（新課標(biāo)）2020屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專(zhuān)題一 語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ) 考點(diǎn)九 定語(yǔ)從句（含解析）

《（新課標(biāo)）2020屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專(zhuān)題一 語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ) 考點(diǎn)九 定語(yǔ)從句（含解析）》由會(huì)員分享，可在線(xiàn)閱讀，更多相關(guān)《（新課標(biāo)）2020屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專(zhuān)題一 語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ) 考點(diǎn)九 定語(yǔ)從句（含解析）（16頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、考點(diǎn)九　定語(yǔ)從句 限時(shí)25分鐘 一、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．A football fan is a person ________ has a strong interest in football． 答案：who/that　句意：足球迷是對(duì)足球有強(qiáng)烈興趣的人。分析句子成分可知，此處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞，指人可用who/that。 2．Is there anyone in your class ________ family is in the country? 答案：whose　此處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為anyone。whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)fa

2、mily的定語(yǔ)。 3．I shall never forget those years ________ I lived on the farm with the farmers． 答案：when　句意：我永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記和農(nóng)民們一起住在農(nóng)場(chǎng)的那些年。years是表示時(shí)間的名詞，且從句中不缺少主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，故用when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 4．We all know that this is the second book ________ he has ever written． 答案：that　句意：我們都知道這是他曾經(jīng)寫(xiě)的第二本書(shū)。當(dāng)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，要用

3、that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 5．________ is often the case in India, foreign firms will face big barriers． 答案：As　此處為as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，as在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指代逗號(hào)后面整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。 6．Those ________ have six or more close friends are described as “very happy”． 答案：who　句意：那些有六個(gè)或更多親密朋友的人常被認(rèn)為是非常幸福的。先行詞為those (指人)時(shí)，常用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)。 7．

4、Michel Crozier, with ________ help Daisy passed the exam, was one of the straight A students of the school． 答案：whose　句意：米歇爾·克羅澤是學(xué)校全優(yōu)生之一，在他的幫助下黛西通過(guò)了考試。根據(jù)題干結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知，本句中含有一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為Michel Crozier，并且與從句中的名詞help之間構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系，故用關(guān)系代詞whose。 8．The boy, of ________ the hair is red, is my brother． 答案：whom　句意

5、：有著紅色頭發(fā)的男孩是我哥哥。of whom the hair＝the hair of whom＝whose hair。 9．They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ________ sat a small boy． 答案：which　in front of which還原即in front of the farmhouse。關(guān)系代詞which指代先行詞the farmhouse。 10．In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ________ are women． 答案：wh

6、om　two thirds of whom即two thirds of the 2,000 workers。關(guān)系詞在從句中作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，因此用賓格whom。 11．It is such a good book ________ I want to buy immediately． 答案：as　根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句含有一個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為a good book，并且從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，又由于先行詞被such修飾，故關(guān)系代詞只能用as。 12．Our life has reached the stage ________ we should decide what to do an

7、d how to do it by ourselves． 答案：where　句意：我們的人生已經(jīng)走到了應(yīng)該獨(dú)立決定該做什么和如何去做的階段了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句中含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞the stage作為抽象地點(diǎn)，并且從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，因此應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where。 13．I don't know the reason ________ he came so late． 答案：why　句意：我不知道他來(lái)得那么晚的原因。先行詞為the reason，且定語(yǔ)從句中缺少原因狀語(yǔ)，故用why。 14．Suddenly I heard a man shouting at a driver

8、, ________ car was blocking the street． 答案：whose　句意：突然我聽(tīng)到一個(gè)人對(duì)一個(gè)司機(jī)喊了起來(lái)，那個(gè)司機(jī)的車(chē)擋住了街道。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作car的定語(yǔ)，修飾先行詞a driver。 15．The way ________ he looks at problems is wrong． 答案：(that/in which)　先行詞是the way，且定語(yǔ)從句中缺少方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞可以是that, in which或者省略。 16．They talked about the persons and things ______

9、__ they remembered at school． 答案：that　當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。 17．I want to use the same tools ________ were used in your factory a few days ago． 答案：as　as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)通常構(gòu)成such ．．． as或the same ．．． as結(jié)構(gòu)，其中such和the same修飾其后的名詞，as為關(guān)系代詞，指代其前的名詞并引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。as在從句中作主語(yǔ)。 18．We climbed up to the top of a hill, ___

10、_____ we got a good view of the whole forest park． 答案：where　句意：我們爬上了山頂，在那里我們可以看到整個(gè)森林公園的美景。此處the top of a hill是先行詞，指地點(diǎn)，后面的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，缺一個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故填where。 19．In the dark street, there wasn't a single person ________ whom she could turn for help． 答案：to　定語(yǔ)從句中使用了固定短語(yǔ)“turn to sb． for help”，意為“向某人求助”。

11、根據(jù)固定短語(yǔ)的搭配應(yīng)用介詞to。 20．Have you ever been in a situation ________ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him? 答案：where　句意：你是否曾經(jīng)處于一種你知道另一個(gè)人是對(duì)的，但你卻不能同意他的看法的境況？分析句子可知，句中的先行詞為situation，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系副詞where。 21．One theory, ________ suggested by Harvard University, is that human

12、s began cooking their food, thereby releasing nutrients locked in the raw food and reducing the time needed to chew it． 答案：as　句意：正如哈佛大學(xué)所研究的一樣，一項(xiàng)理論表明，人類(lèi)開(kāi)始通過(guò)烹飪食物來(lái)釋放生食物內(nèi)部的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分，以此減少咀嚼所需的時(shí)間。as在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，有“正如”之意，指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。 22．What sets human beings apart from animals is not the pursuit of happiness, b

13、ut the pursuit of meaning, ________ is unique to humans． 答案：which　句意：不是對(duì)幸福的追求而是對(duì)生命意義的追求才使得人類(lèi)與動(dòng)物不同，這是人類(lèi)獨(dú)有的特征。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面整句話(huà)的內(nèi)容。 23．The road construction is based on the agreement, one of ________ purposes is to ensure its completion on time． 答案：whose　句意：道路建設(shè)是以協(xié)議為基礎(chǔ)的，協(xié)議的一個(gè)目的是確保道路建設(shè)按時(shí)完工。在定

14、語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系代詞whose。 24．Particular scents also have an effect: diners ________ got the scent of lavender (薰衣草) stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent． 答案：who　句意：特殊的氣味也會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響：聞到薰衣草氣味的就餐者會(huì)停留更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，并且比那些聞到檸檬味或者沒(méi)有聞到什么味道的人花更多的錢(qián)。who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的diners，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)。 2

15、5．More public kindergartens in ________ preschool kids can spend their fun-filled childhood will be built this year． 答案：which　句意：今年將建立更多的公立幼兒園，學(xué)前兒童將在那里度過(guò)充滿(mǎn)樂(lè)趣的童年。in which＝where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，修飾先行詞more public kindergartens。 26．Youth is regarded by many people as a time in their life ________ fun,

16、 passion, and imagination seem limitless． 答案：when　句意：青年時(shí)期被許多人視為他們生命中一段似乎充滿(mǎn)無(wú)限歡樂(lè)、激情和想象力的時(shí)光。設(shè)空處所填詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞a time，關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，表時(shí)間，故填when。 27．Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position． 答案：that　句意：請(qǐng)寄給我們所有關(guān)于這個(gè)職位候選人的信息。本句中含有一個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞all the informa

17、tion。先行詞被all, the only, next等修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。 28．The river, ________ runs through the center of the city, brings us lots of pleasure． 答案：which　句意：這條河流經(jīng)市中心，它帶給我們很多快樂(lè)。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指代先行詞the river，故用which。 29．Whichever method you choose, keep in mind the reasons ________ you are learning t

18、he language． 答案：why　句意：不管你選用哪種方法，一定要牢記你學(xué)習(xí)這門(mén)語(yǔ)言的原因。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，________ you are learning the language為定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為the reasons，設(shè)空處在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞why。 30．She suggests another approach, one, I think, ________ suits us better． 答案：that　“I think”為插入語(yǔ)；設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為不定代詞one，這種情況只能用that而不用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 二、單句改錯(cuò) 1

19、．We still remember the days on which we spent in the old house． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：去掉on　關(guān)系代詞which在從句中作spent的賓語(yǔ)，因此去掉介詞on。 2．Jim doesn't like the way which I deal with the question． ___________________________________________________________

20、_____________ 答案：which→that或去掉which或which前加in　先行詞是the way，且定語(yǔ)從句中缺少方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞可以是that, in which或省略。故把which改為that或去掉which或在which前加in。 3．Nancy enjoyed herself very much last week where she visited her friends in Sydney． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：w

21、here→when　先行詞last week是表示時(shí)間的名詞，且定語(yǔ)從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，因此用關(guān)系副詞when來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 4．That scientist whose the work is successful has been made a model worker． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：去掉the　該定語(yǔ)從句中名詞work前缺少定語(yǔ)，故用whose引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。whose與the不能同時(shí)使用，故去掉the。 5．The Voice of Ch

22、ina has set up a stage which some people can achieve their dreams． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：which→where　先行詞stage意為“舞臺(tái)”，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，因此用關(guān)系副詞where。 6．They talked for about an hour of incidents, most of them happened recently． _____________________

23、___________________________________________________ 答案：them→which　兩個(gè)句子之間沒(méi)有連詞連接，應(yīng)該把代詞them改為具有連接作用的關(guān)系代詞。介詞of后指物的關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用which。 7．That day, what I am looking forwards to, is around the corner． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：what→which　本句中含有一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞在從

24、句中作賓語(yǔ)且先行詞是that day，因此用關(guān)系代詞which。what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 8．My friend showed me around the town, where was very kind of him． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：where→which　非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which，指代前面提到的整件事情。 9．Which we know, China is a country with a long history．

25、 ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Which→As　which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，一般跟在主句之后，所以此處應(yīng)用As。as we know “正如我們所知道的”。 10．They told me they had just arrived at the last destination where you went to last year． ______________________________________________________________

26、__________ 答案：where→that　句意：他們告訴我，他們剛剛到達(dá)了最后一個(gè)目的地，這個(gè)地方是你去年去過(guò)的。該句中含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為destination，關(guān)系詞在從句中作went to的賓語(yǔ)；先行詞被“the last”修飾，故只能用that引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。 11．Soon children in the summer camp had many new friends, to whom they shared food, stories, and projects． ________________________________________________

27、________________________ 答案：to→with　句意：夏令營(yíng)里的孩子們很快就有了許多新朋友，他們一起分享食物、故事和專(zhuān)題研究。share sth． with sb．意為“和某人分享某物”。 12．SpellingBee is a contest which competitors, usually children, are asked to spell as many words as possible． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：w

28、hich→where　句意：SpellingBee是一種拼寫(xiě)比賽，通常孩子們被要求拼寫(xiě)出盡可能多的單詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此句中含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，contest是先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，因此，用where作引導(dǎo)詞。 13．The subway was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of them carried heavy bags and baskets full of fruits and vegetables they had bought there． _____________________

29、___________________________________________________ 答案：them→whom　句意：地鐵擠滿(mǎn)了購(gòu)物完回家的人們，其中大部分人手上拎著裝滿(mǎn)從市場(chǎng)買(mǎi)的水果蔬菜的包和籃子。逗號(hào)后為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，由“介詞＋whom”引導(dǎo)。 14．After visiting Harbin, most of the foreign friends said they would never forget the time when they had spent． ________________________________________________

30、________________________ 答案：when→that/which　句意：在參觀過(guò)哈爾濱之后，大多數(shù)外國(guó)友人都說(shuō)，他們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記在那里度過(guò)的那段時(shí)光。分析句式可知，先行詞為the time，從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用which或that來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 15．Is this the reason why he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? ________________________________________________________________________

31、 答案：去掉why或why→that/which　句意：這就是那個(gè)他在會(huì)上解釋的工作上粗心的原因嗎？reason作先行詞時(shí)，如關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，用why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；如果關(guān)系詞作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則用that/which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。在本題中關(guān)系詞作賓語(yǔ)，因此，也可以省略引導(dǎo)詞that/which。 定語(yǔ)從句(一) 一、關(guān)系詞的用法 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞(也稱(chēng)為引導(dǎo)詞)包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩類(lèi)。關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中起連接作用，同時(shí)代替先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)成分。 The work that/which has just been finishe

32、d is very important． She is the girl who/that lives next door． This is the house whose window broke last night． Tom was late for work again this morning, which made the boss angry． As is known to all, China is the biggest developing country in the world． I still remember the day when/on_which

33、I first came to this school． This is the small village where/in_which he was born． The reason why/for_which he refused the invitation is not clear． 注意：①關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略，但作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能省略；②關(guān)系副詞一般可用“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”來(lái)代替。 二、只能用關(guān)系代詞that的幾種情況 1．當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。 They are talking about the director and his films that I li

34、ke best． 2．當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾，或先行詞本身就是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)。 It is the best film that I have ever seen． 3．當(dāng)先行詞被the only/the very/the right/the last/just等詞修飾時(shí)。 This is the only book that is worth reading． 4．當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞，或先行詞被不定代詞修飾時(shí)。 Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said? 5．當(dāng)主句是以which或who開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。

35、Who is the man that is standing there? 三、只能用關(guān)系代詞which的幾種情況 1．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中指物的關(guān)系代詞只能用which(指人時(shí)用whom)。 This is the school in_which I studied 10 years ago． 2．在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中指物的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。 The meeting was put off, which was actually what we wanted． 限時(shí)25分鐘 一、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2019·廣東省深圳市高級(jí)中學(xué)高三年級(jí)月考)Find gro

36、up activities ________ you can be with people who share your interests． 答案：where　句意：找到一些小組活動(dòng)，你可以和那些和你有同樣興趣的人在一起。先行詞是activities，表抽象的地點(diǎn)，從句中不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，而是缺地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 2．(2019·廣東省深圳市南山區(qū)高三上學(xué)期入學(xué)摸底考試)I had to stay and fight this rule again for girls ________ want to play football． 答案：who/th

37、at　句意：我不得不留下來(lái)為那些想踢足球的女孩們?cè)俅畏纯惯@個(gè)規(guī)定。先行詞是girls，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故填who/that。 3．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program ________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7．7 million to

38、ns． 答案：that/which　設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，前面的“a soil-testing program”是指物的先行詞，故填that/which。 4．(2018·北京高考)She and her family bicycle to work, ________ helps them keep fit． 答案：which　句意：她和家人騎自行車(chē)去上班，這幫助他們保持健康。分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指代前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，故用which。 5．(2018·天津高考)Kate, ________ sister I shared a

39、 room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia． 答案：whose　句意：凱特已經(jīng)去澳大利亞工作了。我們?cè)诖髮W(xué)的時(shí)候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行詞為Kate，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作名詞sister的定語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系代詞whose。 6．(2018·江蘇高考)Self-driving is an area ________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line． 答案：where　句意：自動(dòng)駕駛是一個(gè)中國(guó)和世界

40、其他國(guó)家都在同一起跑線(xiàn)的領(lǐng)域。句中先行詞為area，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系副詞where，相當(dāng)于in which。 7．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)I arrived early at Byron Bay ________ we were supposed to meet． 答案：where　句意：我們?cè)缭绲氐竭_(dá)了Byron海灣，我們應(yīng)該在那里相見(jiàn)。where指代先行詞Byron Bay，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 8．(2018·浙江高考)Then I got to the point ________ I was staying up really late at nig

41、ht to get my work done． 答案：where　句意：接著我到達(dá)了這樣的一個(gè)地步：我熬夜一直到深夜來(lái)完成任務(wù)。point在此表抽象地點(diǎn)，故用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。 9．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl ________ mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness． 答案：whose　句意：因

42、為我們的努力，我們的女兒?jiǎn)讨蝸喌拇_決定把一大袋子玩具捐獻(xiàn)給一個(gè)女孩，她的母親因?yàn)榧膊](méi)有錢(qián)讓她度假。whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的先行詞girl，作后面mother的定語(yǔ)。 10．(2018·北京高考)Now Mr Anderson has set up an online campaign to donate money for Mr Smith and other homeless people in the area, ________ by yesterday had received ￡8,000． 答案：which　句意：現(xiàn)在安德森先生發(fā)起了一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)動(dòng)給史密斯和本地區(qū)其

43、他無(wú)家可歸的人們捐款，到昨天為止已經(jīng)收到了8,000英鎊。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的an online campaign，故填which。 11．(2018·天津高考)One chilly night ________ I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream． 答案：when　前面的night是一個(gè)表時(shí)間的名詞，空格后面的句子不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故填when。 12．(2018

44、·浙江高考)Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out． 答案：who/that　空格處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞westerners，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以用who/that。 13．(2019·廣西省桂林市第十八中學(xué)高三月考)Just as I was in the middle of my descent (下降), a gentleman entered the main

45、 entrance ________ was right in front of the staircase． 答案：which/that　句意：當(dāng)我正在下樓梯的時(shí)候，一位男士進(jìn)入通道，而通道口剛好在樓梯前面。修飾先行詞entrance，雖然entrance表示“入口處”有地點(diǎn)的意味，但是從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故填which/that。 14．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes

46、 a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes． 答案：that/which　此處是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的先行詞a study，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，所以用that/which。 15．(2018·貴州省貴陽(yáng)市高三適應(yīng)性考試)Don't fall into a situation ________ one person is always cleaning up． 答案：where　先行詞是表地點(diǎn)的抽象名詞situation, where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾situation

47、，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。 16．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)This trend, ________ was started by the medical community (醫(yī)學(xué)界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease． 答案：which　先行詞為this trend，且非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故用which引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。 17．(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)But my connection with p

48、andas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ________ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild． 答案：when　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系副詞when。 18．(2017·江蘇高考)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food P

49、rogramme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve world wide starvation． 答案：whose　句意：聯(lián)合國(guó)在1963年成立了世界糧食計(jì)劃署，該組織的一個(gè)宗旨是減輕世界范圍內(nèi)的饑餓程度。此處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)閃orld Food Programme與purposes之間構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系，故用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)。 19．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, ________ there were fewer humans

50、around． 答案：where　句意：他們一直朝北前行直到加拿大的深山老林之中，那兒人跡罕至。先行詞為the deep forests，且定語(yǔ)從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where。 20．(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC, influenced the development of chopsticks． 答案：who　句意：一些人認(rèn)為生活在大約公元前551年到479年之間的中國(guó)的偉大學(xué)者

51、孔子影響了筷子的發(fā)展進(jìn)程。所填詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指人，所以填who。 21．(2016·北京高考)I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise． 答案：whose　句意：我住在一對(duì)夫妻的隔壁，他們家的孩子們總是很喧鬧。此處用關(guān)系詞whose在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)修飾children。 22．(2018·河南豫南九校質(zhì)檢)No one had tried to understand what the real problem was except the headmast

52、er, ________ helped me out simply by listening and hugging． 答案：who　句意：除了校長(zhǎng)外，沒(méi)人試圖知道真正的問(wèn)題是什么。她只是通過(guò)傾聽(tīng)和擁抱就幫我從困境中解脫出來(lái)。設(shè)空前為逗號(hào)，由此可知設(shè)空處應(yīng)為引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。將先行詞代入定語(yǔ)從句可知，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，且先行詞指人，故填who。 23．(2018·河南八市重點(diǎn)高中質(zhì)檢)The sharks followed the warm currents ________ may have changed northward during this perio

53、d． 答案：that/which　句意：這些鯊魚(yú)跟隨著在這段時(shí)間可能已經(jīng)改為向北的暖流。先行詞為the warm currents，指物，且關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填that/which。 24．(2016·天津高考)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________ the weather may be better． 答案：when　句意：我們將公園的野餐推遲到下周，那時(shí)天氣可能更好?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞next week，故用when引導(dǎo)。 25．(20

54、16·天津高考)When walking down the street, I came across David, ________ I hadn't seen for years． 答案：whom　先行詞為David，且非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，故填whom。 26．(2016·四川高考)One important biological factor ________ helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women． 答案：that/which　先行詞為factor，指物，且定語(yǔ)

55、從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用that/which引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。 27．(2016·天津高考)I wrote down all the reasons ________ this problem could not be solved． 答案：why　句意：我寫(xiě)下了問(wèn)題不能得以解決的所有原因。先行詞為reasons，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少原因狀語(yǔ)，故填why。 28．(2018·合肥質(zhì)檢)The mother thanked the young man again and again, without ________ help her son would have been killed by

56、 the passing car． 答案：whose　句意：這位母親一次又一次地感謝這個(gè)年輕人，如果沒(méi)有他的幫助，她的兒子就被經(jīng)過(guò)的汽車(chē)撞亡。分析句子成分可知，此處應(yīng)用whose修飾名詞help，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 29．(2018·綿陽(yáng)三校聯(lián)考)Peter talked about the books and teachers ________ influenced him greatly in the school． 答案：that　先行詞為the books and teachers，先行詞既有人又有物，所以用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 30．(2018·陜西渭南模擬)I

57、'm sorry not to have replied to your letter earlier, for ________， I must say, I apologize． 答案：which　句意：很抱歉沒(méi)能早點(diǎn)給你回信，對(duì)此我必須道歉。關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)for的賓語(yǔ)，指“not to have replied to your letter earlier”這件事，應(yīng)用which。 二、單句改錯(cuò) 1．(2016·四川高考)The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite． ________________________________

58、________________________________________ 答案：what→that/which或去掉what　句意：我做的菜是媽媽最喜歡的。關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用that/which或省略關(guān)系詞。 2．(2018·重慶模擬)I can't find my diary, what is a real headache for me． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：what→which　what不能用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。由逗號(hào)可知，逗號(hào)后的

59、句子為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，which指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容，在從句中作主語(yǔ)。 3．(2019·長(zhǎng)春市實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)期末)We are talking about one of the most interesting devices which allow people to deal with lots of aspects of their lives． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：which→that　先行詞devices前面有最高級(jí)the most inte

60、resting，所以使用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，故將which改為that。 4．(2019·山東臨沂一模)First, you can gain more knowledge about history, that will enrich your life greatly． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：that→which　句意：首先你可以獲得更多的歷史知識(shí)，這將極大地豐富你的生活。逗號(hào)后為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故將that改為which。 5

61、．(2018·周口模擬)That is the farm that I spent my childhood． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：第二個(gè)that→where　先行詞為the farm，定語(yǔ)從句中缺地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 6．(2018·成都月考)The letter that I opened it wasn't for me． ___________________________________________________

62、_____________________ 答案：去掉it　關(guān)系代詞that替代先行詞the letter，在定語(yǔ)從句中作open的賓語(yǔ)，故將多余的it去掉。 7．(2018·陜西模擬)The reason because I didn't know was that no one had told me． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：because→why　because不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，故將其改為why，修飾先行詞reason，why在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。

63、 8．(2018·南昌三校聯(lián)考)I didn't know the name of the man helped me． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：helped前加who/that　關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不能省，故應(yīng)補(bǔ)出此定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)。 9．(2018·河北調(diào)研)He was the only one of those students who were learning Chinese at that time． ___________________

64、_____________________________________________________ 答案：were→was　定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是“one of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí)，該定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；當(dāng)one由the only修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 10．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)They also had a small pond which they raised fish． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：which→where或which前加i

65、n　本句是含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，先行詞是pond，關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于in which，故將which改為where或在其前加in。 11．(2018·北京高考)Imagine a future which most adults own individual self-driving vehicles． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：which→where　句意：想象一個(gè)未來(lái)，那里很多成年人擁有自己的無(wú)人駕駛汽車(chē)。which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)

66、或賓語(yǔ)，而該從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故將which改為where。 12．(2018·全國(guó)名校聯(lián)盟模擬)Which is often the case many students tend to copy others' homework as the deadline approaches． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Which→As　句意：當(dāng)最終日期來(lái)臨的時(shí)候?qū)W生們往往抄襲他人的作業(yè)，情況往往是這樣的。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，as可放于句首、句中或主句之后，which不放在句首。 13．(2018·黑龍江高考仿真模擬)There were books in the piano room where became my parents' comfortable winter study． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：where→