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1、2022年高考英語 臨考磨劍之重點(diǎn)語法(七)虛擬語氣
一.虛擬語氣定義
虛擬語氣是表示與事實(shí)相反或建議,命令,要求和個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)和看法的動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式,經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在名詞性從句或狀語從句中。
溫馨提示:虛擬語氣主要有兩種情況1)表示與事實(shí)相反(包括不真實(shí)/難實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望)。
2)表示建議,命令,要求和個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)和看法。
虛擬語氣體現(xiàn)在謂語動(dòng)詞的形式上。
Eg.If I were you, I would take this job.(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)
如
2、果我是你,我就接受這份工作。
I wish that I were a bird.(現(xiàn)在的不真實(shí)的愿望)
我希望我是一只鳥。
He suggested that I ( should) start early.(表示建議)
他建議我應(yīng)該早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。
The officer ordered the soldiers that they (should )obey the rules .(表示命令)
這個(gè)軍官命令士
3、兵要遵章守紀(jì)。
It is necessary that he ( should )learn English.(表示個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)和看法)
他學(xué)習(xí)英語時(shí)必要的。
二.虛擬語氣的類型
1.If條件句中虛擬語氣
從句和主句的動(dòng)詞形式要用特殊的形式表示虛擬,如下表:
從 句
主 句
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
動(dòng)詞的過去式(be的過去式一般用were)
would/ should/ could/ might + 動(dòng)詞原形
與過去事實(shí)相反
had + 過
4、去分詞
would/ should/ could/ might + have + 過去分詞
與將來事實(shí)相反
動(dòng)詞過去式/should + 動(dòng)詞原形/were to + 動(dòng)詞原形
would/ should/ could/ might + 動(dòng)詞原形
Eg If I were you, I would take this job.(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)
如果我是你,我就接受這份工作。
If you had e here yesterday, you would have met Mr.
5、Wang.(與過去事實(shí)相反)
如果你昨天來這兒,你就會(huì)遇到王先生。
If it should rain/were to rain/ rained tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting.
(與將來事實(shí)相反,天氣預(yù)報(bào)明天是晴天)
萬一明天下雨,我們就推遲運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。
溫馨提示:1).假設(shè)的情況是過去或現(xiàn)在都不存在的,或?qū)聿淮罂赡馨l(fā)生的,則是虛擬條件句。用If 說過去或現(xiàn)在的事,一定表示虛擬。用If 說將來的事,就有兩種情況,真實(shí)或虛擬,如果表示將來不可能發(fā)生或萬一發(fā)生的事情
6、就是虛擬,反之,是真實(shí)條件句。
Eg If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go there.(表示真實(shí)的條件)
如果明天下雨,我們就不去那里了。
2).如果條件狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞有were,had或should,可以把if省去,而把were,had或should移到主語前面,形成倒裝。
Eg. Were I you,I would take this job.
如果我是你,我就接受這份工作。
Had you e here yesterday, you would have met
7、 Mr. Wang.
如果你昨天來這兒,你就會(huì)遇到王先生。
Should it rain/ were it to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting.
萬一明天下雨,我們就推遲運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。
3).錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句
當(dāng)條件從句表示的動(dòng)作和主句表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致的時(shí)候(一般從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。)一般情況下,在主句和從句中都有時(shí)間狀語的提示。
Eg. If you had followed the teache
8、r’s advice before, you would not regret now.
如果你以前聽老師的建議, 你現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)后悔了。
4).含蓄條件句
英語中有些介詞短語如without...(沒有……),but for... (要不是……),in that case 等和有些連詞but(但是),副詞otherwise(否則),并列連詞or(否則可以代替If 條件句表示虛擬條件。這時(shí)我們只考慮主句的虛擬形式就可以了。
Eg. But for his help, I would not have finished the t
9、ask.(與過去事實(shí)相反)
要不是由于他的幫助,我不會(huì)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。
=If it hadn’t been for help, I would not have finished the task.
I would have e here , but my mother was ill.(與過去事實(shí)相反)
我本要來這兒,但是我的媽媽病了。
=If my mother hadn’t been ill, I would have e here.
I was busy,otherwise I would h
10、ave helped you.
我當(dāng)時(shí)很忙,不然就幫助你了。(與過去事實(shí)相反)
otherwise=if I hadn’t been busy
2. 在名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣
1)wish后的賓語從句 過去式(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)
從句的謂語動(dòng)詞形式 過去完成式(與過去事實(shí)相反)
could/would+動(dòng)詞原(與將來事實(shí)相反)
Eg. I wish that
11、I were a bird.(現(xiàn)在的不真實(shí)的愿望)
我希望我是一只鳥。
He wishes he hadn’t made that mistake.(與過去事實(shí)相反)
他希望他沒犯那個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
He wishes that he could go to the moon one day.(與將來事實(shí)相反)
他希望他有一天能去月球。
2) suggest 等+從句
在suggest(建議),advise(建議),remend(建議,勸告),propose(建議),demand(要求),request(請(qǐng)求),require(要求),order(命令),m
12、and(命令),insist(堅(jiān)持要),desire(欲望)等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中要求用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”或只用動(dòng)詞原形
Eg. He suggested that I ( should) start early.
溫馨提示:1)當(dāng)suggest表示暗示的含義時(shí),所接的賓語從句用真實(shí)的語氣。
2)suggest(建議),advise(建議),remend(建議,勸告),propose(建議),demand(要求),request(請(qǐng)求),require(要求),order(命令),mand(命令),insist(堅(jiān)持要),desire(欲望)等動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)所
13、帶的主語從句中的動(dòng)詞要求用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”或只用動(dòng)詞原形。
Eg. His pale face suggested that he was ill.(suggest表示暗示)
他的蒼白的臉暗示他病了。
It is required that all the students (should) be quiet.(主語從句)
要求所有的學(xué)生肅靜。
3)suggestion/advice/proposal(建議)/demand/requirement/ request(請(qǐng)求)/mand/order(命令)這些名詞所接的同位語從句/主語從句/表語
14、從句,從句謂語要用虛擬形式(should) do should 可以省略
Eg.My suggestion is that you (should )do something about it.(表語從句)
我的建議是你應(yīng)該對(duì)這件事采取措施。
My request that he (should )attend our party has been accepted.(同位語從句)
他參加我們的晚會(huì)的請(qǐng)求被接受了。
4) 在主語從句中用以表示驚奇、惋惜等個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)時(shí),也用虛擬語氣(should)+動(dòng)詞原形
should可以省略.經(jīng)常用在下面的句型中
15、
It's necessary/important/surprising/natural/strange that.....是.必要的/重要的/令人驚訝的/自然的/奇怪的...
It's a pity/a shame that......是遺憾的
Eg. It’s strange that he( should) speak to his father like that.
他竟然和他的爸爸那樣說話,真是很奇怪。
It's a pity that he should not agree with us.
真遺憾,他竟然不同意我們的觀點(diǎn)。
16、 5)would/had rather 后的賓語從句
表示“寧愿”,表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r,謂語動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí);
表示過去的情況,謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)
Eg.I'd rather you told him the bad news tomorrow.(表示將來的情況)
我寧愿你明天告訴他這個(gè)壞消息。
I had rather you hadn't made that mistake.(表示過去的情況)
我寧愿你沒犯那個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
6)It is (high) ti
17、me (that)...“(早)該……”。之后的賓語從句
賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí), 有時(shí)也可以用“should+動(dòng)詞原形(should不能省略)”
Eg. It's (high) time you went/should go to school.
你該上學(xué)了。
3.其它種類的虛擬語氣
1)as if/though,even if/though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句
過去式(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)
18、
過去完成式(與過去事實(shí)相反)
從句的謂語動(dòng)詞形式
could/would+動(dòng)詞原形(與將來事實(shí)相反)
Eg.Even if/Even though he were here,he wouldn't help you.(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)
即使他在這里,也不會(huì)幫助你。
They talked about America as if they had been ther
19、e before.(與過去事實(shí)相反)
他們談?wù)撁绹?guó),就像以前去過似的。
溫馨提示:1)even if/though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句與If 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的虛擬類似,但不常用,作一般了解就可以。
2)當(dāng)as if/though,even if/though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示事實(shí)時(shí),我們要用真實(shí)語氣
Eg There are dark clouds in the sky. It looks as if it is going to rain.(真實(shí)語氣)
天上有很多黑云??雌饋硖煲掠炅?。
Even if it
20、was raining outside, the workers didn’t stop working.(真實(shí)語氣)
即使外面在下雨,工人們沒有停止工作
2) 用于以if only 開頭的句子中
意思是“要是...就好了”
謂語的虛擬形式同wish后接的賓語從句。
Eg I wish that I were a bird.
=If only I were a bird. (與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)
要是我是一只鳥就好了。
3) May +主語+動(dòng)詞原形,表祝愿
Eg. May you succeed.
祝你成功。
總結(jié):一般來說,虛擬語氣的動(dòng)詞形式主要有兩種。
1)表示與事實(shí)相反,動(dòng)詞形式經(jīng)常與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用 過去式 ;與過去事實(shí)相反用 過去完成式;與將來事實(shí)相反could/would+動(dòng)詞原形
2)表示建議,命令,要求和個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)和看法,動(dòng)詞形式經(jīng)常用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形
總之,要牢記虛擬語氣的類型和規(guī)則,這是做題的王道。這個(gè)資料會(huì)對(duì)你有所幫助和提高的。