2018年中考英語(yǔ)真題分類(lèi)匯編 題型3 閱讀理解 專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練九 安全與急救(含解析)

專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練九安全與急救時(shí)間：810分鐘/篇分值：2分/小題Passage1(2018宜昌)Therearemanydifferentkindsofdisastersaroundtheworld.Asanadultyouknowwhattododuringadisaster,butwhataboutthechildren?Someadultsthinkitwouldprobablyneverhappentothem,sotheydon'tteachtheirchildrenwhattodo.Beforeit'stoolate,herearewaystohelpyouprepareyourchildforadisaster：Educate:Itisalwaysgoodtoletyourchildknowaboutpossibledisasters.Thisdoesn'tmeanchildrenhavetoliveinfear.Whenteachingthemaboutdisasters,keeptheconversationpositive積極的)bytellingthemthereisasolutio解決辦法)tothedisaster.Keeptheconversationsshort,allowforquestionsandanswerhonestly.Prepare:Alwaysbeprepared,thatisthebestadviceforchildren.Forexample,whenpreparingforbadweather,getthetoolsyouneed,likceandles,radios,food,waterandmedicine.Teachyourchildwhatisneededincertaindisasterssothattheyknowwhatisavailableforthem,ifeverneeded.Plan:Youshouldalwayshaveaplanforyouandyourchildforanydangeroussituation.Writeoutasimplelistthattheycanread.Theplancouldstartwith“l(fā)istentoanadult'sadviceand/orcall119”P(pán)ractice:Onceyouhavegotthecorrectsafetytoolsandworkedouttherightplan,practiceeveryfewmonths.Practicingwhattododuringadisasterwithyourchildwillhelpthemifthetimecomes.Disasterscan'tbeavoidedbuttheycanbelessened(減輕)onceyouarepreparedandreadyforone.()1.Whatdoestheworddisastermean?A. 命運(yùn)B.災(zāi)難C.演習(xí)D.傾銷(xiāo)()2.Whatshouldadultsteachchildren?A. Whendisasterswillhappen.B. Whydisastersaredangerous.C. Whattodoforadisaster.D. Howtoavoidadisaster.()3.Whatisthecorrectthingtodoforadults?A. Havepositiveconversationswithchildren.B. Trynottotalkaboutdisasterswithchildren.C. Makethechildrenscaredofdisasters.D. Askchildrenlotsofquestions.()4.What'sthemostimportantthingforchildren?A. Alwaysaskadultsforhelp.B. Alwaysbepreparedforadisaster.C. Alwayslistentoanadult'sadvice.D. Alwaysrememberwherethetoolsare.()5.WhatisNOTsuggesteddoing?A. Rememberingwhatisneededincertaindisasters.B. Gettingthechildrentoknowtheplanwell.C. Helpingpeopleindisasterareas.D. Gettingradiosforbadweather.Passage2（2018婁底）Robertandhisbrotherwereplayingfootballintheirfrontyard.Suddenlyawomanranoutofherhouseshoutingtthemtocallanambulance救護(hù)車(chē)）.Her12weekoldbabyseemedtostopbreathing.Shewassoscaredthatshecouldn'tfindhercellphone,soshehaddecidedtorushoutsidetoaskforhelp.AsthewomanwastryingtodoCP心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)）onherbaby,youngRobertcameinandtoldhershewasdoingitallwrong.Heaskedhertousetwofingers,pushonthechest510times,tilt（傾斜）thebaby'shead,plug堵?。﹖henoseandthendoamouthtomouthresuscitationbybreathingintothebaby'smouth.Luckilyforthebaby,thewomanacceptedRobert'sadvice.Justforasecond,camealoudcryfromthebaby.Soonthedoctorscameandthebabywassenttohospital.ThemostamazingpartofthisstoryisthatRoberthasnotattendedaCPRclass.Instead,helearneditallbycarefullyreadingtheposter宣傳畫(huà)）onthewallsofhisschoolhall.And,whileheisnowbeingcalledasaheroandeveninterviewedonTV,heisjustgladtohavesavedthebaby'slife！“Thankstothepostersonthewalls,hecouldsavethekid！”histeachersaidtothereporterproudly.（）1.WhydidthewomanaskRobertandhisbrothertocallanambulance?A. BecauseRobertandhisbrotherhitherbaby.B. Becauseshehadtolookafterher12weekoldbaby.C. Becauseherbabyseemedtostopbreathingandshecouldn'tfindhercellphone.（）2.WhotaughtthewomantodoCPRcorrectly?A. Robert'sparents.B.Roberthimself.C.Robert'sbrother.（）3.HowdidRobertlearnCPR?A. Heusedtogotothehospitaltolearnitfromthedoctors.B. Helearntitbylisteningtotheradioandkeptitinhismind.C. Helearntitbyreadingthepostersonthewallsofhisschoolhall.（）4.What'stheChinesemeaningoftheunderlinedword“resuscitation"?A. 復(fù)蘇B.保存C.逃跑（）5.What'sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A. RobertwasinterviewedonTV.B. Theschoolcultureisgoodforstudents.C. Robertisaherobecausehesavedthebaby.Passage3（2018南充）Whatshouldyoudoifthere'sanearthquakeatschool?Howcanyouprotectyourselfwhenyouarecaughtinastampede（踩踏）？March25thisyearprovidesyouwithagoodchancetolearnaboutsafety.ThisdayiscalledtheNationalDayofEducationontheSafetyofElementaryandMiddleSchoolStudents（NDESEMSS）（全國(guó)中小學(xué)生安全教育日）.Thethemeofthedaythisyearistogivestudentsmoreknowledgeaboutsafetyandmakesuretheirlivessafe.AsurveydonebytheChinaYouthandChildrenResearchCentershowedthatschoolaccidentskillmoreelementaryandmiddleschoolstudentsthananythingelse.Themainaccidentscomefromstampedes,earthquakes,firesandsportsinjuries®害).Whatcanwedotokeepourselvessafe?Stayingcal鎮(zhèn)(靜)isthefirstandmostimportantrulewhenfacingaccidents.Butdifferentaccidentshavedifferentselfprotectionadvice.Astampedeispossibleanywhere.Thelargerahumancrowdgets,themorelikelystampedesbecome.Whenstudentsaroundyoubegintopush,standstillandtrytoholdontosomething,orstayinacorneruntilthecrowdleaves.Ifyoufalldowninamovingcrowd,coveryourheadwithbothhands.Leantooneside,curlupyourbodyandbendyourlegs.Earthquakesarecommonnaturaldisasters(災(zāi)難).Whenyoufeelthegroundshake,dropdown,takecoverunderadeskandholdon.Youshouldstayindoorsuntiltheshakingstops.Ifyouareoutdoors,don'tstaynearbuildings,treesorpowerlines.Whenthere'safire,followtheteachers'instructions,leavetheclassroomquicklyanduseapieceofclothtocoveryourmouthandnosesothatyoudon'tbreatheinsmoke.()1.What'sthethemeofNDESEMSSthisyear?A. Togivestudentsmoreknowledgeaboutsafetyandmakesuretheirlivessafe.B. Togivestudentsmoreknowledgeabouthealthandmakesuretheyeathealthily.C. Togivestudentsmoreknowledgeaboutscienceandmaketheirstudybetter.D. Togivestudentsmoreknowledgeaboutaccidentsandmakethemrunaway.()2.Whatshouldyoudofirstwhenaccidentshappenaccordingtothispassage?A.Runaway.B.Standthere.C.Keepcalm.D.Cryloudly.()3.Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A. Caraccidentskillthemostelementaryandmiddleschoolstudentsofallaccidents.B. Whenthere'safire,youshoulduseclothtocoveryourmouthandnose.C. Ifyoufalldowninamovingcrowd,youcandonothingbutwaitthere.D. Whenanearthquakehappens,youshouldstaynearbuildingsortrees.()4.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.BeafraidofaccidentsB.TheearthquakeiscomingC.RunawayfromaccidentsD.Howtoprotectyourself()5.Ifthewritercontinuestowritethispassage,whatwillhewriteabout?A.Thechangesoffires.B.Thereasonsofaccidents.C.Sportsinjuries.D.Smokingdisadvantages.專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練九安全與急救Passage1【主旨大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了讓孩子準(zhǔn)備和應(yīng)對(duì)災(zāi)難的幾種做法。1. B【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。題干意為：disaster這個(gè)單詞的意思是什么？通讀文章可知，本文主要講的是應(yīng)對(duì)災(zāi)難的方法，所以disaster是“災(zāi)難”的意思。故選B。2. C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：大人應(yīng)該教孩子們什么？根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“Asanadultyouknowwhattododuringadisaster，butwhataboutthechildren？”和最后一句“Beforeit'stoolate,herearewaystohelpyouprepareyourchildforadisaster：”可知，大人應(yīng)該告訴孩子在災(zāi)難中如何應(yīng)對(duì)，故選C。3. A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：對(duì)于大人來(lái)說(shuō)，做什么事情是正確的？根據(jù)文章第二段第三句“.keeptheconversationpositive（積極的）bytellingthemthereisasolution（解決辦法）tothedisaster.”可知答案為A。4. B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：對(duì)孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，最重要的事情是什么？根據(jù)文章最后一段“Disasterscan'tbeavoidedbuttheycanbelessened（減輕）oneeyouarepreparedandreadyforone.”可知做好準(zhǔn)備是最重要的。故選B。5. C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：什么是不被建議做的？根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Teachyourchildwhatisneededincertaindisasters.”可矢IA正確；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一句話“Youshouldalwayshaveaplanforyouandyourchildforanydangeroussituation.”可知B正確；根據(jù)第三段第二句“.whenpreparingforbadweather.”可知D正確；而C在文中沒(méi)有提到，故選CoPassage2【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章敘述了一名叫羅伯特的學(xué)生無(wú)意間認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)了學(xué)校墻上的宣傳畫(huà)，卻因此救活了鄰居家12個(gè)星期大的孩子的故事。文章告訴我們：平時(shí)要像羅伯特一樣多留心學(xué)習(xí)一些急救措施。1. C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：這位女士為什么請(qǐng)求羅伯特和他的兄弟叫救護(hù)車(chē)？根據(jù)第一段第三、四句“Her12weekoldbabyseemedtostopbreathing.Shewassoscaredthatshecouldn'tfindhercellphone,so.”可知選項(xiàng)C符合題意。故選C。2. B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：誰(shuí)教這位女士做正確的心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)？根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知是羅伯特本人教的。故選B。3. C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：羅伯特怎樣學(xué)會(huì)心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)？根據(jù)第四段第二句“Instead,helearneditallbycarefullyreadingtheposters（宣傳畫(huà)）onthewallsofhisschoolhall.”可知選項(xiàng)C符合題意。故選C。4. A【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。題干意為：劃線單詞“resuscitation”的漢語(yǔ)意思是什么？根據(jù)上文“Her12weekyearoldbabyseemedtostopbreathing.”以及本句中的“bybreathingintothebaby'smouth”可知“復(fù)蘇”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。5. B【解析】段落大意題。題干意為：最后一段的主要意思是什么？本段敘述了一名學(xué)生用從學(xué)校墻壁的宣傳畫(huà)上學(xué)到的急救知識(shí)挽救了一個(gè)嬰兒。由此可以看出學(xué)校文化對(duì)學(xué)生是有益的。故選B。Passage3【主旨大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了在突發(fā)事件中如何保護(hù)自己。遇到突發(fā)事件時(shí)，首先要保持鎮(zhèn)靜，這尤為重要。同時(shí)，介紹了在遇到踩踏、地震、火災(zāi)時(shí)應(yīng)如何保護(hù)自己。1. A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：今年全國(guó)中小學(xué)生安全教育日的主題是什么？根據(jù)第二段中“Thethemeofthedaythisyearistogivestudentsmoreknowledgeaboutsafetyandmakesuretheirlivessafe.”可知今年全國(guó)中小學(xué)生安全教育日的主題是：給學(xué)生更多的安全知識(shí)，確保他們的生命安全。故選Ao2. C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：根據(jù)這篇文章，事故發(fā)生時(shí)，你首先應(yīng)該做什么？根據(jù)第四段第二句中“Stayingcalm（鎮(zhèn)靜）isthefirstandmostimportantrulewhenfacingaccidents.”可知面對(duì)事故時(shí)，保持鎮(zhèn)靜是首要的也是最重要的規(guī)則。故選C。3. B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：根據(jù)這篇文章，下面哪個(gè)說(shuō)法是正確的？根據(jù)第三段中“schoolaccidentskillmoreelementaryandmiddleschoolstudents”可知錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)最后一段中“Whenthere'safire,followtheteachers'instructions,leavetheclassroomquicklyanduseapieceofclothtocoveryourmouthandnosesothatyoudon'tbreatheinsmoke.”可知B正確；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Ifyoufalldowninamovingcrowd,coveryourheadwithbothhands.Leantooneside,curlupyourbodyandbendyourlegs.”可知C錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Ifyouareoutdoors,don'tstaynearbuildings,treesorpowerlines.”可矢口D錯(cuò)誤。故選B。4. D【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。題干意為：這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是什么？本文主要介紹了在遇到突發(fā)事件，如踩踏、地震、火災(zāi)時(shí)如何保護(hù)自己。對(duì)此，作者提出了許多具體的建議，因此，最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)為“如何保護(hù)自己”。故選D。5. C【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：如果作者繼續(xù)寫(xiě)這篇文章，他會(huì)寫(xiě)關(guān)于什么的？根據(jù)第三段中“Themainaccidentscomefromstampedes,earthquakes,firesandsportsinjuries（傷害）.”可知，突發(fā)事件主要有：踩踏、地震、火災(zāi)、運(yùn)動(dòng)受傷等。文章涉及到了前三項(xiàng)，運(yùn)動(dòng)受傷還沒(méi)有涉及。因此，如果作者要繼續(xù)寫(xiě)這篇文章，極有可能寫(xiě)這一方面的事故。故選C。