2022高考英語(yǔ)新創(chuàng)新一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法 第三部分 理清常用句式 第二講 簡(jiǎn)單句與并列句學(xué)案（含解析）牛津譯林版

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1、2022高考英語(yǔ)新創(chuàng)新一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法 第三部分 理清常用句式 第二講 簡(jiǎn)單句與并列句學(xué)案（含解析）牛津譯林版 簡(jiǎn)單句　 解析：meant　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處敘述的是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情，應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填meant。 2．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, ________ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top. 解析：laying　laying和句中的digging up, building并列。 3．(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Skilled

2、workers also bine various hardwoods and metal ________ (create) special designs. 解析：to create　句意：熟練的工人還會(huì)把各種硬質(zhì)木材和金屬組合起來(lái)以創(chuàng)作獨(dú)特的樣式。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。 Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)When I was little, Friday night was our family game night ...Still I unwilling to play the games with them sometimes.____________

3、____ 解析：unwilling前加was　unwilling是形容詞，它和系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)。此處敘述“我”小時(shí)候的事情，主語(yǔ)是I，所以用was。 2．(2016·四川高考)Both Dad and I planned to do something on Mother's Day. We get up early in the morning.________________ 解析：get→got　此處描述母親節(jié)當(dāng)天的事，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。 [謹(jǐn)記規(guī)則] 簡(jiǎn)單句就是由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)(或并列謂語(yǔ))構(gòu)成的句子。簡(jiǎn)單句有五種基本句式，

4、其他各種句式都是由這五種基本句式演變而來(lái)。 基本句型一：S＋V (主＋謂) 釋義：此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。 S V (不及物動(dòng)詞) 1.Time flies. 2.The moon rose. 3.She sings beautifully. 4.They talked for half an hour. 5.He walked yesterday. [特別注意] 主語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)——定語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)——狀語(yǔ)。 The red sun rises

5、in the east.紅色的太陽(yáng)從東方升起。 基本句型二：S＋V＋O (主＋謂＋賓) 釋義：此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。 S V (及物動(dòng)詞) O (賓語(yǔ)) 1.Who knows the answer？ 2.She laughs at her. 3.They ate some apples. 4.Danny likes swimming. 5.I want to have a cup of tea. 基本句型三：S＋V＋I(xiàn)O＋DO

6、 (主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓) 釋義：此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者。 S V (及物) IO (多指人) DO (多指物) 1.She passed him a new dress. 2.She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 3.I showed him my pictures. 4.I told him how to run the machine. 5.He showed me the bus ove

7、r there. 基本句型四：S＋V＋O＋C (主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)) 釋義：此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整。 S V (及物) O (賓語(yǔ)) C (賓補(bǔ)) 1.We keep the table clean. 2.What makes him sad？ 3.We saw him out. 4.He asked me to e back soon. 5.I saw them getting on the bus. 基本句型五：S＋V＋P

8、(主＋系＋表) 釋義：此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。 S Linking-V (系動(dòng)詞) P (表語(yǔ)) 1.This is an English dictionary. 2.The dinner smells good. 3.He fell happy. 4.The book is interesting. 5.The weather became warmer. [知識(shí)拓展]　6類系動(dòng)詞 (1)狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞，用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)，只有be (am,

9、 is, are, was, were)一詞。 (2)持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞，用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand。 (3)表象系動(dòng)詞，用來(lái)表示“看起來(lái)像”這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look。 (4)感官系動(dòng)詞，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。 (5)變化系動(dòng)詞，表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，主要有bee, grow, turn, fall, get, go, e。 (6)終止系動(dòng)詞，表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove, turn out。 并列句　 [全析考法] Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)

10、法填空 1．(2016·四川高考)It was time for her to have a new baby, ________ it was also time for the young panda to be independent. 解析：and　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，“It was time for ...”和“it was also time for ...”之間是并列關(guān)系，故用and連接。 2．(2015·廣東高考)One day, the cow was eating grass ________ it began to rain heavily. 解析：when　be do

11、ing sth.when ...“正在做某事，這時(shí)突然……”。 3．(2014·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)But the river wasn't changed in a few days ________ even a few months. 解析：or　“a few days”和“a few months”之間為并列關(guān)系，且此句為否定句，因此要用or連接。 4．(2014·廣東高考)We were told that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week, ________ for the week after. 解析：but　not ...b

12、ut ...為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“不是……而是……”。 Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.________________ 解析：but→and　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示順承關(guān)系，用并列連詞and。 2．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her parag

13、raph aloud.________________ 解析：and→or　此處表示“他的或者她的”段落，應(yīng)該屬于一種選擇關(guān)系，而不是并列關(guān)系。 3．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.________________ 解析：so→but/yet　此處表示“我認(rèn)為我已經(jīng)明白了教練的指令，但是車一啟動(dòng)，腦子一片空白”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，前后分句之間不是因果關(guān)系而是

14、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 4．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)I have grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.________________ 解析： and→but　not only ...but also ...是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“不但……而且……”，連接并列成分。 5．(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.________________ 解析：or→

15、and　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，新鮮的蔬菜與高品質(zhì)的油二者之間為并列關(guān)系而非選擇關(guān)系。 6．(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)We can choose between staying at home and taking a trip.If we stay at home, it is fortable but there is no need to spend money.________________ 解析：but→and　第二句句意：我們?nèi)绻诩依?，?huì)感覺舒適，還不花錢。根據(jù)句意可知，“fortable”與“no need to spend money”之間是并列關(guān)系，而不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 [謹(jǐn)記

16、規(guī)則] 并列句由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列而又獨(dú)立的簡(jiǎn)單句構(gòu)成。在并列句中，這些簡(jiǎn)單句常由并列連詞(短語(yǔ))連在一起。 并列連詞 用法 例句 and, not only ... but (also) ..., both ... and ... 等 表并列、順承或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系 There the air is clean and the mountains are green. 那里空氣清新，千山一碧。 but, yet, whereas等 表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn't discouraged and s

17、oon got as enthusiastic as ever.這次失敗對(duì)他是個(gè)很大的打擊，但他并沒(méi)有沮喪，很快便像以前一樣充滿熱情。 or, either ... or ..., not ... but ...等 表選擇關(guān)系 Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.要么你改進(jìn)工作，要么我就辭退你。 for, so 表因果關(guān)系。for連接的分句一般不能放在句首 The leaves of the trees are falling, for it's already autumn.樹葉在墜落，因?yàn)榍锾煲呀?jīng)到了

18、。 and, or 表?xiàng)l件或結(jié)果關(guān)系，常用于句型“祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句”中 You have to move out of the way or the truck cannot get past you. 你得讓出路來(lái)，否則卡車無(wú)法從你身旁通過(guò)。 while 作為并列連詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)兩種情況的對(duì)比 I drink black coffee while he prefers it with milk. 我愛喝黑咖啡，而他更喜歡喝加牛奶的。 [特別注意]　when可用作并列連詞，相當(dāng)于and at this/that time，意為“正在這/那時(shí)；突然”，常用于下列句

19、式：sb. be about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth. when ... (某人正要做某事，突然……)；sb. be doing sth. when ... (某人正在做某事，突然……)；sb. had just done sth. when ... (某人剛做完某事，突然……)。 He was about to go out when the telephone rang. 他正要出去時(shí)，電話鈴響了。 He had just finished writing a report when the boss let him t

20、ype a letter.他剛寫完一篇報(bào)告，老板就讓他打印一封信件。 語(yǔ)法填空解題“2策略” 1．分析單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子的邏輯關(guān)系或句式結(jié)構(gòu) (1)完整的句子中，如果兩個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)并列，要填并列連詞； (2)若兩個(gè)句子(兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu))之間沒(méi)有句號(hào)或分號(hào)，也沒(méi)有連詞，空格處必定填連詞。 2．注意固定句式中的連詞 據(jù)第1條解題 1．“I didn't think of applying for Cambridge — I didn't think Cambridge University would take someone like me, but my tutor en

21、couraged me to apply，” Mr. Edwards said in a statement. 2．At school, some students are active while some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another. 3．The short road, the easy path and the light load all lead to lower grades in school life. 據(jù)第2條解題 4．Smile at life, and it will shine

22、on you. 5．We were walking side-by-side when suddenly we both sank to knee depth in the mud. 6．Follow your doctor's advice, or your cough will get worse. 短文改錯(cuò)解題“3視角” 1．根據(jù)句意、前后的邏輯關(guān)系去判斷連詞是否正確。 2．根據(jù)短語(yǔ)搭配和固定句式判斷連詞。 3．注意排查中式英語(yǔ)，如將although/though和but, because和so連用。遇到此種情況，一般刪除后面的but, so，以免影響一個(gè)句子的第一個(gè)單詞首字

23、母大寫的原則。 據(jù)第1條解題 1．I waited patiently for some time, so nobody came for it.so→but 2．As a result, he won the game but finally became famous throughout the country._but→and 3．My dear mum or dad, thank you very much for bringing me up.or→and 4．They give us lots of love and care, and we only care a

24、little for them.第二個(gè)and→but/while 5．Besides it's mon that the young or middle-aged sit on the bus when the elderly have to stand. when→while 6．Faced with pressure, and we should learn to turn it into our motive power.去掉and 據(jù)第2條解題 7．Finally, keep in mind that there are many things that can't be l

25、earnt immediately, but never be frustrated when you fail in one or two exams.but→and 8．My brother was trying to catch a butterfly while he fell into the river. while→when 9．Due to some rich tourist attractions, every year many visitors e to my hometown, where they can not only appreciate the beautiful scenery, and also enjoy the delicious food.and→but 10．I was about to be off duty then three foreigners came in.then→when 據(jù)第3條解題 11．Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area.去掉but 12．Because life is beautiful so we should fully enjoy it.去掉so