2015年高中英語(yǔ) Unit8 動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) I語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)超級(jí)歸納素材

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1、Unit8 動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) I語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)超級(jí)歸納 考點(diǎn)一：動(dòng)詞的基本形式 動(dòng)詞（Verbs）是最復(fù)雜的一種詞類。它既可表示動(dòng)作，又可表示狀態(tài)；它有人稱和數(shù)的變化，而且必須與主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致；它還有一些特有的語(yǔ)法特征，如時(shí)態(tài)（Tenses）、語(yǔ)態(tài)（Voices）和語(yǔ)氣（Mood）。 動(dòng)詞可分為及物動(dòng)詞（Transitive Verbs）、不及物動(dòng)詞（Intransitive Verbs）、系動(dòng)詞（Linking Verbs）、助動(dòng)詞（Auxiliary Verbs）、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（Modal Verbs）等。 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有五種基本形式：動(dòng)詞原形（Verb Stem）、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)

2、形式（Third Person Singular Present Tense Form）、過(guò)去式（Past Tense Form）、過(guò)去分詞（Past Participles）和現(xiàn)在分詞（Present Participles）。這五種形式與助動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣。其中后四種形式都是在動(dòng)詞原形的基礎(chǔ)上變化而來(lái)的，具體規(guī)則見下表： 1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成 情況 例詞 一般在動(dòng)詞原形后加-s help—helps, read—reads, get—gets 以s, x, o, ch, sh結(jié)尾的詞后加-es pass—passes, mix—mix

3、es, go—goes, watch—watches, finish—finishes 以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的詞變y為i，再加-es fly—flies, study—studies, try—tries 2. 過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成 情況 例詞 一般在動(dòng)詞原形后加-ed work—worked, call—called, want—wanted 以-e結(jié)尾的詞后加-d like—liked, change—changed, decide—decided 以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的詞變y為i，再加-ed cry—cried, copy—copied, study—stu

4、died 以重讀閉音節(jié)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，須雙寫詞尾的輔音字母，再加-ed stop—stopped, permit—permitted, prefer—preferred 注： ①動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成有規(guī)則的和不規(guī)則的兩種，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞需要逐個(gè)牢記， “不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表”附后。 ② -ed的讀音規(guī)則：在清輔音后讀/t/，如worked, liked；在元音和濁輔音后讀/d/，如followed, called, obeyed；在輔音t, d后讀/id/，如wanted, decided。 ③ 以“一個(gè)元音＋l”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，英國(guó)英語(yǔ)雙寫l，美國(guó)

5、英語(yǔ)不雙寫，例如：travel → travelled（英），traveled（美）；quarrel → quarrelled（英），quarreled（美）。若l前有兩個(gè)元音，則英美都不雙寫l，例如：appeal→appealed。 3. 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成 情況 例詞 一般在動(dòng)詞原形后直接加-ing go—going, study—studying, teach—teaching 以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾的詞，去e加-ing live—living, move—moving, come—coming 以-ie結(jié)尾的詞，把-ie變?yōu)閥，再加-ing die—dying, lie—l

6、ying, tie—tying 以重讀閉音節(jié)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，須雙寫詞尾的輔音字母，再加-ing plan—planning, begin—beginning, refer—referring 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表 （1）A-A-A型 bet打賭 bet / betted bet / betted bid喊價(jià) bid bid broadcast廣播 broadcast / broadcasted broadcast / broadcasted burst爆裂 burst burst cast擲 cast cast cost花費(fèi) cos

7、t cost cut切 cut cut forecast預(yù)報(bào) forecast / forecasted forecast / forecasted hit擊打 hit hit hurt傷害 hurt hurt let讓 let let put放 put put quit退出 quitted / quit quitted / quit read閱讀 read read set安裝 set set shed流出 shed shed shut關(guān)閉 shut shut slit切開 slit slit split劈開 sp

8、lit split spread傳播 spread spread thrust插 thrust thrust upset打翻 upset upset （2）A-A-B型 beat敲打 beat beaten （3）A-B-B型 bend使彎曲 bent bent bind捆 bound bound bleed流血 bled bled bless保佑 blest / blessed blest / blessed bring帶來(lái) brought brought build建造 built built burn燒 burn

9、t / burned burnt / burned buy買 bought bought catch抓住 caught caught dream做夢(mèng) dreamt (英) dreamed (美) dreamt (英) dreamed (美) dare敢 dared dared deal處理 dealt dealt dig挖 dug dug dive跳水 dived / dove dived feed喂 fed fed feel感覺(jué) felt felt fight戰(zhàn)斗 fought fought find找到 found

10、 found flee逃跑 fled fled get獲得 got got / gotten (美) grind磨碎 ground ground have (has)有 had had hang懸掛 hung hung hear聽見 heard heard hold舉行 held held keep保持 kept kept kneel跪下 knelt knelt lay放置 laid laid lead領(lǐng)導(dǎo) led led lean倚靠 leant (英) leaned (美) leant (英)

11、 leaned (美) learn學(xué)習(xí) learnt / learned learnt / learned leap跳躍 leapt (英) leaped (美) leapt (英) leaped (美) leave離開 left left lend借出 lent lent light點(diǎn)燃 lit lighted lit lighted (作定語(yǔ)時(shí)較多) lose失去 lost lost make制造 made made mean意思是 meant meant meet遇見 met met melt融化 mel

12、ted melted / molten mislead誤導(dǎo) misled misled misunderstand誤解 misunderstood misunderstood pay支付 paid paid rebuild重建 rebuilt rebuilt retell復(fù)述 retold retold rewind倒帶 rewound rewound rid去除 rid / ridded rid / ridded say說(shuō) said said seek尋求 sought sought sell賣 sold sold send發(fā)送

13、 sent sent sit坐 sat sat shine照耀 shone / shined shone / shined shoot射擊 shot shot sleep睡覺(jué) slept slept slide 滑行 slid slid / slidden smell聞 smelt / smelled smelt / smelled speed加速 sped / speeded sped / speeded spell拼寫 spelt / spelled spelt / spelled spend度過(guò) spent spent s

14、pill溢出 spilt / spilled spilt / spilled spin旋轉(zhuǎn) spun spun spit吐 spat / spit spat / spit spoil損壞 spoilt / spoiled spoilt / spoiled stand站立 stood stood stick粘貼 stuck stuck sting叮咬 stung stung strike打 struck struck stricken（僅作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)） sweep打掃 swept swept swing搖擺 swung swung

15、teach教 taught taught tear撕 torn torn tell告訴 told told think想 thought thought understand理解 understood understood weep哭泣 wept wept wet弄濕 wetted / wet wetted / wet win贏 won won wind纏繞 wound wound withstand經(jīng)受住 withstood withstood （4）A-B-A型 become變成 became become come來(lái)

16、came come overcome克服 overcame overcome run跑 ran run （5）A-B-C型 arise 起來(lái) arose arisen awake 喚醒 awoke / awaked awoken / awaked be (am / is / are)是 was / were been bear生 bore borne / born （用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） bear承擔(dān) bore borne begin開始 began begun bid向…道別 bade / bid bidden / bid bi

17、te咬 bit bitten blow吹 blew blown break打破 broke broken choose選擇 chose chosen do做 did done draw畫畫 drew drawn drink喝 drank drunk drive駕駛 drove driven eat吃 ate eaten fall落下 fell fallen fly飛 flew flown forbid禁止 forbade / forbad forbidden / forbid foresee預(yù)見 foresaw f

18、oreseen forget忘記 forgot forgotten / forgot forgive原諒 forgave forgiven freeze結(jié)冰 froze frozen give給 gave given go去 went gone grow生長(zhǎng) grew grown hide隱藏 hid hidden / hid know知道 knew known lie躺；位于 lay lain mistake弄錯(cuò) mistook mistaken overtake超過(guò) overtook overtaken ride

19、騎 rode ridden ring響 rang rung rise升起 rose risen run跑 ran run saw鋸 sawed sawn / sawed see看見 saw seen sew縫 sewed sewn / sewed shake搖 shook shaken show展示 showed shown / showed shrink收縮 shrank shrunk shrunk shrunken (作定語(yǔ)) sing唱歌 sang sung sink下沉 sank sunk s

20、unken (作定語(yǔ)) sow播種 sowed sown / sowed speak說(shuō) spoke spoken spring彈跳 sprang sprung steal偷 stole stolen swear發(fā)誓 swore sworn swell膨脹 swelled swollen / swelled swim游泳 swam swum take拿 took taken throw扔 threw thrown undergo經(jīng)歷 underwent undergone undertake承擔(dān) undertook under

21、taken undo打開 undid undone wake醒來(lái) woke / waked woken / waked wear穿 wore worn weave編織 wove woven withdraw收回 withdrew withdrawn write寫 wrote written （6）其他 prove證明 proved proved / proven shave剃 shaved shaved shaven (主要用作定語(yǔ)) 考點(diǎn)二：及物動(dòng)詞 及物動(dòng)詞后要有賓語(yǔ)，這類動(dòng)詞有很多，例如：avoid, buy, catch

22、, cut, describe, discuss, enjoy, exchange, expect, get, give, have, lack, love, make, need, protect, recommend, record, provide, risk, support, trust, upset, want, welcome等 類別 動(dòng) 詞 例 句 接雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞 give, teach, buy, lend, find, hand, leave, sell, show, read, pay, make, offer, pass, bring, co

23、ok She passed him the salt. ＝She passed the salt to him. 她把鹽遞給了他。 My parents bought me a computer yesterday. ＝ My parents bought a computer for me yesterday. 昨天，我父母親給我買了一臺(tái)電腦。 Mother cooks us breakfast every day. 母親每天都為我們做早飯。 接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞 1. 接名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞　　常見的有call, name, think, make等； 2. 接形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)

24、足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 　常見的有make, keep, think, find等； 3. 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí) 　　通常分為下面三種情況： 1）接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞常見的有tell, want, ask, wish, teach等； 2）接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞常見的有hear, see, watch, let, make等； 　　3）接帶to或不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞常見的有help； 4. 接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 　　常見的有watch, see, hear, find, keep等。 5. 接介詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞

25、 　　常見的有find, keep, take等。 We call them mooncakes. 我們把它們叫作月餅。 At first I found English hard. 開始的時(shí)候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)很難。 He kept us alive. 他使我們活了下來(lái)。 We found the ruins most interesting. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)廢墟極其有趣。 Tell him to come over now. 告訴他現(xiàn)在過(guò)來(lái)。 He made us laugh. 他使我們大笑。 She often helps her mother (to) do some hou

26、sework. 她經(jīng)常幫母親做家務(wù)活。 We heard birds singing as we walked in the park. 我們?cè)诠珗@散步時(shí)聽到鳥兒在歌唱。 The boy found his pen under the desk. 這個(gè)男孩在課桌底下找到了他的鋼筆。 與名詞搭配表示一次動(dòng)作的及物動(dòng)詞 have, give, take, make have a bath / a chat / a conversation / a dance / a dream / a drink / a look / a rest / a sleep / a smoke / a s

27、wim / a talk / a try / a walk / a wash; an account / an analysis / an answer / a cry / a glance / a kiss / a lecture / a look / a pull / a push / a smile / a summary / support / a talk / a warning; take action / a bath / a break / care / control / an examination / a lead / a lift / a look / notes

28、/ a risk / place / power / pride / a step / a trip / trouble / turns / a vacation / a walk; make an apology / arrangements / an attempt / a choice / comments / a decision / an effort / an examination / an excuse / an experiment / noise / preparations / progress / a promise / a study 小貼士： 可用下面方法

29、來(lái)判斷一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞所帶的是雙賓語(yǔ)還是復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)：如果賓語(yǔ)與其后的成分之間存在著邏輯上的主謂或主表關(guān)系，則該動(dòng)詞接的是復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，否則就是雙賓語(yǔ)。 考點(diǎn)三：不及物動(dòng)詞 類別 動(dòng) 詞 例 句 不及物動(dòng)詞 （不需要接賓語(yǔ)） ache, appear, belong, come, cough, crawl, cry, die, dine, disappear, exist, fall, flow, glide, go, happen, hesitate, kneel, laugh, lie, live, pause, sigh, sit, smile, sneeze, swi

30、m, travel, weep, return Will looked around carefully. 威爾仔細(xì)環(huán)顧四周。 He turned quickly away. 他迅速轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身去。 He died in New York City in 1971. 他于1971年在紐約逝世。 I’ve just returned from Australia. 我剛剛從澳大利亞回來(lái)。 接同源賓語(yǔ)的不及物動(dòng)詞 laugh, smile, sleep, die, dream, live I dreamed a strange dream last night. 昨夜我做了

31、一個(gè)奇怪的夢(mèng)。 We are living a happy life today. 今天我過(guò)著幸福的生活。 Like Huck, Mark Twain lived an adventurous life. 像哈克一樣，馬克·吐溫也曾有過(guò)冒險(xiǎn)的生涯。 可與介詞搭配組成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的不及物動(dòng)詞（相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞） point to, listen to, keep on, look at, look into, run through, speak of, think about, think of, refer to, stand for, laugh at I pointedto the

32、wheel. 我指著輪子。 I listenedto music before I could speak! 在會(huì)說(shuō)話前，我就開始聽音樂(lè)。 He kept on saying really mean things to hurt me. 他不斷地說(shuō)一些很刻薄的話來(lái)傷害我。 George and I lookedat each other, thensetoff after her. 喬治和我先面面相覷，隨后就跟著她走了。 Three riversrunthrough the city and wherever you go, you hear the sound of rushing

33、water. 三股溪流穿過(guò)古城，不管游人走到哪里，都能聽到潺潺的流水聲。 注意： 1. 容易混淆的不及物動(dòng)詞與及物動(dòng)詞 有些不及物動(dòng)詞與及物動(dòng)詞本義相同，但形式不同，很容易混淆，要特別注意。例如： （1）lie與lay Your book is lying on the desk. 你的書在桌上。 I laid your book on the desk. 我把你的書放桌上了。 （2）rise與raise The teacher’s voice rose. 老師的嗓音提高了。 The teacher raised his voice. 老師抬高了嗓門。 （3）sit與sea

34、t Please sit down. 請(qǐng)坐。 Please be seated. 請(qǐng)坐。 2. 英語(yǔ)中有很多動(dòng)詞兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞，如meet, move, hurt, pass, run, remember, answer, write等。兼作兩種動(dòng)詞時(shí)，詞義有的不變，有的會(huì)有所不同。例如：She can write poems in English. 她能用英語(yǔ)寫詩(shī)。She writes very well. 她文筆很好。Glad to meet you. 見到你很高興。Where shall we meet? 我們?cè)谀睦锱鲱^？ 考點(diǎn)四：系動(dòng)詞 系 動(dòng) 詞 例 句

35、 appear（顯得），be（是），become（變成），fall（落入），feel（感覺(jué)），get（成為），go（變得），grow（變得），keep（保持），look（看上去），prove（證明），remain（還是），seem（似乎），smell（嗅），sound（聽起來(lái)），stay（保持），taste（嘗起來(lái)），turn（變成） It is very hot today. 今天很熱。 That music sounds great. 那音樂(lè)聽起來(lái)妙極了。 Roy went bright red. 羅伊滿臉通紅。 He often became very excitedduring

36、 these readings. 在閱讀時(shí)，他經(jīng)常很興奮。 As he grew older, his songs became more humorous and optimistic. 隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，他的歌變得更加風(fēng)趣、樂(lè)觀了。 But today the government seems to be winning the battle. 但如今政府似乎就要贏得這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)了。 考點(diǎn)五：助動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其含義和句子功能可分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（Notional Verbs）和助動(dòng)詞。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞意義完全，能夠獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，而助動(dòng)詞本身無(wú)詞匯意義或意義不完全，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。試比較：

37、 The boy does his homework every day. 那個(gè)男孩每天都做家庭作業(yè)。（does為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，作謂語(yǔ)，是do的第三人稱單數(shù)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式） The boy doesn’t do his homework on Saturday evenings. 那個(gè)男孩星期六晚上不做家庭作業(yè)。（does為助動(dòng)詞，不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，doesn’t與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do一起構(gòu)成第三人稱單數(shù)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定形式） 助動(dòng)詞常與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起用來(lái)構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣、否定和疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)以及表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的各種情態(tài)。助動(dòng)詞可分為時(shí)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞、do助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞三種。情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞又稱作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，下一單元

38、將作詳細(xì)論述。 助動(dòng) 詞 例 句 時(shí)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞（be, have, will / would, shall / should，可用來(lái)構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣） I am having breakfast. 我正在吃早飯。 We will go to Africa first. 我們將先去非洲。 Once the fire was going, he laid stones in it. 火一旦著起來(lái)，他就把石頭放進(jìn)去。 Claire told Tony that the guests would be arriving soon. 克萊爾告訴托尼客人們很快就要到了

39、。 The modern Olympic Games were held in 1896, in Athens. 現(xiàn)代奧運(yùn)會(huì)于1896年首次在雅典舉行。 We would have won if Jack had scored that goal. 如果杰克踢進(jìn)了那個(gè)球，我們就會(huì)得冠了。 do助動(dòng)詞（do可構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句和否定句，還可表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或代替前面動(dòng)詞以避免重復(fù)） Do you find homework tiring and boring? 你覺(jué)得家庭作業(yè)枯燥乏味嗎？ We don’t have the same work hours that office worke

40、rs in the city have. 我們的工作時(shí)間和城市里的辦公室職員不一樣。 Oh, do buy a flower. 哦，買一支花吧。 As you can see, I did escape. 如你所知，我的確得救了。 Walking and riding your bike count, and so do school sports. 步行和騎自行車算，校內(nèi)的體育活動(dòng)也算。 We’ll be living in houses and flats just as we do today. 我們將同今天一樣生活在房子或公寓里。 小貼士： 時(shí)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞shall

41、 / should只用于第一人稱，較正式，當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)多代之以will / would，尤其在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)里。例如：I shall / will come tomorrow. 考點(diǎn)六：短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 動(dòng) 詞 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 add add to增加 增進(jìn)?，add up to 加起來(lái)是，所有這一切說(shuō)明 break break away from? 逃脫，擺脫，破除，break in 強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入，插話 break into 強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入，突然開始?，break down 身體垮了，（計(jì)劃）失敗，（機(jī)器等）壞了，break out? 爆發(fā)，突然發(fā)生，break up 散會(huì)，（會(huì)議）結(jié)束，學(xué)期結(jié)束，br

42、eak off 中斷，斷絕 bring bring in 收莊稼，提出，bring out 說(shuō)明，出版，bring up 提出，撫養(yǎng)，培養(yǎng)，bring back 使回想起，bring about 引起，實(shí)現(xiàn)，使發(fā)生，bring down 使下降，使倒下 call call at 停留，停靠?，call for邀約某人，索取，call in 來(lái)訪，找（請(qǐng)）來(lái)，收回，call off 取消，call on 拜訪，號(hào)召，call out大聲叫，請(qǐng)去，call up給……打電話，征召（入伍） come come about? （某情況）發(fā)生，come across 碰到，come alon

43、g? 一道去，趕快，生長(zhǎng)，進(jìn)行，come in 進(jìn)來(lái)（站），存在，come down? 下降，下落；傳下來(lái)， come for? 來(lái)拿，來(lái)取，come? from 出身于，來(lái)自，come out 出版，開花，come to? 來(lái)到（某地），合計(jì)；蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)，come up??走過(guò)來(lái)，出現(xiàn) cut cut down 消減，壓縮，縮短，cut off?? 切斷，斷絕，cut out 刪（?。┑?，戒掉 get get along? 進(jìn)行，相處，get back回來(lái)，找回，get down記下來(lái)，打下來(lái)，get over 克服，get on 上（火車等），相處，進(jìn)行，get off 下（火車等）

44、；不懲罰，?get out? 拔出，洗掉，傳出去?，get rid of 消滅，擺脫，除掉，get up? 起床，起，get to 到達(dá)，get round 傳開，get in touch with 和……取得聯(lián)系 give give in 屈服，讓步，投降，give off? 散發(fā)出，give out? 分發(fā)，用完，give up放棄 go go against 違反，go? ahead進(jìn)行，進(jìn)展，先走，干吧，說(shuō)吧，go all out全力以赴，go down 下降，減弱，go in for 從事，go off 爆炸，go on 繼續(xù)下去，發(fā)生，進(jìn)行，go out 熄滅，go ove

45、r 審閱，檢查，go round??夠用，夠分配，go down on one’s knees 屈膝下跪 have have a word with 和……講句話，had better? 最好，have a good time過(guò)得很好have on? 穿著，have to do with和……有關(guān)系 hear hear about 聽到，聽說(shuō)，hear from 接到……的信，從……聽到，hear of 聽說(shuō) hold hold back 阻礙，阻止，hold down 控制，鎮(zhèn)壓，hold on? 別掛（電話），支持下去，hold out 維持，堅(jiān)持 keep keep of

46、f 防止，擋住?? keep on? 繼續(xù)干，keep up with 趕上，不落在后面，?keep (sth./sb.)out?? 不使……進(jìn)入，keep in touch with和……保持聯(lián)系，keep one’s word 守信，遵守諾言 know know about 了解，知道……的情況，know from 區(qū)分，know of 聽說(shuō)過(guò)，知道（有……），be known as? 被稱為，是有名的?，be known for 因……而出名 be known to all 眾所周知 look look after 照顧，look as if 看起來(lái)似乎，look back 回想

47、，回顧，look for 尋找 look into? 調(diào)查，了解，研究，look like?? 看起來(lái)像，look on 旁觀 look out??注意 look on … as 把……看作，認(rèn)為，look round? 到外看看，來(lái)訪，look through 翻閱，瀏覽，look up?? 查找，look down upon看不起，look forward to 盼望，期待? lose lose oneself 迷失方向，be lost in 消失在……中，be lost in thought 陷入沉思，lose heart 失去信心 pass pass away

48、 去世，pass down 傳下，pass on 談下一個(gè)問(wèn)題 pay pay attention to 注意，pay a visit to (a call on ) 拜訪，訪問(wèn)，pay back? 償還，報(bào)復(fù)，pay for 付……款，償還，pay off 還清 pick pick out 挑選，找出，pick up 拾起，順便用車來(lái)接，學(xué)會(huì) put put down 寫下來(lái)，鎮(zhèn)壓，put into practice 執(zhí)行，實(shí)行，put off? 延期，put on 穿上，戴上，put out? 撲滅，出版，put through 接通電話，put up 舉起，安裝，蓋起，張貼，

49、put up for the night 住宿，put up with?? 忍受，put to death 處死，put into 譯成 run run across? 碰到，遇到，run away 跑掉，逃跑，run down?? 撞到，run for 競(jìng)選，run into??碰到（困難），遇到（某人），run out of 用完（某物） see see sb. off? 送行，see through 看透，識(shí)破 send send down? 使降低，send for 派人去請(qǐng)，send in? 交上去?，send off 送行，send out? 發(fā)出（光亮等），send

50、 up? 發(fā)射 set set about? 開始（著手）做某事，set back （把表）往回?fù)?，set an example樹立榜樣，set down 放下，寫下，記下，set fire to? 放火燒，set off 動(dòng)身 set out? 動(dòng)身，出發(fā)，著手，開始 make make one’s living 謀生，make fun和……開玩笑（耍弄），make use of 利用，make out?? 理解，看清楚，假裝，make sure 核實(shí)，一定要，弄清楚，make up? 構(gòu)成，編寫，彌補(bǔ)，化裝，補(bǔ)（課），make up one’s mind??下決心，make ro

51、om for 騰出地方，make way for 讓路 take take away? 拿走，take back 收回，take care?? 注意，當(dāng)心，take care of 照顧，負(fù)責(zé)，take charge of? 負(fù)責(zé)，take down 記下，take for granted? 想當(dāng)然，take hold of 抓住，take interest in?? 對(duì)……發(fā)生興趣，take it easy別緊張，take off???? 起飛，脫下（衣服等），take office就職，take on?雇用，招收，呈現(xiàn)（新面貌） take one’s seat 坐下

52、，坐好，take out? 拿出來(lái)，take part in 參加，take pride in? 為……感到驕傲，take the place of 代替，take turns???輪流，take up 選學(xué)；占去（時(shí)間或空間） try try on??試穿，try out??試驗(yàn)，試用，try one’s best盡力，竭盡全力 turn turn back? 往回走，使……倒轉(zhuǎn)，turn down 把（收音機(jī)等）開小一些，turn in?? 上交，上床睡覺(jué)，turn on 開（收音機(jī)，燈等），turn off? 關(guān)（收音機(jī)，燈等），turn out 生產(chǎn)，制造；結(jié)果（是），turn

53、 over 移交，翻閱，考慮，細(xì)想?，turn to 向……求助，翻到，turn up　出現(xiàn)；（把收音機(jī)）開大一點(diǎn)聲 ????????????? 考點(diǎn)七：動(dòng)詞辨義 易混動(dòng)詞 辨義 例句 cure 與 treat cure 通常強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，指治愈疾??；而 treat 則通常強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程，指對(duì)病人進(jìn)行診斷和治療，但不含治好的意思。 This medicine will cure your cough. 這藥可治好你的咳嗽。 Which doctor is treating you for your illness? 哪個(gè)醫(yī)生在給你看病?

54、The doctors cured her of cancer. 醫(yī)生治好了她的癌癥。 affect, effect, influence affect是及物動(dòng)詞，著重影響的動(dòng)作，既可指好影響，也可指不良影響；effect為名詞，affect＝have an effect on；?influence可用作及物動(dòng)詞或名詞，主要指對(duì)行為、性格、觀點(diǎn)等產(chǎn)生間接的或潛移默化的影響 The news did not affect her at all. ＝The news had no effect on her at all. 這條消息對(duì)她沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)影響。 The Chinese so

55、ciety was influenced by these ideas of Confucius’s for more than 2,000 years. 中國(guó)社會(huì)受孔子思想的影響達(dá)2000多年。 It’s clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso. 她的畫顯然受了畢加索的影響。 used to, be used to do, be / get / become used to (doing) sth. used to 表示過(guò)去常做某事，現(xiàn)在不這么做了；be used to doing表示習(xí)慣于做某事，若表達(dá)逐漸習(xí)慣的

56、過(guò)程，常將be換成get或become；be used to do表示用來(lái)做某事；used to 構(gòu)成否定式和疑問(wèn)式時(shí)通常有兩種方式：即借助助動(dòng)詞did 或直接將used 用作助動(dòng)詞。 I used to get up early. 我過(guò)去常早起。 I’m used to getting up early. 我習(xí)慣于早起。 A hammer is used to drive nails. 錘子是用來(lái)釘釘子的。 I’m sure I’ll get used to the hard work. 我相信我會(huì)習(xí)慣這艱苦工作的。 You used to go there, used

57、n’t / didn’t you? 你過(guò)去常到那兒去，是嗎? cost, spend, take 三者均可表示“花費(fèi)”，通常句型為：sth costs (sb) money 某物花某人多少錢；it costs (sb) money to do sth 做某事花某人多少錢；sb spends time (money) on sth 某人在某一方面花多少錢；sb spends time (money) in [on] doing sth 某人在做某事方面花多少錢；it takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb

58、to do sth 做某事花某人多少時(shí)間或錢；sth takes sb time (money) to do 某事花某人多少時(shí)間或錢去做；sb takes time (moeny) to do 某人花多少時(shí)間或錢去做某事。用于以上意義時(shí)，cost和 take不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而 spend 則可以用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。另外 cost 指付出代價(jià)（勞力、麻煩、精力、生命等）；take 表示需要人力（精力、勞力等）。 The computer cost (me) $2,000. 這部電腦花了(我) 2 000 美元。(= I paid $2,000 for the computer) I spen

59、t $2,000 on the computer. 我花2 000 美元買了這部電腦。 Two hours was spent on the work. 做這工作花了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 How much did it cost to build the subway? 建這條地鐵花了多少錢? It took her two hours to walk to the station. 走路去車站花了她兩小時(shí)。 He spends much time (money) on books. 他花了很多時(shí)間讀（錢買）書。 It takes two to make a quarrel. 一個(gè)

60、巴掌拍不響。 Careless driving will cost you your life. 粗心開車會(huì)要你的命。 It takes patience. 做這工作需要耐心。 appear, look, seem look 指視覺(jué)印象，appear 指外表給人的印象。這兩者可能是真象也可能是假象，appear 的不確定性更大一些。seem側(cè)重指根據(jù)某種跡象作出的推斷，也不一定是事實(shí) He looks / seems like a fool. 他看起來(lái)像個(gè)大傻瓜。 He seems /appears (to be) very tired. 他好像很累了。(=It s

61、eems / appears that he is very tired. 他似乎很累了。) He seems / appears to have travelled a lot. 他似乎去過(guò)不少地方。 It looks / seems / appears as if he has lost interest in his job. 看來(lái)他對(duì)自己的工作已失去了興趣。 agree with, agree to, agree on agree with表示同意某人或某人的意見、想法、分析、解釋等（即持同一觀點(diǎn)），還可表示“（食物、天氣、工作等）對(duì)……適宜”， 另外還表示“與……一致”；

62、 agree to主要用來(lái)表示一方提出一項(xiàng)建議、安排、計(jì)劃等，另一方同意協(xié)作，其后既可接動(dòng)詞原形（此時(shí)to是不定式符號(hào)），也可接動(dòng)名詞（一般有邏輯主語(yǔ)，此時(shí) to是介詞）；agree on / upon主要指雙方通過(guò)協(xié)商而取得一致意見或達(dá)成協(xié)議。 I don’t agree with you. 我不同意你的意見。 I don’t agree with your idea. 我不同意你的想法。 I don’t agree with what you say. 我不同意你說(shuō)的。 The climate here does not agree with me. 我不適應(yīng)這里的氣候

63、。 Hard work does not agree with her. 艱苦的工作對(duì)她不適宜。 What he does does not agree with what he says. 他言行不一致。 We agreed to their arrangement. 我們同意了他們的安排。 She agreed to marriage. 她同意結(jié)婚。 He agreed to go with us. 他同意同我們?nèi)ァ? Mary’s parents never agreed to her marrying him. 瑪麗的父母親從沒(méi)同意她嫁給他。 We agre

64、ed on the price. 我們就價(jià)格達(dá)成了一致意見。 Both sides agreed on these terms. 雙方都同意這些條件。 allow與permit allow 通常指消極地不加反對(duì)，有時(shí)含有聽任或默許之意，為普通用詞；而permit 通常指上級(jí)、規(guī)則或法令等表示的準(zhǔn)許，比較正式。兩者后接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，均要用動(dòng)名詞形式，而不能用不定式；若是其后接賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)則須接不定式。 Nothing is permitted; everything is allowed. 一切都沒(méi)明文規(guī)定可以做，但一切做了也無(wú)妨。 The nurse allowed him t

65、o remain there, though it was not permitted. 護(hù)士讓他留在那兒，而按規(guī)定那是不許可的。 We don’t allow / permit swimming in the pool. 我們不許在池子里游泳。 We don’t allow /permit children to swim in the pool. 我們不許孩子們?cè)诔刈永镉斡尽? People are not allowed / permitted to smoke in public places. 禁止人們?cè)诠矆?chǎng)所吸煙。 Time permitting, I will visit the tiny island. 時(shí)間允許的話，我將去參觀一下那個(gè)小島。