廣東省天河區(qū)2020屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法精講精煉 省略句

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1、省略句精講精煉 ●核心考核要點(diǎn)解讀 在高考試題中對于省略的考查常體現(xiàn)在復(fù)合句的省略、動詞不定式的省略以及交際用語中一些習(xí)慣性的省略中。 ●重要知識要點(diǎn)突破 省略和替代一樣，也是一種避免重復(fù)、突出關(guān)鍵詞語并使上下文緊密連接的語法手段。只要不損害語法結(jié)構(gòu)或產(chǎn)生歧義，能省略就應(yīng)省略。尤其在對話中，它是一種普遍的現(xiàn)象，因?yàn)樗兄谡Z言上的簡潔。 1.可省略主語和謂語。 A word about your composition.我現(xiàn)在談一下你的作文。(省略了Ill say...) Though tired，he was not disheartened.他雖然累了，但沒有泄氣。(省

2、略了he was...) Got a light?有火嗎？(句首省略了Have you...) 2.可省去從句。 You have done better this time.這一次你做得好些了。(省去從句than you did before) Oh，that reminds me.噢，這使我想起了一件事。(me之后省去了that從句，其內(nèi)容由具體情況而定) 3.可用不定式to，省去前面提到的謂語動詞。 Jack didn’t pass the driving test，but he still hope to.(to后省去了pass)杰克沒有通過駕駛證考試，但他仍希望能通過

3、。 4.可用so，not省略前面提到的事，表肯定與否定。 —Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend?你認(rèn)為周末會下雨嗎？ —I believe not/I believe so.我想不會/我想會的。 (即I don’t believe it’s going to rain) 5.根據(jù)不同語境可省略不同成分。如： only if，If only，what so ever， in case 6.特殊疑問句的省略。 Where to?去哪里？ (=Where are you going to?) What f

4、or?為什么？ (例如：What do you come here for?你來這里干什么？) Why not do it?為什么不做那件事呢？ (=Why don’t you do it?) How/What about(sb)doing sth.?做某事怎么樣？ What’s on tonight?今晚上映什么？ What’s up?發(fā)生什么事了？ 【考點(diǎn)詮釋】 　　省略是為了使句子更簡潔，同時又不影響句子意義的表達(dá)。因此，省略的部分常常可以從句子結(jié)構(gòu)本身或句子所處的語境中可以明確領(lǐng)會其成分。如： You are as tall as he (is).

5、 When (you are) in Rome,　do as the Romans do. 1.比較從句中的省略 I love classic music more than (I like)　rock and roll. He is no longer so shy as (he was) before. 2.在時間狀語和條件狀語從句中的省略 While (I was) on the street, I came across a friend of mine. If (you are) offered help, never forget to say “Thank

6、 you!” If (it is) possible, I would like to go there tomorrow. 3.在其他狀語從句中的省略 I won’t go there unless (I am) invited.  Things have turned out just as (they were) expected.  How beautiful ( it is)! 4.在并列從句中的省略 The girls are very hard-working; the boys (are very hard-working) too. The ne

7、ws made some people happy, but (it made) some (other people) sad.  5.命令和請求 No talking！ Silent, everybody! 6.特定問題的回答 —Where have you been? —(I’ve been) Out. —Have you been waiting long? —(I’ve been waiting for) About an hour. 7.簡略的提問句 —Tom, go and water the flowers. —Why (do you ma

8、ke) me (water the flowers)? 典型例題： 1.　________for the rain,　the construction work would have been faster. A. If it were not　　　　　　　 B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If it hasn’t 答案：C 解析：省略if時，虛擬條件從句人要倒裝。 2.　The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than______

9、_. A. ours  B. those of ours C. it had for ours D. it did for us 答案：D 解析：這句話也可以省略為the purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than for us.其中had是has的過去式。 3.　—Don’t forget to post the letter for me on your way. —______. A. I don’t B. I won’t C. I can’t

10、 D. I haven’t 4.　—Mary had a wonderful time at the party. —_______, and so did I. A. So she had  B. So had she C. So she did D. So did she 答案：C 解析：So she did 是省略加強(qiáng)調(diào)。原句應(yīng)該是She did have a wonderful time.她的確玩得很開心。 5. 　_______ we move the couch over there. Don’t you think the room will

11、look larger? A. What about B. What if C. How far D. How come 答案：B 解析：What if在這里相當(dāng)于是What will the room look like if we move the couch的省略句。what about 后面要用動名詞；how come怎么會。 6.　I hear that Tom was writing a book last year and he still______ . A. does B. is C. has D. was

12、 7.　John plays football_______, if not better than, David.  A. so well  B. so well as C. as well  D. as well as 答案：D 解析：省略句。John plays football as well as (David), if not better than David. 8.　Land to the east of Ural is called Asia; land to the west_______ Europe. A. / B. is

13、 C. called D. calls 答案：A 解析：省略句。Land to the west (is called) Europe. 【2020高考模擬試題精講精煉】 1. —Do you still believe in love? —Absolutely. It is not time, money, power or whatever but love cures our pain. A．who B．which C．that D．what 【答案】C 【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。這是一個“it is …that…”強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為“no

14、t time, money, power or whatever but love”，里面使用了“not …but”結(jié)構(gòu)。 2.—I am shocked at the news that many pupils were killed in the terrible traffic accident. —So am I. Little the safety of the poor children. A．did the local government care for B．the local government cared for C．did the l

15、ocal government care about D．the local government cared about 【答案】C 【解析】考查倒裝和短語辨析。否定詞little為否定副詞，所以用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，故排除B和D。care for喜歡，care about在乎。答語句意為：我也很震驚，當(dāng)?shù)卣苌僭谝庳毨和陌踩? 3. ______ at the news that her eyes rained tears. A. So was Rebecca sad B. So sad was Rebecca C. So sad Rebecca was D. Was Re

16、becca so sad 【答案】B 【解析】考查倒裝?！皊o…that”結(jié)構(gòu)中，so 和形容詞提前，后面要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 4. Not only ______ a promise ,but she also kept it. A. did she make B.she made C. does she make D. had she made 【答案】A 【解析】考查倒裝句式。 Not only提前，用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為：他不僅許下了諾言，而且還堅守了諾言。 5. Nowhere else, as his mother told us, _____ except th

17、e cabin in the backyard. A. did he go B. he did go C. went he D. he went 【答案】A 【解析】 考查倒裝。nowhere【意思是：沒有一個地方】表示否定意義的副詞位于句首要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 6.—Do you still believe in love? —Absolutely. It is not time, money, power or whatever but love cures our pain. A．who B．which C．that D．what

18、 【答案】C 【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。這是一個“it is …that…”強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為“not time, money, power or whatever but love”，里面使用了“not …but”結(jié)構(gòu)。 7. Are you free tonight? ______, I'd like you to meet Tom, my new friend from the States． A．Even so B．When necessary C．If not D．If so 【答案】D 【解析】考查替代。If so.意思是：

19、如果這樣的話。這里so替代的是上文的：you are free。 8. It was not until 1920 _______American women had the chance to vote in national elections. A. when B. that C. where D. which 【答案】B 【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。此處not until 1920是被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分。句意：直到1920年美國婦女才能在國家選舉中有機(jī)會投票。 9. ——He ought to have been

20、 warned of the danger． ——____, but he wouldn’t listen to me． A．yes, he ought to B．So he did C．So it was with him． D．So he was 【答案】D 【及解析】考查特殊句式。 so+主語+助動詞／系動詞／情態(tài)動詞 表示“確實(shí)如此”。根據(jù)答語后半句可知空處表示他確實(shí)被警告了，因此選D項。 10．—I am shocked at the news that many pupils were killed in the terrible traffic a

21、ccident. —So am I. Little the safety of the poor children. A．did the local government care for B．the local government cared for C．did the local government care about D．the local government cared about 【答案】C 【解析】考查倒裝和短語辨析。否定詞little為否定副詞，所以用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，故排除B和D。care for喜歡，care about在乎。答語句意為：我也很震驚，當(dāng)?shù)卣苌僭谝庳毨和陌踩?