（浙京津魯瓊專版）2020版高考英語大二輪復習 專題二 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 推理判斷題 四 文章出處或讀者對象題學案 新人教版

《（浙京津魯瓊專版）2020版高考英語大二輪復習 專題二 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 推理判斷題 四 文章出處或讀者對象題學案 新人教版》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關《（浙京津魯瓊專版）2020版高考英語大二輪復習 專題二 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 推理判斷題 四 文章出處或讀者對象題學案 新人教版（16頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、四、文章出處或讀者對象題 (2019·全國Ⅲ，D) Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers. A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0－25 drops of water or juice as a reward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined

2、—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward. Here’showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone，wholedtheteam，describedtheexperiment：Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen，asymbolwouldappear，andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample，thenumber7wouldfl

3、ashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice; iftheywentforthecircle，theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample. Afterrunninghundredsoftests，theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgofortheh

4、ighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime，indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation，notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination. Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely，theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate(低估)asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing

5、，forexample，a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic：Whenaddingtwonumbers，themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo，andthenaddedonlyafraction(小部分) ofthesmallernumbertoit. “Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains，”DrLivingstonesays.“Butinthisexperimen

6、twhatthey’redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone.” 語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。哈佛醫(yī)學院科學家Margaret Livingstone帶領他的團隊通過反復實驗得出結論：猴子能算算術，且它們對大數(shù)值的關注勝過小數(shù)值。 32．Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem? A．Theyfedthem. B．Theynamedthem. C．Theytrainedthem. D．Theymeasuredthem. 答案　C 解析　

7、細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段首句“AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0－25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.”可知答案為C。 33．Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment? A．Bydrawingacircle. B．Bytouchingascreen. C．Bywatchingvideos. D．Bymix

8、ingtwodrinks. 答案　B 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段末句“Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice; iftheywentforthecircle，theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.”可知答案為B。 34．WhatdidLivingstone’steamfindaboutthemonkeys? A．Theycouldperformbasicaddition.

9、 B．Theycouldunderstandsimplewords. C．Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily. D．Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong. 答案　A 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知，研究人員在進行了數(shù)百次測試后發(fā)現(xiàn)，猴子多半時候會選擇更高的值，這表明它們是在進行計算，而不僅僅是記憶每個組合的值。故選A。 35．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear? A．Entertainment. B．Health. C．Education. D．Science. 答

10、案　D 解析　文章出處題。根據(jù)全文可知，本文講述了科學家們通過科學實驗得出猴子能夠算算術的結論。由此可知，該文章可能出現(xiàn)在報紙的科學版上。故選D。 一、題型解讀 幾乎所有話題都可能涉及文章出處、文章類別或讀者對象題。設問形式常有： (1)Thispassagewouldprobably/mostlikelybefoundin. (2)Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom/outof. (3)Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom? (4)Thepassageisprobablyintendedfor. (5)Whattypeo

11、fwritingisthispassage? 二、解題技巧——內(nèi)容細節(jié)巧判斷 1．利用內(nèi)容判斷文章出處 (1)文章前面有日期、地點或通訊社名稱→newspaper (2)推銷介紹新產(chǎn)品→advertisement (3)文章中有clickhere等網(wǎng)絡用語→website (4)旅游勝地方面的介紹→travelguide (5)時尚、名人或娛樂方面的介紹→magazine/journal/entertainmentsection (6)科普知識→sciencereport (7)文化教育類文章→educationsection 2．利用內(nèi)容判斷文章類別 (1)旅游景點方面

12、的介紹：travelguide (2)新產(chǎn)品/新書/新影片/演出介紹：advertisement (3)活動介紹：notice/announcement (4)文章前面有日期、地點或通訊社名稱：news (5)科普知識/研究介紹：science report/studyreport 3．確定讀者對象 先確定文章主題，再根據(jù)文章具體細節(jié)判斷讀者對象。 例如：【真題感悟】中第35題，通讀整篇文章可知，該文介紹的是哈佛醫(yī)學院的科學家MargaretLivingstone帶領他的研究團隊對猴子進行實驗得出的研究結果。這屬于“科學研究”范疇，故該文應出現(xiàn)在報紙的“科學”板塊。故選D項。

13、 A (2019·湖北十堰模擬) Youknowthefeelingthatyouhaveleftyourphoneathomeandfeelanxious，asifyouhavelostyourconnectiontotheworld.“Nomophobia”(無手機恐懼癥) 8affectsteenagersandadultsalike.Youcanevendoanonlinetesttoseeifyouhaveit.Lastweek，researchersfromHongKongwarnedthatnomophobiaisinfectingeveryone.Theirstudyfo

14、undthatpeoplewhousetheirphonestostore，shareand1accesspersonalmemoriessuffermost.Whenuserswereaskedtodescribehowtheyfeltabouttheirphones，wordssuchas“hurt” (neckpainwasoftenreported) and“alone”predictedhigherlevelsofnomophobia. “Thefindingsofourstudysuggestthatusersregardsmartphonesastheirextendedsel

15、vesandget2attachedtothedevices，”saidDrKimKiJoon.“Peopleexperiencefeelingsofanxietyandunpleasantnesswhen9separatedfromtheirphones.”Meanwhile，anAmericanstudyshowsthatsmartphoneseparationcanleadtoanincreaseinheartrateandbloodpressure. Socanbeingwithoutyourphonereallygiveyouseparationanxiety？ProfessorM

16、arkGriffiths，psychologistanddirectoroftheInternationalGamingResearchUnitatNottinghamTrentUniversity，saysitiswhatisonthephonethat4counts—thesocialnetworkingthatcreatesFomo (fearofmissingout)． “WearetalkingaboutanInternet-connecteddevicethatallowspeopletodealwithlotsofaspectsoftheirlives，”saysGriffit

17、hs.“Youwouldhavetosurgicallyremoveaphonefromateenagerbecausetheirwholelifeisrootedinthisdevice.” 11Griffithsthinksattachmenttheory，wherewedevelopemotionaldependencyonthephonebecauseitholdsdetailsofourlives，isasmallpartofnomophobia.For“screenagers”，itisFomothatcreatesthemostseparationanxiety.Iftheyc

18、an’tseewhat’shappeningonSnapchator，theybecomepanic-strickenaboutnotknowingwhat’sgoingonsocially.“Buttheyadaptveryquicklyifyoutakethemonholidayandthere’snoInternet，”saysGriffiths. 語篇解讀　本文為說明文。當今社會的許多人成了手機控，只要手機不在身邊就會出現(xiàn)無手機恐懼癥，會感到焦慮不安，好像失去了與世界的聯(lián)系。這是因為人們把智能手機當作存儲、分享和訪問他人、與朋友聯(lián)系的一種工具。 1．Whichofthefoll

19、owingmayDrKimKiJoonagreewith? A．Wewastetoomuchtimeonphones. B．Phoneshavebecomepartofsomeusers. C．Addictiontophonesmakesmemoriessuffer. D．Phonesandbloodpressurearecloselylinked. 答案　B 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三、四句，第二段中的“usersregardsmartphonesastheirextendedselvesandgetattachedtothedevices”及最后一段第三句可知，現(xiàn)在的

20、手機已成為許多人生活的一部分了，分析選項可知B項符合題意。 2．AccordingtoGriffiths，wegetnomophobiabecause. A．weareaccustomedtohavingaphoneonus B．weneedourphonestohelpusstoreinformation C．weworrywemaymissoutwhatourfriendsaredoing D．wefearwithoutphoneswewillrunintoalotoftrouble 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的“...itiswhatisontheph

21、onethatcounts—thesocialnetworkingthatcreatesFomo (fearofmissingout)．”可知，社交網(wǎng)絡讓人們害怕錯過朋友們發(fā)的東西，擔心不知道朋友在做什么，分析選項可知C項正確。 3．Wherecanyouprobablyfindtheabovepassage? A．Inaresearchreport. B．Inafashionbrochure. C．Inasciencetextbook. D．Inapopularsciencemagazine. 答案　D 解析　文章出處題。本文主要敘述了當今社會的許多人已成為手機控及他們成為手機

22、控的原因。有的人只要手機不在身邊就會出現(xiàn)無手機恐懼癥，感到焦慮不安，好像失去了與世界的聯(lián)系，這是因為智能手機是人們存儲、分享和訪問他人、與朋友聯(lián)系的一種工具。這種文章一般會出現(xiàn)在科普雜志上。故選D項。 B (2019·山東臨沂質(zhì)檢) Ifyoufollowtheseinsidertips，yourphotoswilllooklikeyouhadtheplacetoyourselfatthepopulartouristattractions. VaticanMuseums：VaticanCity TheVaticandrawsmorethanfivemillionpeopleeachy

23、ear，andqueuescanreachfourhoursduringpeakseason.ChristieHudson，seniorcommunicationsmanageratExpedia，recommendschoosinga3skip-the-linetour.“Thisnotonlyletsyouavoidtheticketcounter，butalsoincludestheuseofaprivatepartnerentrance.”ExtratimetovisittheSistineChapel? Yes! BambooForest：Kyoto，Japan BambooFo

24、restisthemostworthysightinKyoto.Ifyou’re10longingtoenjoythepathwaysandtakepicturesintotalquietness，KyotoArashiyamaTravelGuiderecommendshittingthefamousBambooGrovePathasearlyinthemorningaspossible—think7a．m.ifyou’reupforit.Don’tmissthesehiddentreasuresyoucanonly5witnessinJapan. ChichenItza：Yucatán，M

25、exico HometoElCastilloandtheTempleoftheWarriors，ChichenItzaisamust-see.Wanttobeattherush? Scheduleanearlytourthattakesplacebeforeasiteopenstothepublic.Ledbyanarchaeologistguide，it’sfulloffascinatinginsightsandfacts—withouttonsofpack-wearingtourists. LouvreMuseum：Paris，F(xiàn)rance TheLouvreisoneofthemo

26、stpopularmuseumsontheplanet.12Ifwaitingaroundinlinetogetinisn’tthewayyouprefertospendyourtimeinParis，consider6purchasinga7reservedticket.Thiswillgiveyouentrytothepyramidwithinahalf-hourwindow.TheLouvreisalsoopenuntil9∶45pmonWednesdaysandFridays，ifyou’reupforsomelate-nightartvisits. 語篇解讀　本文是一則廣告。文章介

27、紹了四個旅游景點，提供給“為趕在高峰之前到達的游客”。 4．WhatisrecommendedatVaticanMuseumsbyChristieHudson? A．Queuingforfourhours. B．Jumpingthewaitingline. C．Takingaskip-the-linetour. D．VisitingtheSistineChapel. 答案　C 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)VaticanMuseums：VaticanCity的第一、二句“TheVaticandrawsmorethanfivemillionpeopleeachyear，andqueue

28、scanreachfourhoursduringpeakseason.ChristieHudson，seniorcommunicationsmanageratExpedia，recommendschoosingaskip-the-linetour.”可知答案為C。 5．Whichofthefollowingareavailableforearlytouriststoavoidtherush? A．VaticanMuseumsandBambooForest. B．ChichenItzaandBambooForest. C．BambooForestandLouvreMuseum. D．C

29、hichenItzaandLouvreMuseum. 答案　B 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)BambooForest：Kyoto，Japan中的“KyotoArashiyamaTravelGuiderecommendshittingthefamousBambooGrovePathasearlyinthemorningaspossible”和ChichenItza：Yucatán，Mexico中的“Wanttobeattherush? Scheduleanearlytourthattakesplacebeforeasiteopenstothepublic.”可知選B。 6．Whomightthi

30、spassagebeintendedfor? A．Visitorsinterestedinmuseums. B．Guidesatthetouristattractions. C．Peopleattheticketcounter. D．Touriststobeattherush. 答案　D 解析　讀者對象題。根據(jù)第一段“Ifyoufollowtheseinsidertips，yourphotoswilllooklikeyouhadtheplacetoyourselfatthepopulartouristattractions.”可知，這篇文章可能是寫給“為趕在高峰之前到達的游客”。故

31、選D。 Ⅰ.障礙詞匯突破 (一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測畫線部分的意思 1．Insomelessdevelopedareas，peopleareeagertoaccesstomedicalcare.使用 2．Thoughfarawayfromherhome，sheisveryattachedtoherfamilyandfriends.依戀 3．Whatpercentageofyourclassmatesregularlyskipbreakfast，themostimportantmealoftheday？跳過，不做 (二)同義詞語替換 4．Itisnothowmuchyo

32、ureadbutwhatyoureadthatcounts.matters/makesadifference 5．Shehadthegiftofwordstohelphergetthroughthehardship，heartacheandmajorsocialchangesshehadtowitnessfirsthand.see 6．Tabletsareespeciallyusefulforcollegestudentsbecausestudentscanpurchasee-booksordigital(數(shù)字的) versionsoftextbooksandstorethemallino

33、neveryportableplace.buy 7．Adoubleroomwithabalconyoverlookingtheseahadbeenreservedforhim.booked (三)一詞多義 8．a(chǎn)ffectv．影響；使感動；使感染 (1) Shewasdeeplyaffectedbythestorysharedbythehomelessboy.v.使感動 (2)Withofficialaid，thoseaffectedbytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.v.影響 (3)Diseasesaffectalmosteve

34、ryoneatsometimeduringtheirlives.v.使感染 9．separateadj.單獨的，分開的v．分離；區(qū)分；隔開 (1)EnglandisseparatedfromFrancebytheChannel.v.隔開 (2)Thecapacitytothinkseparateshumansfromotheranimals.v.區(qū)分 (3)Useseparateknivesforrawandcookedmeat.adj.單獨的，分開的 (4)Aswejoinedthebigcrowd，Igotseparatedfrommyfriends.v.分離 10．longa

35、dj.長的；長期的adv.長期地；長久地v．渴望 (1)Itdidn’ttakelongtorepairthetable.adv.長期地 (2)Daisyhadalwayslongedtohelpendangeredspeciesofwildlife.v.渴望 (3)Theagreementshouldhaveverypositiveresultsinthelongterm.adj.長期的 Ⅱ.長難句理解 11．Griffithsthinksattachmenttheory，wherewedevelopemotionaldependencyonthephonebecauseithol

36、dsdetailsofourlives，isasmallpartofnomophobia. [句式分析]　本句是主從復合句，主句的謂語動詞是thinks，后面的attachmenttheoryis...asmallpartofnomophobia是賓語從句。在該賓語從句中，where 引導定語從句，修飾先行詞theory；because引導原因狀語從句，其中的holds表示“持有”。 [精美譯文]　格里菲斯認為，依戀理論是無手機恐懼癥的一小部分。根據(jù)依戀理論，我們對手機產(chǎn)生情感依賴，因為手機掌握著我們生活的細節(jié)。 12．Ifwaitingaroundinlinetogetinisn’t

37、thewayyouprefertospendyourtimeinParis，considerpurchasingareservedticket. [句式分析]　本句是主從復合句。if引導的是條件狀語從句，主句是一個祈使句。在該if從句中，waitingaroundinlinetogetin作主語，所以謂語動詞需要用單數(shù)形式。 [精美譯文]　如果在巴黎逗留時，你不喜歡排隊等候進入，那就考慮提前訂票。 強化練(十五) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2019·河南六市一模) Whileweatherforecasterscanmakefairlyaccuratepredictions，ther

38、e’salwaystheriskyou’llbecaughtoutwhiledrivingintherain.Butthedaysofhavingtoquicklycloseyoursunroofcouldsoonbeathingofthepast，thankstoJaguarLandRover’slatesttechnology. Thefirmisdevelopingcarsthatcanadaptautomaticallybyclosingwindowsandroofsorstartingtheheateriftheydetectbadweatherisontheway.Theweat

39、herforecastingsystemusesasetofairpressure，humidity(濕度) andlightsensors(傳感器) tohelpitsvehiclespredictchangesinconditionsandadapttothem.Carsequippedwiththesystemcouldmakeslightchangestotheairconditioningifitfindstheweatherisgettingwarmerduringajourneyorincreasethecabintemperatureifitwillgetcolder. Th

40、eforecastmayindicatethereisapossibilityofoneormoreweatherconditions，suchasrain，withinaperiodoftime，suchasfiveminutes.Thevehiclemaythenadapttothelocalweatherconditions.Inparticular，itmaycloseoneormorewindows，orclosearoofofthevehicleinresponsetoaforecastofrain.Similarly，windowscouldbedarkenedusingelec

41、trochromic(電致變色的) glasstoimprovevisibilityifbrightsunshineisforecast. Althoughitisunclearwhetherthistechnologywillmakeitswaytoaproductionvehicleanytimesoon，suchasystemwouldbeadvantageousonautonomousvehicles.Sincethere’snohumandriverpresent，thesystemwillallowthevehicletomakeitcomfortableforitspassen

42、gers，basedoncurrentweatherconditions.Itcanalsomakethevehiclesaferifitknowsrainorsnowiscoming. 語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了捷豹路虎公司最新的一項技術，它的天氣預報系統(tǒng)通過傳感器來預測天氣變化并對車輛自身進行相應的調(diào)整。 1．HowwillJaguarLandRover’slatesttechnologybenefitdrivers? A．Vehiclescanautomaticallydrivethemselves. B．Vehiclescanfindpositionsand

43、routesthemselves. C．Vehiclescanactasmobileweatherforecastingstations. D．Vehiclescanopenwindowsandsunroofsautomatically. 答案　C 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，捷豹路虎最新的技術可以讓車輛像移動的天氣預報站一樣，幫助車輛預測天氣變化并調(diào)整車身以適應變化，從而造福駕駛員。故C選項正確。 2．Whatisthefeatureoftheglassofavehiclewiththenewtechnology? A．Itcanhelpadjusttheinside

44、temperature. B．Itcanstillbeclearinrainydays. C．Itistoostrongtobreakintopieces. D．Itscolourcanchangewiththesunshine. 答案　D 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段末句“Similarly，windowscouldbedarkenedusingelectrochromic(電致變色的) glasstoimprovevisibilityifbrightsunshineisforecast.”可知，采用新技術的汽車玻璃的顏色會隨著陽光而改變。故D選項正確。 3．Whatcanwek

45、nowabouttheweatherforecastingsystemfromthetext? A．Itisintelligentenoughtostopraining. B．Itmakesthedrivermorecomfortable. C．Itcan’tpredicttheweatheraccurately. D．Itmakesautonomouscarssaferinbadweather. 答案　D 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段末句“Itcanalsomakethevehiclesaferifitknowsrainorsnow is coming.”可知，天氣預報系統(tǒng)使得

46、無人駕駛汽車在惡劣天氣下更安全。故D選項正確。 4．Wheremightthetextbetakenfrom? A．Abookreview. B．Asciencereport. C．Asciencefictionstory. D．Atravelbrochure. 答案　B 解析　文章出處題。文章介紹了捷豹路虎公司最新的一項科學技術，因此本文應該出自一份科學報道。故B選項正確。 B (2019·遼寧沈陽市郊聯(lián)體一模) DowomenmakeBETTERastronauts？Russialocksanall-femalecrewinspacesimulator(太空模擬器) f

47、oreightdaystofindout.SixRussianwomenhavebeensentintoaspaceshiptobeginauniqueexperimenttestinghowanall-femalecrewwouldrelatetoothersonatriptotheMoonandback. “It’sinterestingforustoseewhatisspecialaboutthewayafemalecrewcommunicates，”saidSergeiPonomaryov，theexperiment’sleader.“Itwillbeparticularlyinte

48、restingintermsofpsychology，”saidtheinstitute’sdirectorIgorUshakov.“I’dliketowishyoualackofconflicts，eventhoughtheysaythatinonekitchen，twohousewivesfindithardtolivetogether，”headded. Thevolunteersincludescientificresearchers，adoctorandapsychologist.Thetestperiodsimulates(模仿) aflighttotheMoonandback，

49、withthewomencarryingout10experimentscoveringpsychologyandhumanbiology.Russiasentthefirstwomanintospace，ValentinaTereshkova，in1963buthasfallenbehindsince.Lastyear，itsentitsfourthfemaleastronautintospace，YelenaSerova.SerovacomplainedofagreatdealofmediainterestinhowshewouldwashherhairaboardtheInternati

50、onalSpaceStation，pointingoutthatmaleastronautsdidnotfacethesamelineofquestioning. Thewomenfoundthemselvesfieldingquestionsatapressconferenceabouthowtheywouldactwithoutmenormakeupforeightdays.“Weareverybeautifulwithoutmakeup，”saidparticipantDaryaKomissarova.HercolleagueAnnaKussmaulwasmoredirect：“Wea

51、redoingwork.Whenyou’redoingyourwork，youdon’tthinkaboutmenandwomen.”Theyplantospendtheirfreetimewatchingfilms，readingandplayingboardgames.TeamleaderYelenaLuchnitskayasaidsheexpectedthewomentodealwithanyconflict. 語篇解讀　本文屬于科普說明文，主要介紹了俄羅斯做的一項關于女性是否能成為更好的宇航員的實驗。 5．Inwhichcolumncanyoufindthispassageon

52、awebsite? A．Education. B．Entertainment. C．Science. D．Economy. 答案　C 解析　文章出處題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，文章涉及太空實驗的問題，所以可推知，從網(wǎng)站的“科學”欄目中能夠看到此文。故選C。 6．What’sthepurposeoftheexperiment? A．Toshowthatwomencandobetterthanmen. B．Totestwhetherwomencanbegoodastronauts. C．Togatherinformationabouttheconditionsinspace. D．To

53、measurethedistancefromtheearthtothemoon. 答案　B 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句和第三句可知，本實驗的目的在于驗證女性在太空中如何表現(xiàn)及她們能否成為更好的宇航員。故選B。 7．WhatdoweknowfromwhatIgorUshakovsaid? A．Womencannotlivepeacefullyinspaceatall. B．Theremaybeconflictsamongthewomenastronauts. C．Thefemalecrewwilldealwitheachotherinanewway. D．Beinginth

54、esamekitchenhelpsthewomenlivetogether. 答案　B 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，IgorUshakov提到有些人說在一個廚房里兩個家庭主婦都無法很好相處，那么在太空中女宇航員在空間極其有限的情況下可能會偶爾沖突。而且關鍵信息句“I’dliketowishyoualackofconflicts”也表達出了IgorUshakov對女宇航員間發(fā)生小摩擦的預估。故選B。 8．Whichofthefollowingwasoncesentintospace? A．SergeiPonomaryov. B．DaryaKomissarova. C．A

55、nnaKussmaul. D．ValentinaTereshkova. 答案　D 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Russiasentthefirstwomanintospace，ValentinaTereshkova，in1963buthasfallenbehindsince.”可知，ValentinaTereshkova曾經(jīng)被送入太空。故選D。 C (2018·浙江新高考名校聯(lián)考信息卷五) Evenbeforewewereborn，weknewourmother’svoiceandcoulddistinguishitfromothervoices.That’soneofth

56、ekeyfindingsofanongoingresearchprojectbyCanadianandChineseresearchers.Theresearchsuggeststhatwhilewearestillinthewomb(子宮)，ourbrainsarelearningspeechpatternsandlayingthegroundworkforlanguageacquisition.“Beforebirth，thebrainisbeingsetuptolearnlanguage，”saysBarbaraKisilevsky，whoconductedtheresearch. I

57、thadalreadybeenknownthatnewbornbabiesshowapreferencefortheirmother’svoice，butherlatestresearchshowstheyalsopreferthatfamiliarsoundwhilestillinthewomb.KisilevskycarriedoutthefirstlegoftheresearchinChina，becauseshealreadyhadaresearchprojectunderwaythereandthisfitnicelywiththatwork. Workingwithresearc

58、hersatZhejiangUniversity，Kisilevskytested60womeninthefinalstageofpregnancy.Allthemothersweretape-recordedastheyreadapoemoutloud.Thenthemothersweredividedintotwogroups.Halfthefetuses(胎兒) heardtherecordingoftheirownmother.Theotherhalfheardthatofanothermother，butnottheirown. Inbothcases，thepoemcauseda

59、changeinthebaby’sheartrate.Theheartrateacceleratedamongthosewhoheardtheirownmother’svoice，anddeceleratedamongthosewhoheardavoiceotherthanthatoftheirmother’s. Decelerationoftheheartrateis“anattentionmechanism(機制)”，Kisilevskysays.Theheartbeatamongfetuseswhoheardanunfamiliarvoicesloweddown，shesays，bec

60、ausetheywerepayingcloseattentiontoavoicetheydidnotrecognize.Thefactthattheheartbeatchangedinbothcases—upforMom，downforsomeoneelse—showsthefetuses“noticedbothvoices”，shesays，andcouldtellonefromtheother. Bytheway，thepoemisimmaterialhere.Kisilevskysuspectsshewouldhavehadthesameresultsifthemothershadbe

61、enreadingaphonebook.“It’snotthecontentthatthefetusesrecognized，”shesays.“Weallhaveourownwayoftalking.Westopatdifferenttimes，takebreathsatdifferenttimes，andthat’swhattheyarerecognizing.” 語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了一項有關胎兒對聲音的識別的研究。 9.Whatledtothechangeinfetuses’heartrateacccordingtotheresearch? A．Theirfa

62、miliaritywiththevoice. B．Thequalityoftherecordings. C．Theircuriosityabouteverything. D．Thecontentofthepoemrecorded. 答案　A 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句可知，胎兒在聽到不熟悉的聲音時，它們的心跳會減慢，因為它們把更多的注意力放在了它們不能識別的這個聲音上。由此可知，在研究中，胎兒對聲音的熟悉度的不同導致了它們心率的變化。故選A。 10．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph? A．Adultstalkinawayqui

63、tedifferentfrombabies. B．Kisilevskyfirmlybelievesherfindingsareapplicable. C．Speechpatternsarewhatfetusesrecognizeintellingvoices. D．Differentexperimentalmaterialscanleadtodifferentresults. 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是最后兩句可知，胎兒在辨別聲音時識別的是人們的說話方式，即他們的語言模式。故選C。 11．Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanwerea

64、dthispassage? A．Medicine. B．Lifestyle. C．Education. D．Science. 答案　D 解析　文章出處題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一項有關胎兒對聲音的識別的研究，它最可能出現(xiàn)在報紙的科學專欄上。 Ⅱ.七選五 (2019·廣東深圳高級中學適應性考試) Youforgottosetyourwake-upalarm.Asyouslowlycometorealizethatyou’regoingtobeextremelylateforschoolorwork，youbegintogetintoapanic.12Soyouleavehom

65、estressed，hungryandthirsty.Ifyouoftenstartyourdayinsuchastressedstate，thenyou’llbesuretobenefitfromthesuggestionsbelow. Wakeupontime.Wakingupontime(orevenearly) isnecessarytostartyourdaypositively.13Andyouwon’tneedtorusharoundatthelastminute. Makeyourbed.Makingyourbedisprobablythelastthingyouthink

66、aboutwhenyouarepreparedinthemorning.Thishabitmaybeokayforstudents，butifyouwanttoincreaseyourmotivationandproductivity，youshoulddefinitelymakeyourbed.14 Takea10-minutewalkinthemorning.Ifyouhaveadog，thenthiswillbeaneasytaskforyou.However，evenifyoudon’townadog，whynottrywalkingfor10minutesoutsideeverymorning? 15 16Organizedpeopletendtodothiswork.Ithelpsthemkeeptrackofwhatneedsdoingathome，workandbeyond.Themorningtimeisperfectforcheckingyourto-dolist.Youmayalsofindthatyoucandeletesomeitemst