（天津?qū)Ｓ茫?019高考英語二輪增分策略 專題三 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 分類突破 六 推理判斷-寫作意圖題優(yōu)選習(xí)題

《（天津?qū)Ｓ茫?019高考英語二輪增分策略 專題三 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 分類突破 六 推理判斷-寫作意圖題優(yōu)選習(xí)題》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《（天津?qū)Ｓ茫?019高考英語二輪增分策略 專題三 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 分類突破 六 推理判斷-寫作意圖題優(yōu)選習(xí)題（16頁珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、 六、推理判斷——寫作意圖題 (2018·北京，C) Plastic-Eating Worms Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋場(chǎng))，and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.So far there is no effective way to get rid of it，but a new study suggests an answer may

2、 lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics.The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours，and the worms consume

3、d and broke down about 92 milligrams，or almost 3% of it.To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown，the researchers made some worms into paste(糊狀物) and applied it to plastic films.14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken do

4、wn by enzymes(酶) from the worms’ stomachs.Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017. Federica Bertocchini，co-author of the study，says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic.“Wax is a complex mixture，but the basic bond in po

5、lyethylene，the carbon-carbon bond，is there as well，” she explains.“The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.” Jennifer DeBruyn，a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee，who was not involved in the study，says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene.Bu

6、t compared with previous studies，she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step，DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(腸道微生物)? Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one

7、day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.” 語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。作者介紹了一項(xiàng)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)：一種吃塑料的蟲子——大蠟螟，它胃中的酶能夠降解塑料，從而為人們解決塑料污染問題提供新的途徑。 43.What can we learn about th

8、e worms in the study? A.They take plastics as their everyday food. B.They are newly evolved creatures. C.They can consume plastics. D.They wind up in landfills. 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“...found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene...”和第二句中的“the worms consumed and b

9、roke down about 92 milligrams”可知，研究人員在研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)大蠟螟蠕蟲可以分解塑料中的聚乙烯，顯然也可以分解垃圾中的塑料，與選項(xiàng)C中提到的“吃塑料”吻合。 44.According to Jennifer DeBruyn，the next step of the study is to . A.identify other means of the breakdown B.find out the source of the enzyme C.confirm the research findings D.increase the break

10、down speed 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句“The next step...Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(腸道微生物)？”可知，接下來人們需要證實(shí)的就是酶是從哪里產(chǎn)生的。選項(xiàng)B “查明酶的來源”與此吻合。 45.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might . A.help to raise worms B.help make plastic bags

11、 C.be used to clean the oceans D.be produced in factories in future 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply ‘millions of worms...’”可知，研究人員期望在某種工業(yè)流程中使用這種化學(xué)制品，而不僅僅是把數(shù)百萬的蟲子扔到塑料上。這與選項(xiàng)D中提到的“今后工廠可能生產(chǎn)這種化學(xué)制品”吻合。 46.What is the main purpose

12、 of the passage? A.To explain a study method on worms. B.To introduce the diet of a special worm. C.To present a way to break down plastics. D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance. 答案　C 解析　寫作意圖題。作者通過本文介紹了一項(xiàng)消除塑料垃圾的研究，顯然是為人們提供了一條清除塑料垃圾的新途徑。選項(xiàng)C與此意吻合。 一、題型解讀 各種話題的閱讀材料都可能考查寫作目的/意圖題。設(shè)問形式常有：

13、 1.整篇文章的寫作目的/意圖： (1)The writer writes this passage in order to . (2)The purpose of the text is to . (3)What is the main purpose of the passage? (4)The writer of the story wants to tell us that . 2.某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫作目的/意圖： (1)The writer uses...in the first paragraph to . (

14、2)The writer uses the example of...to . (3)The author writes the last paragraph in order to . 二、解題技巧 1.文體特點(diǎn)推意圖 (1)記敘文：一般會(huì)在首段或尾段出現(xiàn)高度概括的總結(jié)性語言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的敘述都是圍繞該哲理展開的。 (2)應(yīng)用文：文章中有對(duì)某種物品或服務(wù)的詳盡介紹，使用具有明顯支持傾向的語言。 (3)說明文：寫作目的有賴于對(duì)文章主旨的把握，閱讀時(shí)需要找準(zhǔn)主題句。 (4)議論文：提出論點(diǎn)——進(jìn)行論證——得出結(jié)論，作者的意圖往往隱含于

15、最后一部分中。 2.看寫作手法找答案 (1)在文章開頭提出問題或介紹與主題有關(guān)的其他事物時(shí)答案中往往會(huì)含有to bring in/to introduce the topic等字眼。 (2)舉例或引用某人的話時(shí)答案中往往會(huì)含有to support/to show... 例如：【真題感悟】中的第46題，文章為說明文，主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)——蠕蟲可以分解塑料。因此可以推斷該篇文章的寫作意圖是告訴讀者一種新的分解塑料的方法。 A (2018·天津部分區(qū)縣二模) Are you sick of going to bed late and waking up tired? The

16、n grab your hiking boots and a tent.A new study suggests that a couple days of camping in the great outdoors can reset your circadian clock and help you get more sleep. The circadian clock，more commonly known as the body clock，is an internal system that tells our bodies when it’s time to go to slee

17、p and when it’s time to go to wake up.Scientists track this clock by measuring the amount of melatonin(褪黑激素) circulating in a person’s blood at any given time. In a healthy sleeper，melatonin levels rise a few hours before bedtime，stay high through the night，and then settle back down when it’s time

18、to wake up. In our modern society，however，most of us stay up many hours past sunset and would probably sleep in many hours after sunrise if we could.And the trouble is，your melatonin levels may still be high when your alarm clock goes off in the morning，which leads to grogginess.It may also have ot

19、her health consequences as well，such as diabetes(糖尿病)，overweight and heart disease. Professor Kenneth Wright of the University of Colorado in the US wanted to see if our body clocks can be reset by a short stay in nature.His team recruited 14 physically active volunteers in their 20s and 30s.Nine w

20、ent on a weekend camping trip，while the other five stayed home. At the end of the weekend，the researchers reported that in just two days，the campers’ body clocks had shifted so that their melatonin levels began to rise more than an hour earlier than they did before they left on the trip.By contrast

21、，the body clocks of the group that stayed home shifted even later over the course of the weekend. “This tells us we can reset our clocks fast，” Wright said. Therefore，if you want to change your sleep patterns，you could try to increase your exposure to nature light during the day and decrease the a

22、mount of artificial light you see at night.And if that doesn’t work，there’s always camping. 1.The author wrote this article mainly to . A.explain why it is bad for our health not to sleep enough B.inform us of a possible way to adjust the circadian clock C.analyze how the circadian cloc

23、k influences our sleeping habits D.explore how the circadian clock is connected with melatonin levels 答案　B 解析　寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容“A new study suggests that a couple days of camping in the great outdoors can reset your circadian clock and help you get more sleep.”可知，作者寫作本文主要是告訴我們一種調(diào)整生物鐘的可行的方法。 2.The un

24、derlined word “grogginess” in Paragraph 4 probably means “ ”. A.tiredness B.excitement C.refreshment D.pressure 答案　A 解析　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句“And the trouble is，your melatonin levels may still be high when your alarm clock goes off in the morning，which leads to grogginess.”和第三段內(nèi)容可知，褪黑激素是促進(jìn)睡眠

25、的，如果早上鬧鐘響起而體內(nèi)褪黑激素依然保持較高水平，那么人應(yīng)該是會(huì)感到疲勞的。故可推知，“grogginess”指的是“疲勞”。 3.How does the author develop the passage? A.By categorization. B.By comparison. C.By the order of time. D.By the order of space. 答案　B 解析　篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，作者是將待在室內(nèi)與待在室外的人進(jìn)行比較，得出的結(jié)論。by categorization歸類；by comparison比較；by the order

26、 of time按時(shí)間順序；by the order of space按空間順序。 4.What did Wright’s team discover from their experiment? A.The body clocks of the two groups didn’t show much difference. B.The body clocks of those who stayed home remained the same. C.Those staying outdoors reset the clock inside their bodies over a s

27、hort period. D.Changes to the circadian clock don’t necessarily affect melatonin levels in our bodies. 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段的內(nèi)容可知，通過對(duì)比兩組人群的睡眠表現(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些待在戶外的人可以在短時(shí)間內(nèi)調(diào)整好生物鐘。 5.According to the article，we’d better to improve our sleeping habit. A.spend weeks sleeping outdoors B.try to redu

28、ce melatonin levels at night C.set an alarm clock to go off every morning D.expose ourselves to more nature light in the day and less artificial light at night 答案　D 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，我們可以通過待在戶外，接觸更多的自然光以及夜晚減少照射人造光來改變我們的睡眠習(xí)慣。 B (2018·河西區(qū)一模) One evening I went out and left my 17-year-old son

29、 in charge of his 8-year-old brother and 4-year-old sister.On this occasion，the work was made less troublesome by the presence of his girlfriend.I left with complete confidence that the older children would do a wonderful job of babysitting the younger children.Later，I discovered that complete confi

30、dence was the last thing I should have left home with. I had decided to return home earlier than planned so that my son and his girlfriend could go out.I called home with this happy news.But instead of hearing his cheerful，grateful voice on the other end of the line，all I heard was the sound of a t

31、elephone ringing. It was，I should point out，after 10 p.m.，when the two younger children should have been in bed，and when the two older children should have been answering the phone.“I’ll give him a lesson，” I said.I decided they must be outside.Why they might be outside at 10∶30 on a winter night？I

32、 had no idea，but it was the only explanation I could come up with. Finally，in desperation，I called his girlfriend’s house.After what seemed like countless rings，his girlfriend answered.“Yes，” she said brightly，“He’s right here.” He came to the phone.I was not my usual calm，rational self.After all，

33、one of the rules of survival for modern parents is that you can’t trust modern teenagers.“Where are the children？” I said.He said they were with him.They had done nothing wrong.My son had taken the younger children over to his girlfriend’s house just for ice cream and cake.This was too good to be be

34、lieved.Well，it turned out that I shouldn’t have believed it.It was only part of the truth. The following Saturday evening we were at my parents’ home，celebrating my birthday.My oldest son gave me the children’s gifts.Mounted and framed were a series of lovely color photographs of my children，dresse

35、d in their best clothes，and wearing their most wonderful expressions.They are pictures to treasure a lifetime，all taken by the father of my son’s girlfriend. 6.The author went out and left her eldest son in charge of the younger children because . A.she knew that her eldest son was a good

36、baby-sitter B.she thought it no hard work to take care of the younger ones C.she believed he could do well with his girlfriend’s help D.she could not find a baby-sitter on that winter night 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句“On this occasion，the work was made less troublesome by the presence of his girlf

37、riend.I left with complete confidence that the older children would do a wonderful job of babysitting the younger children.”可知，作者離開時(shí)非常自信，認(rèn)為在他女朋友的幫助下，年紀(jì)大的孩子可以照顧好小孩子。 7.When the author called home that evening，she found that . A.there was no one answering the telephone B.the children were p

38、reparing a birthday gift for her C.her son was quarrelling with his girlfriend D.her son had brought his girlfriend home 答案　A 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段最后一句“all I heard was the sound of a telephone ringing”可知，作者聽到的只有電話鈴聲，家里沒人接電話。 8.According to Paragraph 3，“it” means . A.the two younger children ha

39、ve been in bed B.the older children have been answering the phone C.the author will give her older son a lesson D.the older son went outside with his girlfriend 答案　D 解析　代詞指代題。根據(jù)第三段中的“I decided they must be outside.Why they might be outside at 10∶30 on a winter night？”可知，it指的是作者的大兒子和他的女朋友出去了。 9

40、.What might the children do that evening? A.They had a birthday party. B.They had their pictures taken. C.They framed some photographs. D.They made some beautiful clothes. 答案　B 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，作者收到的孩子們的禮物是一些照片“all taken by the father of my son’s girlfriend”而且這些照片都是兒子女朋友的爸爸拍的，可見吃冰淇淋和蛋糕并不是孩子們做

41、的所有的事情，他們還給媽媽準(zhǔn)備了生日禮物。 10.What does the author intend to tell us by the story? A.Modern teenagers are not worth trusting. B.It is no easy job to look after young children. C.It is no good to have a girlfriend at an early age. D.Her children have a caring and tender heart. 答案　D 解析　寫作目的題。文章通過描述了

42、孩子們?yōu)閶寢尵臏?zhǔn)備珍貴的照片作為生日禮物，說明孩子們的關(guān)心和體貼。 題型組合練(九) Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空 1.No one was hurt in the accident，and we all breathed a sigh of .(2018·宿遷高一期中) A.relief B.surprise C.embarrassment D.disappointment 答案　A 解析　句意為：在事故中沒人受傷，我們都寬慰地松了一口氣。relief輕松，寬慰；surprise驚奇；embarrassment尷尬；disappointment失望。根據(jù)句意，故選A項(xiàng)

43、。 2.Last month，part of Britain was struck by snowstorms，from effects most passengers in Heathrow were suffering a lot，especially those with children. A.which B.what C.that D.whose 答案　D 解析　句意為：上個(gè)月，英國的一部分地區(qū)遭到了暴風(fēng)雪的襲擊，在Heathrow的大多數(shù)乘客都深受其苦，特別是那些有孩子的人。此處snowstorms是先行詞，與effects有所屬關(guān)系，故用whose

44、引導(dǎo)定語從句，whose在從句中作定語，故答案為D。 3.—I wonder what makes you a good salesperson. —I as a waiter for three years，which contributes a lot to my today’s work. A.serve B.have served C.had served D.served 答案　D 解析　句意為：——我想知道什么使你成為一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的銷售員。——我當(dāng)過三年的服務(wù)員，這對(duì)我現(xiàn)在的工作有很大幫助。根據(jù)句意，回答者現(xiàn)在是一名優(yōu)秀的銷售員，做服務(wù)員的三年發(fā)生

45、在過去，所以用一般過去時(shí)。故選D。 4.It was already late，so when I came to the street，there was nobody . A.in advance B.in turn C.in return D.in sight 答案　D 解析　 句意為：天早已經(jīng)晚了，當(dāng)我到街上的時(shí)候，看不見任何人。in advance 預(yù)先，提前； in turn 輪流；in return 作為……回報(bào)；in sight 看得見。根據(jù)句意，故選D項(xiàng)。 5.—How long do you expect it befo

46、re the African can keep the disease under control? —As soon as possible. A.is B.has been C.will be D.will have been 答案　C 解析　句意為：——你預(yù)料要過多久之后非洲人才能控制住這一疾??？——盡快。固定句式：It will be ＋一段時(shí)間＋before...，多久之后才會(huì)……，并由答句“As soon as possible.”可知句子用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)。故選C。 6.Next door to ours ，who seem to have set

47、tled in this community for quite a long time. A.are living a black couple B.live a black couple C.are a black couple living D.do a black couple live 答案　B 解析　表示地點(diǎn)的狀語Next door to ours置于句首，且主語為名詞“a black couple”，所以句子要用完全倒裝，完全倒裝一般不出現(xiàn)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，故選B項(xiàng)。句意為：我們隔壁住著一對(duì)黑人夫婦，他們似乎已經(jīng)在這個(gè)社區(qū)定居很久了。故選B。 7.—Look at the

48、noisy kids! —Haven’t you heard the saying “ ”？ A.There’s plenty of fish in the sea B.All that glitters is not gold C.When the cat is away，the mice will play D.A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush 答案　C 解析　There’s plenty of fish in the sea天涯何處無芳草；All that glitters is not gold閃光的未必

49、都是金子；When the cat is away，the mice will play山中無老虎，猴子稱霸王；A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush雙鳥在林不如一鳥在手。句意為：——看這些吵鬧的孩子?！銢]聽說過“山中無老虎，猴子稱霸王”嗎？根據(jù)句意可知選C。 8. fired，your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A.Would you be B.Should you be C.Could you be D.Migh

50、t you be 答案　B 解析　句意為：你如果被解雇了，你的醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)和其他的利益不會(huì)被立刻取消。本題考查了虛擬語氣的倒裝。如果虛擬語氣的條件從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞中含有were，had，should；有時(shí)可將if省去，而將條件從句的主語置于were，had，should之后，構(gòu)成倒裝。故選B。 9.How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? A.

51、them B.one C.those D.it 答案　D 解析　句意為：如果你正在看最喜愛的電視節(jié)目，這時(shí)有人進(jìn)來沒有征求你的意見就把電視關(guān)了，你會(huì)怎么想？固定表達(dá)how would you like it if...，在此結(jié)構(gòu)中it代替后面if從句的內(nèi)容。 10.After a long vacation，Mike came back . A.freshly and strongly B.being fresh and strong C.fresh and strong D.to be fresh and strong 答案　C 解析　句意為：長(zhǎng)假

52、后，麥克回來時(shí)精力充沛。作主語補(bǔ)足語，對(duì)主語補(bǔ)充說明或?qū)χ髡Z狀態(tài)的描述用形容詞。副詞是對(duì)動(dòng)詞的修飾，“精力充沛”是對(duì)人而言的，不是對(duì)動(dòng)作“came back”而言的，所以A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 Most parents will tell you that travelling internationally with kids is no day at the beach. “For families with young children，spending a long period of time in an airport terminal can be a kind of p

53、ain.Partly because of all the waiting around but also because the airport is just a stop—usually the first stop—in a long journey.” said Suzanne Rowan Kelleher，a family travel expert and managing editor of MiniT. But a new beach-themed play area for children in the international terminal at Los Ang

54、eles International Airport(LAX) gives kids a chance to have some fun and burn off some of their energy before they get on a flight. Opening on Thursday，in the new Tom Bradley International Terminal with a party featuring the LAX therapy dogs，some gift bags and cupcakes，the 971-square-foot，post-secu

55、rity play area is titled “LAX Beach.” Open to kids aged 2 to 8，the play space has soft，sculpted foam pieces that resemble waves，surfboards，beach toys and dolphins and is keeping in with the terminal’s overall architectural theme，which was inspired by the Pacific Ocean to the west of the airport. “I

56、 think it is safe to say that happy children make better flights，” said Los Angeles World Airports Executive Director Gina Marie Lindsey.“And with the opening of LAX Beach，we are going to see a lot more happy children on our international flights.” There are likely going to be a lot more happy adul

57、ts seated around those children on international flights as well with LAX Beach appearing in the international terminal. The play space—the first children’s play area in any LAX terminal—was built for the Los Angeles World Airports by terminal management company Westfield for 350,000.In addition to

58、 the beach-themed foam pieces，there’s a slide，an interactive light table and lifesavers for children to crawl through. The nearby seating overlooking the space offers a place for parents to relax and keep an eye on their kids. “Having a kid-centric place where kids can work off a bit of energy can

59、 be a real lifesaver，” said Rowan Kelleher.“The beach theme attempts to offer a sense of place，too，which is nice.” 11.What message does the writer try to get across to the readers? A.Most parents traveling with their children like to travel by air. B.It cost Westfield more than 350,000 to build t

60、he airport. C.The feeling for parents with kids who are waiting for a long time in an airport is terrible. D.Children who play in LAX Beach always sleep in the plane. 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“For families with young children，spending a long period of time in an airport terminal can be a kind of pai

61、n.Partly because of all the waiting around but also because the airport is just a stop—usually the first stop—in a long journey.”可知，對(duì)于那些在機(jī)場(chǎng)等待很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的孩子的父母來說，這種等待的感覺很糟糕。 12.What do you know about LAX Beach? A.It opens just on every Thursday. B.It’s designed with some oceanic features. C.You can see

62、some doctors played by dogs. D.Adults are not allowed to get into it but parents. 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“sculpted foam pieces that resemble waves，surfboards，beach toys and dolphins and is keeping in with the terminal’s overall architectural theme，which was inspired by the Pacific Ocean to the west

63、 of the airport.”可知LAX的設(shè)計(jì)帶有海洋的特色。 13.We can infer from the passage that LAX . A.will build more theme beaches B.is to the west of the Pacific Ocean C.will open to people of the city D.brings joy to children at the airport 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容及第五段中的“And with the opening of LAX Beach，w

64、e are going to see a lot more happy children on our international flights.”可知，LAX機(jī)場(chǎng)給孩子們帶來歡樂。 14.According to Rowan Kelleher，LAX Beach . A.is a landmark of Los Angeles B.is aimed for children’s safety C.offers kids a place to rest well D.offers parents a place to play with kids 答案　A 解析

65、　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“The beach theme attempts to offer a sense of place，too，which is nice.”可知，Rowan認(rèn)為這個(gè)機(jī)場(chǎng)是洛杉磯的地標(biāo)性地點(diǎn)。 15.What’s the main idea of the passage? A.Los Angeles airport will change its original style. B.Los Angeles airport gets beach-themed kids’ play area. C.Los Angeles airport will provid

66、e LAX Beach for kids for free. D.LAX Beach is the most popular place for kids in Los Angeles. 答案　B 解析　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹的是洛杉磯機(jī)場(chǎng)以海灘為主題的兒童游戲區(qū)，給孩子們帶來了歡樂。故選B。 Ⅲ.閱讀表達(dá) (2017·和平區(qū)二模) A generous stranger bought a plane ticket for a homeless mother to watch her three daughters compete at the AAU Junior Olympic Games.It is an annual event where kids in the US compete in sports. Sisters Tai Sheppard,11，Rainn Sheppard,10，and Brooke Sheppard,8—who began training in track and field in January of 20