語法填空解題技巧思維導(dǎo)圖.doc

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1、語法填空解題技巧近年高考考點(diǎn)總結(jié)：語法填空分“無提示詞”和“有提示詞”兩種題型。1. 無提示詞題， 即沒有提示詞的純空格題 一般是6個(gè)或7個(gè)小題，近年來，只考查了代詞、冠詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞（連詞）和介詞等四類詞；2. 有提示詞題， 即用括號中所給詞的正確形式填空， 一般是4個(gè)或3個(gè)小題，至今只考查了謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞的比較級、詞類轉(zhuǎn)化等四種情況。 解題思維導(dǎo)圖根據(jù)設(shè)題規(guī)律，可將語法填空題的基本思路歸納成下表：1. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換 形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞2. 名詞所有格名詞 1. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換形容詞2. 比較級或最高級, 加前綴變成其反義詞語法填空解題思路 副詞同形容詞有提示詞時(shí)態(tài)，注

2、意?？紩r(shí)態(tài)作謂語 語態(tài)，即被動(dòng)語態(tài) 語氣，即虛擬語氣動(dòng)詞 1. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換 1. to do 表:將來/目的不作謂語 2. V-ing 表:主動(dòng)/進(jìn)行2.非謂語 3. V-ed 表:被動(dòng)/完成 名詞之前,尤其是泛指”一”,或特指某個(gè)人或事物;泛指用a/an,特指用the 冠詞 當(dāng)空格后的名詞在句中不是作主語，表語或動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí)，選填介詞；注意 搭配 常為介詞考查主要內(nèi)容依據(jù)。介詞 空格前后都是句子（一個(gè)主謂就為一個(gè)句子）；前后都是并列單詞或短語1. 單詞/短語+并列連詞+單詞/短語；2. 一個(gè)句子+并連/從連+一個(gè)句子3. 從屬連詞+一個(gè)句子，一個(gè)句子（主句）；連詞無提示詞 人稱代詞、不定代詞、反

3、身代詞 物主代詞：形容詞性物主代詞后必須加名詞; 名詞性物主代詞作主語，賓語，本身就是名詞，后不需再加名詞。 代詞 指代上文事物形式主語形式賓語強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 It的用法 解題技巧 一下列情況很可能填不定冠詞：(1)_+可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù))；(2)_+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù))。下列情況下很可能填定冠詞：(1)_ (+定語)+名詞+ of等介詞短語(表示特指)；(2)_ (+定語)+名詞+定語從句(表示特指)；(3)_ (+定語)+名詞+不定式短語或分詞短語(表示特指)。1. There once were a goat and a donkey. So the farmer killed _ goat

4、and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart. 2. When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was _ shy, nervous perfectionist. 3. the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to small town some 20 kilometers away. 解題技巧 二(1)連接兩個(gè)功能對等的單詞或短語時(shí)，應(yīng)填并

5、列連詞and, or, but等。(2)若兩個(gè)句子(有兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu))之間，沒有句號或分號，也沒有連詞，那空格處必定是填連接詞，否則，句子結(jié)構(gòu)就不完整。根據(jù)兩句之間的意義和邏輯關(guān)系，或者根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)，確定是并列句(多要求考生填and, but, while, when, or等)還是某種主從復(fù)合句。然后根據(jù)各類從句的特點(diǎn)，結(jié)合連接詞的意義和用法，確定填具體的某個(gè)連詞。1. It was not long _ the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table and suddenly was surprised at

6、what she saw. 2. But nothing changed until midterm, _ Mary Anne, a student teacher, was appointed to our classroom. 3. Jane paused in front of a counter _ some attractive ties were on display.4. One day, he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.解題技巧 三在無提示詞題型當(dāng)中，空格所填詞在句

7、子中作主語或賓語時(shí)，通常填代詞，包括人稱代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞性物主代詞、疑問代詞、反身代詞(不能作主語)，it 等。在名詞前作定語就只能用形容詞性物主代詞了。因?yàn)榫渥拥闹髡Z或賓語主要由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或不定式等充當(dāng)，而名詞、動(dòng)名詞或不定式等實(shí)詞通常會(huì)放在有提示詞的空格中考查。1. He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water is awful. Why did you pretend to like _ ?”2. Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how diffic

8、ult _ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.3. I wanted to reward the old man for the trouble that I had caused _ .解題技巧 四在有提示詞題型當(dāng)中，詞性轉(zhuǎn)換解題?？衫靡韵抡Z法小則作為判斷依據(jù)：1. 介詞、冠詞、所有格后接名詞；2. 形容詞修飾名詞；3. 副詞修飾形容詞、動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子。1. “Thirty-five cents,” she said _ (rude). 2. As far as I am concerned, my _ (s

9、uggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English within easy reach. 3. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _ (nature) course. 4. _ (doubt), although there is still room for improvement to this policy, I think it is still a good one which brings more good th

10、an harm to the students and the nation.解題技巧 五在有提示詞題型當(dāng)中，通常，有表示范圍的in /of介詞短語或形容詞前有the時(shí)，一般要用最高級；than的前面一定要用比較級。1. One of the _ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher 2. We were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate in words. When it was tim

11、e to leave, I said “thank you” in Korean, using some of the few words I had learned. I felt _ (lonely) than I had expected that night. 3. Lucille Clifton is an award-winning poet and writer. Critics call her one of the _ (great) writers of our time.解題技巧 六規(guī)律性非謂語動(dòng)詞試題的解題步驟（有提示詞）高考中大部分的非謂語動(dòng)詞試題都屬于規(guī)律性的試題，

12、解答這種類型的題目時(shí)，我們需按照“找邏輯主語、判斷關(guān)系、判斷形式”三個(gè)步驟來解題，即“第一，找非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語；第二，判斷邏輯主語與非謂語動(dòng)詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系，主動(dòng)？被動(dòng)？還是表示目的或者將來？ 第三，判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式?！弊⒁猓涸谡Z法填空中，首先要判斷所給提示詞在句中到底是做謂語還是非謂語。判定用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式的根本依據(jù)就是“句中已有謂語”，即，句子不缺謂語的情況下，所給提示詞才能考慮用其非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。一、非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語的題型：1. _ (see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea o

13、f trees.2. It rained heavily in the south, _ (cause) serious flooding in several provinces.3. _ (complete) the project in time, the staff were working at weekends. 解題思路：1. 從句中“is”可判定句中已有謂語了，表明句子不缺謂語，那也就表明所給提示詞“see”在句中應(yīng)該是不作謂語的動(dòng)詞形式，即非謂語動(dòng)詞形式；此時(shí)就可以利用三步驟來分析決定用哪一種非謂語形式了：第一、“see”的邏輯主語就是句子的主語“the south foot

14、 of the mountain”；第二、“the south foot of the mountain”和“see”之間是“被看的”被動(dòng)關(guān)系；第三、動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此第1題應(yīng)填“seen”，作方式狀語。2. 從句中“rained”可判定句子已有謂語了，說明所給提示詞“cause”在句中作非謂語，“cause”的邏輯主語就是句子主語“it”，兩者是主動(dòng)的關(guān)系，即“大雨導(dǎo)致洪澇”；現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此第2題應(yīng)填“causing”，作結(jié)果狀語。3. 按照以上分析方法可判定“complete”在句中作非謂語，“complete”和其邏輯主語，即句子主語“the staff”，是主

15、動(dòng)關(guān)系，但“complete”在此處是表達(dá)目的，動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的或?qū)?，因此?題應(yīng)填“to complete”。二、非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語的題型：1. A great number of students _ (question) said they were forced to practice the piano.2. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _ (repair) first is the library.解題思路：1. 先以“抽主干”的方式來劃分句子成分，也可用此方法簡化句子，以便更好地理解：“A gre

16、at number of students”的中心詞為“students”，做主語，句子謂語是“said”，“ they were forced to practice the piano”在句中作賓語，即賓語從句；所給提示詞“question”作動(dòng)詞使用時(shí)，意為“問（某人）問題”，在句中作定語，修飾“students”，應(yīng)用其非謂語形式；此時(shí)就可用三步驟來決定用哪一種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式了：第一、“question”的邏輯主語就是它所修飾的名詞“students”；第二、兩者之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，翻譯為“被問的學(xué)生”；第三、動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，由此綜合可判定此處應(yīng)填“questioned”。2.

17、由“but”一連詞可知這是一個(gè)并列句，我們重點(diǎn)看后面的小分句：the one是句子的主語，is the library是系表結(jié)構(gòu)作謂語，所給提示詞“repair”在句中作定語修飾“the one”，應(yīng)用其非謂語形式。三步驟分析：repair的邏輯主語就是它所修飾的代詞the one，兩者之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，再者，repair的時(shí)間從語境分析應(yīng)是將來時(shí)間，動(dòng)詞不定式表示將來或目的。綜上所述，repair應(yīng)用其動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式，即“to be repaired”；本句意為“城市里面的許多建筑物都需要維修了，而第一個(gè)需要維修的建筑物就是圖書館。”綜述：我們在選擇非謂語動(dòng)詞形式時(shí)應(yīng)先判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞在句子中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。情況如下：非謂語做狀語時(shí)，判斷其與主語之間的關(guān)系；非謂語做定語時(shí)，判斷其與被修飾詞之間的關(guān)系；非謂語做賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，判斷其與賓語之間的關(guān)系（此情況同樣可用“三步驟”，在此就不多講了）。確定非謂語動(dòng)詞形式后，最好先翻譯一下。