(全國版)2020版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 話題練 第19練 世界與環(huán)境練習(xí)(含解析)
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1、第19練 世界與環(huán)境 基礎(chǔ)鞏固 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1.Theamountofwaterwhichissuitable____________(drink) islessandlessnow. 2.Nowmoreandmorepeoplepaymoreattentiontohow____________(save) water. 3.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,itbecomesmoreimportant____________(protect) ourenvironment. 4.InChinaalotofriversandla
2、kesare____________(serious) pollutedbysomefactories. 5.Somewastewaterhasbeenpouredintoriversandlakes,____________(kill) alargenumberoffish. 6.Ifeveryonemakesacontributiontoprotectingtheenvironment,theworld____________(become) muchmorebeautiful. 7.Howtoprotectourenvironmenthasbeenoneofthemostdiffi
3、cult____________(problem) intheworld. 8.Weshouldplantmoreandmoretreesinordertolivebetterand____________(healthy) inthefuture. 9.Itishightimethatthegovernment____________(take) somemeasurestoreducepollution. 10.____________thewholethewarmingoftheearthisaphenomenonthatcausesgreatconcern. Ⅱ.單句改錯(每小
4、題僅有1處錯誤) 11.Thegovernmentshouldtakeactiontostopthesefactoriesproduceharmfulgases. 12.Asweallknow,environmentalproblemsdirectlyaffectaboutthequalityofpeople’slives. 13.Ifwedon’tsavewater,lastdropofwaterwillbeatear-dropofus. 14.Thevillagersurgedthegovernmenttotakeseveralmeasuretoreducetheheavypoll
5、ution. 15.Withouttheshadefromthetrees,theearthwouldgettoohottolive. 16.Eachofusshouldtryourbesttoprotecttheearthsoitisourhome. 17.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,mostofthemarebeyondourcontrol. 18.You’dbeexposedtoalotlittlepollutionifyoumovedtoatownwithpurewaterandair. 19.N
6、owadaysmanyfactoriesproducelargeamountsofchemicalsarepoisonoustohumanbeings. 20.Nobodyknowsexactwhyandhowdinosaursdisappearedfromtheearthinsuchashorttime. 話題詞匯 1.pollution n.污染 2.a(chǎn)tmosphere n.大氣,氣氛 3.consequence n.結(jié)果,后果 4.a(chǎn)ttach great importance to...十分重視…… 5.be aware of...意識到…… 6.damage v.毀
7、壞 7.make a difference有影響 8.environment n.環(huán)境 9.suffer v.受苦,遭受 10.cause v.導(dǎo)致 能力提升 Ⅲ.閱讀理解 A (2018·安徽皖北協(xié)作區(qū)聯(lián)考) Todaytropicalrainforestsaredisappearingfromthefaceoftheglobe.Despitegrowinginternationalconcern,rainforestscontinuetobedestroyedatapaceover80,000acresperday.Worldrainforestcovernowsta
8、ndsataround2.5millionsquaremiles.Humanactivitieshavehadaneffectonmuchofthisremainingarea. Deforestation(森林濫伐) oftropicalrainforestshasaglobaleffectthroughspeciesextinction,thelossofimportantecosystemservicesandrenewableresources,andthereductionofcarbonsinks.However,thisdestructioncanbeslowed,stoppe
9、d,andinsomecasesevenreversed(逆轉(zhuǎn)).Mostpeopleagreethattheproblemmustbesolved,butthemeansarenotassimpleasbuildingfencesaroundtheremainingrainforestsorbanningthewoodtrade.Economic,political,andsocialpressureswillnotallowrainforeststocontinuetoexistiftheyarecompletelyclosedofffromuseanddevelopment. So,w
10、hatshouldbedone?Thesolutionmustbebasedonwhatispractical,notcompletelyidealisticanddependsondevelopingaconservationapproachbuiltontheprincipleofsustainable(可持續(xù)的) useanddevelopmentofrainforests.Beyondtheresponsibledevelopmentofrainforests,effortstorestoredamagedforestlandsalongwiththeestablishmentofpr
11、otectedareasarekeytosecuringrainforestsforthelong-termbenefitstheycanprovideformankind. Historicapproachestorainforestconservationhavefailed,asshownbytheincreasedrateofdeforestation.Inmanyregions,closingoffforestsasuntouchableparksandreserveshasneitherimprovedthequalityoflivingoreconomicopportuniti
12、esfortheruralpoor,norstoppedforestclearingbyillegalwoodcuttersanddevelopers. Theproblemwiththistraditionalapproachtopreservingwildlandsindevelopingcountriesisthatitfailstodeveloppropereconomicmotivesforpreservingtheforest.Localpeopleandthegovernmentitselfmustseefinancialreturnstoprovethecostsofmain
13、tainingparksfromeconomicactivities. 21.Whathascausedsomespeciesextinctioninthetropicalrainforests? A.Humans’destroyingthetrees. B.Carbonsinksbeingreduced. C.Lackingrenewableresources. D.Fencesnotbeingbuiltaroundtherainforests. 22.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage? A.Tropicalrainforestscanbeeasi
14、lypreserved. B.Rainforestsmustbeclosedofftobebetterprotected. C.Humanactivitieshavehadaneffectontropicalrainforests. D.Economicreturnscanmakeadifferenceinprotectingtropicalrainforests. 23.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotropicalrainforestprotection? A.Indifferent. B.Concerned. C.Doubtful. D.Puzzled
15、. 24.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage? A.Toshowthebadeffectsofdeforestation. B.Tostresstheimportanceoftherainforests. C.Toappealforrightwaystosavetherainforests. D.Tointroducethefactofforestsdisappearing. B Forcenturies,elephantshaveplayedabigroleintheworld’seconomies,culturesandreligions.TheAfri
16、canelephantsusedtobefoundalloverAfricaandtheAsianelephantsmovedfromSyriatoChinatoIndonesia.Nowadays,elephantsarefoundinsmallgroupsinthesouthoftheSaharaDesertandscarcelyinSoutheastAsia,SriLankaandIndia. Intheearlytwentiethcentury,therewereclosetotenmillionelephants,andnowtheelephantnumberisaslowas25
17、2,000andexpectedtodropdownto160,000by2025.Between2007and2014,theelephantpopulationfellbyatleast30%,or144,000elephants.AsresearchershavetraveledovertheAfricanplains,theyonlyspottedoneherdof36elephantsinanarealikethesizeofMexico.Itisclearthatthesegentlemammalsaredisappearingrightbeforeoureyes. Therea
18、remanyreasonswhytheelephantpopulationhasbeendecreasing,oneofwhichistheirhabitat.Humansarecompetingwithelephantsforlivingspace,andasmoreandmorehumansclearthelandthatisbeingusedbyelephants,theelephantshavelessspace.Elephanthuntingor“poaching”hasbeenamajorfactorforthedisappearanceofthisspecies,andtheya
19、rekilledonlyfortheirvaluableivorytusks.Althoughthetradeoftusksisillegal,itisstillacommonpracticeinmanyplaces. Often,allthelocalpeoplelivingamongelephantswouldbefarmers,andfoundthattheycouldmakemoremoneybysellingthetusksofoneelephantthandoingmanuallaborfortwelveyears.Thatalonemakesitreallyhardtoprev
20、entthemfromkillingtheelephants. SomeplacessuchasBotswana,haveputinextraefforttoprotecttheirwildlifefrompoachersbyfoundingtheirBotswanaDefenseForce,whichismadeupofaround700specially-trainedsoldiersthatarestationedin40differentareas.Youmayfeelworriedaboutthepresentsituationselephantsarein,butthereare
21、waystohelp.Tofindouthowyoucanhelpelephantconservation,adoptanelephant,ordonate,clickhere. 25.ThenumberslistedinParagraph2showthat________. A.humansdon’tcareforelephants B.elephantshavebeennexttoextinction C.elephantshavebecomegentlerthanbefore D.elephantshavegainedmoreattention 26.Whatisthebig
22、gestfactorforthedisappearingelephants? A.Lessspace. B.Alackoffood. C.Sufferingfromadisease. D.Elephanthunting. 27.Whyisithardtobankillingtheelephantsamongthefarmers? A.Theirtusksareprofitable. B.Elephantsaredestroyingtheirfieldscruelly. C.Farmershopetomakealivingbysellingtheirmeat. D.Farmer
23、spracticetheirhuntingskillsbykillingelephants. 28.Whatisthepurposeofthistext? A.Topersuadereaderstomakeadonation. B.Toguidereadershowtoprotectelephants. C.Toencouragereaderstohelpprotectelephants. D.Tointroducethedecreasingnumberofelephants. Ⅳ.短文改錯 (2018·廣東湛江二模) Whatissomethingyoucan’tseebut
24、isallaroundyou?Whatholdanairplaneinthesky?Theanswerwithallthesequestionsisair.Thoughyoucan’tseeair,butyouknowit’sthere.Youcanfeelthem.Airisamixtureofinvisiblegas.Putyourhandsonyourchestandtakedeepbreath.Whathappens?Yourchestrisessoyourlungsarefilledwithair.Also,thetiresonbikes,cars,trucksandbusesnee
25、dairtokeeproll.Theatmosphereblocksoutmuchofthesun’sharmfulrays.The atmosphere traps the heat from the sun.It makes our world warmly enough for life to grow. 答案解析 Ⅰ.1.todrink 2.tosave 3.toprotect 4.seriously 5.killing6.willbecome 7.problems 8.healthier 9.shouldtake/took10.On Ⅱ.11.Thegovernmentshou
26、ldtakeactiontostopthesefactoriesharmfulgases. 12.Asweallknow,environmentalproblemsdirectlyaffectaboutthequalityofpeople’slives. 13.Ifwedon’tsavewater,lastdropofwaterwillbeatear-dropofus. 14.Thevillagersurgedthegovernmenttotakeseveraltoreducetheheavypollution. 15.Withouttheshadefromthetrees,theea
27、rthwouldgettoohottolive. 16.Eachofusshouldtryourbesttoprotecttheearthitisourhome. 17.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,mostofarebeyondourcontrol. 18.You’dbeexposedtoalotpollutionifyoumovedtoatownwithpurewaterandair. 19.Nowadaysmanyfactoriesproducelargeamountsofchemicalsarepoi
28、sonoustohumanbeings. 20.Nobodyknowswhyandhowdinosaursdisappearedfromtheearthinsuchashorttime. Ⅲ. 語篇解讀 如今,熱帶雨林正面臨嚴(yán)重的生存危機,為世界敲響了環(huán)保警鐘。人類應(yīng)采取更加實際、有效的措施來保護熱帶雨林。 21.A [細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Deforestation(森林濫伐) of tropical rainforests has a global effect through species extinction”可知,人類對熱帶雨林的濫砍濫伐導(dǎo)致熱帶雨林一些物種的滅絕
29、。故選A。] 22.D [推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Economic,political,and social pressures will not allow rainforests to continue to exist if they are completely closed off from use and development.”可推知經(jīng)濟效益對保護熱帶雨林有一定影響。故選D。] 23.B [觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第二段和第四段的內(nèi)容可知,作者講述了熱帶雨林正在消失的現(xiàn)狀并提出了一些保護措施已經(jīng)無效的問題。由此可以推斷出作者對熱帶雨林保護持擔(dān)憂的態(tài)度。故選B。] 24.C
30、 [寫作目的題。通讀全文并根據(jù)最后兩段可知,作者認為傳統(tǒng)的保護熱帶雨林的方法無效,呼吁大家分享合適的保護措施。故選C。] 語篇解讀 本文主要講了大象在經(jīng)濟、文化和宗教上都起了很重要的作用,而現(xiàn)在由于種種原因,大象的數(shù)量在急劇減少。作者在這里呼吁人們保護野生大象。 25.B [推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的數(shù)據(jù)252 000,160 000,144 000,36可知,大象的數(shù)量在不斷地減少,所以它們有瀕臨滅絕的危險。故選B。] 26.D [細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Elephant hunting or ‘poaching’ has been a major factor for the
31、disappearance of this species,and they are killed only for their valuable ivory tusks.”可知,導(dǎo)致大象滅絕最主要的原因是人類對大象的捕殺。故選D。] 27.A [推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,農(nóng)民捕殺大象的現(xiàn)象很難被禁止的原因是象牙很賺錢。故選A。] 28.C [寫作目的題。通讀全文尤其是文中最后一段的最后兩句可知,作者寫作本文是想鼓勵人們保護大象。故選C。] Ⅳ. Whatissomethingyoucan’tseebutisallaroundyou?Whatanairplaneinthes
32、ky?Theanswerallthesequestionsisair.Thoughyoucan’tseeair,butyouknowit’sthere.Youcanfeel.Airisamixtureofinvisible.Putyourhandsonyourchestandtakedeepbreath.Whathappens?Yourchestrisesyourlungsarefilledwithair.Also,thetiresonbikes,cars,trucksandbusesneedairtokeep.Theatmosphereblocksoutofthesun’sharmfulrays.Theatmospheretrapstheheatfromthesun.Itmakesourworldenoughforlifetogrow. 8
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