江蘇省江陰市峭岐中學(xué)2020屆高三英語復(fù)習(xí) 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)講義

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1、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容 一. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法 1） 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。 　 The earth moves around the sun. 　 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 Columbus proved that the earth is round. 2） 表示格言或警句。 　 Pride goes before a fall.　驕者必?cái)　? Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

2、 3） 現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。 　 I don't want so much. 　 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 4）在here, there 開頭的句子里表示現(xiàn)在瞬間的動(dòng)作。 Here comes the bus. There goes the bell. 5）用于新聞標(biāo)題、體育解說詞、舞臺(tái)指導(dǎo)、說明等。 China declares manned spaceflight successful. Now, look, I press the button and turn on th

3、e machine. 2. 一般過去時(shí)的用法 1）在一些虛擬語氣中的運(yùn)用。 It is time you went to bed.　　　 　 I'd rather you came tomorrow. I wish I had a better memory. 2）在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，代替過去將來時(shí)。 Mother said I couldn’t watch TV before my homework was finished. 3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could, would表示委婉語氣。 　　　Could you lend me your bike? Would y

4、ou help me? 4) used to do/ would 　　 used to do “過去常?！?，表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 You used to sleep with the window open, usedn’t/didn’t you? People used to believe that the earth was flat. would只能用于表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，而不能用于表示過去的狀態(tài)。 When he was young, he would rise early and take a walk before breakfast. 3. 一般

5、將來時(shí) 、 過去將來時(shí)的用法 1）表示臨時(shí)決定在短暫的將來馬上要做某事，用will ---You haven’t turned off the air-conditioner. ---Sorry. I will turn it off. 2) 表示具有某種功能用will(能，可以) Each bench will seat five persons. The door won’t open. 3）was/were going to do sth. 表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的打算或意圖等。 ---You should have come to the meeting yesterday

6、evening. ---I was going to, but my mother suddenly fell ill and I had to send her to hospital. 4）注意以下結(jié)構(gòu)： was/were about to do…when… was/were on the point of doing…when… I was about to go to bed/on the point of going to bed when the telephone rang. 5）be going to / will 用于條件句時(shí)，be going to表示計(jì)劃、打算

7、, will表意愿。 If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you. 4. 進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法 1）不與時(shí)間狀語連用，表示逐步發(fā)展。 It is getting darker. The wind is rising. 2) 將來進(jìn)行時(shí), 表示將來某時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)期正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 They will be wa

8、iting for you at the school gate from ten to eleven tomorrow morning. 注意：不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞 1）表示事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞, 如：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。 I have two brothers. 　　 This house belongs to my sister. 　 2）表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞, 如：know, realize, think，see, b

9、elieve, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。 I need your help. 　 3）瞬間動(dòng)詞, 如：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。 　　 I accept your advice. 　 4）系動(dòng)詞, 如：seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste

10、, get, become, turn 等。 　　 You seem a little tired. 5. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法 （since的四種用法） 　 1） since +過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)） 　 I have been here since 1989. 2） since +一段時(shí)間+ ago 　 I have been here since five months ago. 　 3） since +從句 　 Great changes have taken place since you left. 　 G

11、reat changes have taken place since we were here. 我們走后，變化可大了。 He went to Canada in 1989 and has lived there ever since. 　 4）It is / has been +一段時(shí)間+ since從句 　 It is / has been two years since I became a postgraduate student. It is two years since I lived in this town. 6. 過去完成時(shí)的用法 1）以下動(dòng)詞ho

12、pe, expect, intend, mean, want, think, suppose等，可用過去完成時(shí)表示“原本要做某事”， 但結(jié)果未做成，即表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。 I had thought that they would leave for London next Monday. 2）下列動(dòng)詞hope, expect, intend, want, mean(打算，意欲)等,也可接動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式以表示原本要 做某事, 但未能做成。 She intended to have helped me, but she was too busy yesterday. =

13、She had intended to help me, but she was too busy yesterday. 注意： 1）was/were to have done sth. 原本打算做某事，但未做成 2) 類似的還有以下結(jié)構(gòu)：Would like/love to have done sth. ---Did you go to see the film “Titanic” yesterday? ---I would like to have (gone to see it), but my mother suddenly fell ill and I had to at

14、tend her. 7. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法 1）表示以前一直在進(jìn)行的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能已停止，也可能還在進(jìn)行。 How long has it been raining? 2) 表示延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并經(jīng)常重復(fù)的動(dòng)作 We have been seeing quite a lot each other recently. All the years they have been contributing articles to our magazine. 3) 用于得出結(jié)論 You look thin and tired. You have been working too

15、 hard. 二．動(dòng)詞的語態(tài) 動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)一般不單獨(dú)考，而是和時(shí)態(tài)、語氣和非謂語動(dòng)詞一起考，還要注意以下考點(diǎn)。 考點(diǎn)一：不定式在某些形容詞(easy,hard, difficult, light, heavy, safe, dangerous, comfortable, pleasant)后作狀語且和句子主語(或賓語)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式 表示被動(dòng)含義。 The long essay is too difficult to understand. He found the math problem easy to work out. 考點(diǎn)二：動(dòng)詞say, r

16、eport, announce, believe, suppose, consider, expect, hope, know等以it作 形式主語時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，后面接that從句。 It is said/reported/announced that our team has won the game. 考點(diǎn)三：make/see/hear sb. do sth.(賓語補(bǔ)足語) → be made/seen/heard to do sth.(主語補(bǔ)足語) Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard.

17、考點(diǎn)四：sth. need/want/require to be done → sth. need/want/require doing The serious situation needs/wants/requires paying attention to. 考點(diǎn)五：sth. be worthy to be done/of being done → sth. be worth doing The science fiction has a twisted plot and is well worth seeing. 考點(diǎn)六：不定式to blame, to let等表示被動(dòng)含義。 It is not I but he that is to blame. The vacant apartment is to let.