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1、濰坊題型四閱讀理解還原型閱讀理解 考生由于缺乏邏輯思維能力而不能正確理清文章的邏輯關(guān)系，在做本題時(shí)容易選錯(cuò)，是中考中失分嚴(yán)重的題型。一、閱讀理解“三步定位法”第一步看題干，定位題干關(guān)鍵詞。先看問題，找出題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，猜測(cè)文章大意。第二步讀文章，以詞定位找原文。帶著關(guān)鍵詞快速通讀全文，畫出與題干內(nèi)容相關(guān)的詞匯和句子，并在腦海中形成篇章結(jié)構(gòu)圖。第三步回看題，連線解讀定答案。細(xì)讀題干、選項(xiàng)，針對(duì)已畫出的原文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行定位，精準(zhǔn)連線，鎖定答案。二、具體解題技巧(一)選擇型閱讀理解1細(xì)節(jié)理解題該題型多從文章的某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)出發(fā)來設(shè)計(jì)題目，屬于表層理解題范疇，難度較小，但所占比例最大，一般占總分值的6
2、0%85%。其命題方式：用what, where, which, why, who, how等疑問詞進(jìn)行提問；用according to. . . 開頭，后接短文具體內(nèi)容；用動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)、介賓結(jié)構(gòu)、系表結(jié)構(gòu)等的設(shè)題方式；以. . because的提問方式等。解答該類題目時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)若問題的答案是文中的原句，直接作答即可；(2)若問題的答案涉及的是總結(jié)性的句子，要特別注意對(duì)原文中與答案相關(guān)句子的總結(jié)。 I grew up in New Hampshire, a small town in South Canada, where in my fathers words for the se
3、asons were “Spring, Summer, Fair time and Winter！” At that time, a weeklong fair(集市) was held in the town every autumn. Thousands of people from other towns came to sell and buy things. It was the busiest time of the year. Q: Thousands of people came to the town to at the fair. Aenjoy Grandmas foodB
4、sell and buy thingsClearn to cookDhave a big party【解析】 B由本段第三句話可知，數(shù)千人來到小鎮(zhèn)上是為了在集市上買賣東西，故選B。2推理判斷題該題型的命題方式主要有：對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推理判斷、對(duì)某個(gè)問題或某一部分的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度的推理判斷；對(duì)作者在整篇文章中的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)和寫作意圖的推理判斷。常見的提問方式：(1)The sentence/paragraph/passage infers that. . . (2)We can learn from the sentence/paragraph/passage that. . . (3)The sentenc
5、e/paragraph/passage implies that. . . (4)By saying. . . , the author means. . . (5)What can we infer from the. . . (6)At the end of the passage the writer suggests. . . (7)From the second example we can infer that. . . (8)It can be concluded/inferred from the passage that. . . One day, a little boy
6、decided to dig a hole behind his house after watching a science program. As he was working, a couple of boys stopped by to watch. “What are you doing？” asked one of the visitors. “I want to dig a deep hole all the way through the earth！” the boy answered excitedly. The older boys began to laugh, tel
7、ling him that it was impossible to do it. Then they left. Q: It can be inferred from the passage that the older boys think the little boy is Asilly BstrictCfriendly Dstrongminded【解析】 A由本段倒數(shù)第二句可知，那些年齡大一些的男孩嘲笑小男孩，說他不可能完成那件事，由此可推斷，他們覺得小男孩很愚蠢，故選A。3詞義猜測(cè)題該題型要求學(xué)生充分理解文章，有時(shí)還要結(jié)合英語構(gòu)詞法、語法及相關(guān)知識(shí)進(jìn)行合理猜測(cè)。 A serious
8、sandstorm(沙塵暴) has hit Beijing, together with five to seven degree strong wind. A great yellow dust cloud enveloped the Chinese capital last Sunday. Q: What does the underlined word “enveloped” mean in this passage? A信封 B遮蓋 C刮走 D灰塵【解析】 B由前文可知，沙塵暴襲擊了北京，再結(jié)合句法知識(shí)可知envelop在此是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，排除A、D項(xiàng)；再結(jié)合生活常識(shí)可判斷envelop
9、在此處表示“遮蓋”之意，故選B。4主旨大意題該題型文章考查考生對(duì)文章整體的理解及對(duì)主旨大意的概括能力。常見的提問方式：(1)What is the main idea/subject/topic of the passage? (2)The author is mainly concerned with. . . (3)What does the passage mainly discuss? (4)Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage? (5)The passage is mainly about. .
10、 . 等。解答該類題目時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)注意文章標(biāo)題、開頭、結(jié)尾、中間的主題句；(2)以原文為依據(jù)，只選最適合原文的，不要摻雜個(gè)人意見；(3)注意絕對(duì)化的單詞，如all, must等；(4)避免以偏概全的干擾項(xiàng)。 Schools will go electronic. Computers will be important and popular among the students. Everything will be in the computer and students will not need to bring books to school. They will find
11、 information on the Internet. A computer will be the students library, schoolbag and connection to the outside world. There will be robot teachers. They will check homework on computers and communicate with the students parents through email. Q: Whats the main idea of this passage? ASchools will go
12、electronic. BComputers will be important. CThere will be robot teachers. DTeachers will communicate with the students parents through email. 【解析】 A第一句為中心句，后面是對(duì)其進(jìn)行的擴(kuò)展和論述，故選A。5數(shù)字推算題要求學(xué)生根據(jù)提供的數(shù)據(jù)以及內(nèi)在關(guān)系進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算和推斷。 I won a prize for one of my paintings when I was fourteen. That may be why I went to art sch
13、ool four years later. . . When I left school, I got some money. I hope to become a fulltime painter. Q: When finishing school studies, the writer was about A14 B16 C18 D21【解析】 D作者14歲因繪畫獲獎(jiǎng)，18歲進(jìn)入美術(shù)學(xué)校，畢業(yè)時(shí)一定在18歲以上，故選D。(二)還原型閱讀理解1閱讀理解五選四的答題關(guān)鍵是對(duì)語段、全文結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容的理解和把握。2做題時(shí)要先讀五個(gè)選項(xiàng)，然后再讀文章。抓住關(guān)鍵詞，邊讀邊做題，先易后難，重點(diǎn)閱讀設(shè)空處附
14、近的句子，圈定線索詞。從選項(xiàng)中尋找相關(guān)的詞，以確定答案。做題時(shí)要特別注意以下幾類詞：(1)代詞或定冠詞。做題時(shí)，一定要注意句子中出現(xiàn)的人稱代詞或者指示代詞。代詞是指代一個(gè)名詞或者一個(gè)句子的，通過代詞在句子中所作的成分可推斷出它指代的句子的類型。(2)特殊疑問詞。如果選項(xiàng)中或設(shè)空前出現(xiàn)特殊疑問詞，一定要把這句話仔細(xì)讀幾遍，因?yàn)閷?duì)于不同特殊疑問詞的回答方式是不一樣的。比如對(duì)why的回答，后面要有because等表示原因的詞；對(duì)when的回答，后面要有表示時(shí)間的狀語；對(duì)where的回答，后面要有表示地點(diǎn)的名詞；對(duì)how的回答，后面要有方式狀語等。(3)連詞。通過不同的連詞我們可以推知句子與句子之間的
15、關(guān)系。常在文章中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞有but, however, yet, though, nevertheless等，表示并列關(guān)系的連詞有and, also, as well as, neither nor, either or, not only. . . but also. . . , on the one hand. . . on the other hand. . . 等。3對(duì)于難以作出選擇的空缺處，可以暫時(shí)擱置，先將確定的題目答完，然后用代入排除法。至此，文章的要點(diǎn)和主旨，各個(gè)段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)基本清楚了。4五個(gè)小題都做完后，要重新閱讀全文，查漏補(bǔ)缺，此時(shí)可將選出的答案代入原文。重點(diǎn)做剛才沒做出的題或不確定的題，同時(shí)檢查核對(duì)已選出的答案，看文章在內(nèi)容上是否語義連貫合理，語篇結(jié)構(gòu)上是否通順連貫，合乎邏輯。
英語總題型突破 題型四 閱讀理解
