區(qū)警示一種習常用法是：在“名詞/代詞介詞短語”構成的獨立主格構造中，名詞/代詞和介詞背面的名詞沒有任何冠詞或所有格修飾，也不用with引導。Last night I followed him here and climbed in，sword in hand.獨立主格構造也可以由“with名詞/代詞不定式/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語/分詞”構成。With the machine to do all the work，we will finish our task on time. He stared at her，with his mouth open.With his parents away，the boy became naughtier.He stood at the window，with his hands in his pockets.（三）措施列舉（List methods）如何解非謂語動詞的題目？1、鑒定題目與否考察非謂語2、非謂語動詞題目三步走：（1）非謂語所在分句中沒有主語浮現(xiàn)，但是非謂語動作需要有邏輯上的依托，即是邏輯主語。邏輯主語一般是句子主語。（2）考察：非謂語動作與邏輯主語之間的主被動關系。（兩種狀況）（3）考察：非謂語動作與謂語動作之間在時間順序的先后關系。（三種狀況）（四）能力拓展（Develop skills）1. He walked down the hills, _ softly to himself. A. singB. sings C. singingD. was singing2. He walked down the hills, and _ softly to himself. A. singB. sings C. singing D. was singing3. Stop running and you will feel your heart _ faster than ever. A. beat B. beating C. beaten D. was beating4. Having passed all the tests, she felt a great weight _ off her mind. A. taking B. taken C. take D. to be taken（五）小結（六）課后作業(yè)1、復習一遍課堂摘記。2、完畢課堂尚未完畢的練習。3、復習非謂語動詞的常用考點。