2020高考英語新創(chuàng)新一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法 第三部分 理清常用句式 第二講 簡單句與并列句學(xué)案（含解析）牛津譯林版

《2020高考英語新創(chuàng)新一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法 第三部分 理清常用句式 第二講 簡單句與并列句學(xué)案（含解析）牛津譯林版》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《2020高考英語新創(chuàng)新一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法 第三部分 理清常用句式 第二講 簡單句與并列句學(xué)案（含解析）牛津譯林版（8頁珍藏版）》請?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、第二講簡單句與并列句 簡單句　 [全析考法] Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal________ (mean) me no real harm. 解析：meant　根據(jù)語境可知此處敘述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情，應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)，故填meant。 2．(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)This include

2、d digging up the road, ________ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top. 解析：laying　laying和句中的digging up, building并列。 3．(2016·全國卷Ⅲ)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ________ (create) special designs. 解析：to create　句意：熟練的工人還會把各種硬質(zhì)木材和金屬組合起來以創(chuàng)作獨(dú)特的樣式。根據(jù)語境可知，

3、此處應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語。 Ⅱ.單句改錯 1．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)When I was little, Friday night was our family game night ...Still I unwilling to play the games with them sometimes.________________ 解析：unwilling前加was　unwilling是形容詞，它和系動詞一起構(gòu)成“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)。此處敘述“我”小時(shí)候的事情，主語是I，所以用was。 2．(2016·四川高考)Both Dad and I planned to do something

4、on Mother's Day. We get up early in the morning.________________ 解析：get→got　此處描述母親節(jié)當(dāng)天的事，根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。 [謹(jǐn)記規(guī)則] 簡單句就是由一個(gè)主語(或并列主語)和一個(gè)謂語(或并列謂語)構(gòu)成的句子。簡單句有五種基本句式，其他各種句式都是由這五種基本句式演變而來。 基本句型一：S＋V (主＋謂) 釋義：此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語動詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。 S V (不及物動詞) 1.Time flies

5、. 2.The moon rose. 3.She sings beautifully. 4.They talked for half an hour. 5.He walked yesterday. [特別注意] 主語可有修飾語——定語，謂語可有修飾語——狀語。 The red sun rises in the east.紅色的太陽從東方升起。 基本句型二：S＋V＋O (主＋謂＋賓) 釋義：此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，謂語動詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。 S V (及物動詞) O

6、 (賓語) 1.Who knows the answer？ 2.She laughs at her. 3.They ate some apples. 4.Danny likes swimming. 5.I want to have a cup of tea. 基本句型三：S＋V＋I(xiàn)O＋DO (主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓) 釋義：此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，謂語動詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語一個(gè)是動作的直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動作的間接承受者。 S V (及物) IO (多指人) DO (多指物) 1.She passed him

7、 a new dress. 2.She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 3.I showed him my pictures. 4.I told him how to run the machine. 5.He showed me the bus over there. 基本句型四：S＋V＋O＋C (主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)) 釋義：此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。 S V (及物) O (賓語) C (賓補(bǔ))

8、 1.We keep the table clean. 2.What makes him sad？ 3.We saw him out. 4.He asked me to come back soon. 5.I saw them getting on the bus. 基本句型五：S＋V＋P (主＋系＋表) 釋義：此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，句子謂語動詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。 S Linking-V (系動詞) P (表語) 1.This is an English

9、 dictionary. 2.The dinner smells good. 3.He fell happy. 4.The book is interesting. 5.The weather became warmer. [知識拓展]　6類系動詞 (1)狀態(tài)系動詞，用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be (am, is, are, was, were)一詞。 (2)持續(xù)系動詞，用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand。 (3)表象系動詞，用來表示“看起來像”這一概念，主要有seem, appear, lo

10、ok。 (4)感官系動詞，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。 (5)變化系動詞，表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come。 (6)終止系動詞，表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove, turn out。 并列句　 [全析考法] Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．(2016·四川高考)It was time for her to have a new baby, ________ it was also time for the young panda to be independent. 解析

11、：and　根據(jù)語境可知，“It was time for ...”和“it was also time for ...”之間是并列關(guān)系，故用and連接。 2．(2015·廣東高考)One day, the cow was eating grass ________ it began to rain heavily. 解析：when　be doing sth.when ...“正在做某事，這時(shí)突然……”。 3．(2014·全國卷Ⅰ)But the river wasn't changed in a few days ________ even a few months. 解析：or　“a

12、 few days”和“a few months”之間為并列關(guān)系，且此句為否定句，因此要用or連接。 4．(2014·廣東高考)We were told that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week, ________ for the week after. 解析：but　not ...but ...為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“不是……而是……”。 Ⅱ.單句改錯 1．(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two ye

13、ars, but he agreed.________________ 解析：but→and　根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示順承關(guān)系，用并列連詞and。 2．(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.________________ 解析：and→or　此處表示“他的或者她的”段落，應(yīng)該屬于一種選擇關(guān)系，而不是并列關(guān)系。 3．(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car, I thought

14、 I had learned the instructor's orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.________________ 解析：so→but/yet　此處表示“我認(rèn)為我已經(jīng)明白了教練的指令，但是車一啟動，腦子一片空白”。根據(jù)語境可知，前后分句之間不是因果關(guān)系而是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 4．(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)I have grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.________________ 解析： and→but　no

15、t only ...but also ...是固定短語，意為“不但……而且……”，連接并列成分。 5．(2016·全國卷Ⅰ)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.________________ 解析：or→and　根據(jù)語境可知，新鮮的蔬菜與高品質(zhì)的油二者之間為并列關(guān)系而非選擇關(guān)系。 6．(2016·全國卷Ⅱ)We can choose between staying at home and taking a trip.If we stay at hom

16、e, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.________________ 解析：but→and　第二句句意：我們?nèi)绻诩依铮瑫杏X舒適，還不花錢。根據(jù)句意可知，“comfortable”與“no need to spend money”之間是并列關(guān)系，而不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 [謹(jǐn)記規(guī)則] 并列句由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列而又獨(dú)立的簡單句構(gòu)成。在并列句中，這些簡單句常由并列連詞(短語)連在一起。 并列連詞 用法 例句 and, not only ... but (also) ..., both ... and ..

17、. 等 表并列、順承或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系 There the air is clean and the mountains are green. 那里空氣清新，千山一碧。 but, yet, whereas等 表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.這次失敗對他是個(gè)很大的打擊，但他并沒有沮喪，很快便像以前一樣充滿熱情。 or, either ... or ..., not ... but ...等 表選擇關(guān)系 Eit

18、her you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.要么你改進(jìn)工作，要么我就辭退你。 for, so 表因果關(guān)系。for連接的分句一般不能放在句首 The leaves of the trees are falling, for it's already autumn.樹葉在墜落，因?yàn)榍锾煲呀?jīng)到了。 and, or 表?xiàng)l件或結(jié)果關(guān)系，常用于句型“祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句”中 You have to move out of the way or the truck cannot get past you. 你得讓出路來，否

19、則卡車無法從你身旁通過。 while 作為并列連詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)兩種情況的對比 I drink black coffee while he prefers it with milk. 我愛喝黑咖啡，而他更喜歡喝加牛奶的。 [特別注意]　when可用作并列連詞，相當(dāng)于and at this/that time，意為“正在這/那時(shí)；突然”，常用于下列句式：sb. be about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth. when ... (某人正要做某事，突然……)；sb. be doing sth. when ... (某人正在做某事，

20、突然……)；sb. had just done sth. when ... (某人剛做完某事，突然……)。 He was about to go out when the telephone rang. 他正要出去時(shí)，電話鈴響了。 He had just finished writing a report when the boss let him type a letter.他剛寫完一篇報(bào)告，老板就讓他打印一封信件。 語法填空解題“2策略” 1．分析單詞、短語或句子的邏輯關(guān)系或句式結(jié)構(gòu) (1)完整的句子中，如果兩個(gè)單詞或短語并列，要填并列連詞； (2)若兩個(gè)句子(兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)

21、構(gòu))之間沒有句號或分號，也沒有連詞，空格處必定填連詞。 2．注意固定句式中的連詞 據(jù)第1條解題 1．“I didn't think of applying for Cambridge — I didn't think Cambridge University would take someone like me, but my tutor encouraged me to apply，” Mr. Edwards said in a statement. 2．At school, some students are active while some are shy, yet t

22、hey can be good friends with one another. 3．The short road, the easy path and the light load all lead to lower grades in school life. 據(jù)第2條解題 4．Smile at life, and it will shine on you. 5．We were walking side-by-side when suddenly we both sank to knee depth in the mud. 6．Follow your doctor's adv

23、ice, or your cough will get worse. 短文改錯解題“3視角” 1．根據(jù)句意、前后的邏輯關(guān)系去判斷連詞是否正確。 2．根據(jù)短語搭配和固定句式判斷連詞。 3．注意排查中式英語，如將although/though和but, because和so連用。遇到此種情況，一般刪除后面的but, so，以免影響一個(gè)句子的第一個(gè)單詞首字母大寫的原則。 據(jù)第1條解題 1．I waited patiently for some time, so nobody came for it.so→but 2．As a result, he won the game but f

24、inally became famous throughout the country._but→and 3．My dear mum or dad, thank you very much for bringing me up.or→and 4．They give us lots of love and care, and we only care a little for them.第二個(gè)and→but/while 5．Besides it's common that the young or middle-aged sit on the bus when the elderly ha

25、ve to stand. when→while 6．Faced with pressure, and we should learn to turn it into our motive power.去掉and 據(jù)第2條解題 7．Finally, keep in mind that there are many things that can't be learnt immediately, but never be frustrated when you fail in one or two exams.but→and 8．My brother was trying to catc

26、h a butterfly while he fell into the river. while→when 9．Due to some rich tourist attractions, every year many visitors come to my hometown, where they can not only appreciate the beautiful scenery, and also enjoy the delicious food.and→but 10．I was about to be off duty then three foreigners came in.then→when 據(jù)第3條解題 11．Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area.去掉but 12．Because life is beautiful so we should fully enjoy it.去掉so 8