2020高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 沖刺經(jīng)典專題 語法提分部分 1 八大句子成分教學(xué)案

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1、1.八大句子成分 一 主語——動作或狀態(tài)的執(zhí)行者 主語是句子的主體，是句子所要說明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是誰或什么，除倒裝句外，一般位于句子的開頭。主語通常由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句等充當(dāng)。 ①The Student Table Tennis Team of our school is looking for new members right now. 我們學(xué)校乒乓球隊正在招收新隊員。(名詞短語作主語) ②To start with, what I intend to stress is that we are about to start

2、our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 am next Friday. 首先，我想強調(diào)的是下星期五上午10點在教學(xué)樓第8教室我們將開始下堂課。(從句作主語) ③Forming a good habit in our daily life is of great benefit to us. 日常生活中養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣對我們非常有益。(動名詞短語作主語) 即時練1　 ①不同的人喜歡不同的季節(jié)；我最喜歡的季節(jié)是春季。(名詞短語作主語) ______________ like different seasons

3、; ______________ is spring. ②與別人友好相處是你應(yīng)該學(xué)會的第二件事。(不定式短語作主語) ______________________ is the second thing you should learn. ③我打算告訴你的是關(guān)于我們學(xué)校向你們班贈書之事。(從句作主語) ______________________ is about our school's donation of books to your class. 答案：①Different people; my favourite season?、赥o get along well with

4、 others　③What I am going to tell you 二 謂語——主語的行為或狀態(tài) 英語中動詞一共分為三大類：實義動詞、連系動詞和助動詞，實義動詞又分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。實義動詞可以單獨作謂語，其他種類的動詞都不能單獨作謂語，連系動詞需要和表語構(gòu)成謂語；助動詞及情態(tài)動詞需要和實義動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。 ①The earthquake happened in 2016. 地震發(fā)生在2016年。(實義動詞作謂語) ②The cake smells good. 蛋糕聞起來很好。(“連系動詞＋表語”作謂語) ③I have already filled in the

5、 application form. 我已經(jīng)填好了申請表。(“助動詞＋實義動詞”作謂語) 即時練2　 ①半小時后，我設(shè)法找到了正確答案。(實義動詞作謂語) Half an hour later, I ________ to find the correct answer. ②他早上七點起床時，腦海里突然有了個大計劃。(動詞或動詞短語作謂語) When he ____________ at 7：00 am, a big plan ____________ him. ③手表在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪惺潜匾?，但它的功能太簡單呆板了?系表結(jié)構(gòu)作謂語) The watch _________

6、___ in our daily life, but its function __________________. ④對于組織課堂活動，我們可能有不同的觀點。(“情態(tài)動詞＋實義動詞”作謂語) We __________ different opinions in organizing class activities. 答案：①managed?、趃ot up; occurred to　③is necessary; is too simple and dull?、躮ay have 三 賓語——動作的承受者 賓語是動作的對象或承受者，一般位于及物動詞或介詞的后面。可以用作賓語的有

7、：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞或從句等。 ①If you are interested in the Chinese folk art, please e-mail me. 如果你對中國民間藝術(shù)感興趣，請給我發(fā)郵件。(名詞短語作賓語；代詞作賓語) ②I plan to go for an outing, and I would like to invite you to participate. 我計劃去郊游，我想邀請你參加。(不定式作賓語) ③I think all our classmates have learned a lot from our communication

8、 and the various activities. 我認為我們所有的同班同學(xué)從交流和各種各樣的活動中學(xué)到了很多東西。(從句作賓語) ④What he says suggests that he cares little about others' pain or trouble, even if they're his friends. 他說的話表明他很少關(guān)心他人的痛苦或困難，即使他們是他的朋友。(從句作賓語) 即時練3　 ①我已經(jīng)寫了申請書和個人簡歷。(名詞短語作賓語) I've already written ________________________. ②他突然

9、想在啟程之前再看看這座城市的美景。(動名詞短語作賓語) Suddenly he thought of ____________________ before setting out. ③我們的成功取決于我們彼此合作的良好程度。(從句作賓語) Our success depends on _____________________. 答案：①the application letter and personal resume ②seeing the beautiful views of the city again ③how well we can cooperate with on

10、e another 四 表語——主語的特征 表語的功能是表述主語的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等，位于系動詞之后，與之構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)?？梢杂米鞅碚Z的有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語或從句等。 ①His theory sounds reasonable. 他的理論聽起來是合理的。(形容詞作表語) ②All the people are in high spirits. 所有的人都情緒高漲。(介詞短語作表語) 即時練4　 ①這次展覽的主題是環(huán)境保護。(名詞作表語) The theme of the show is __________________. ②

11、那時，我成了全班的焦點，充滿了自豪和自信。(形容詞短語作表語) At that moment, I became the focus of the whole class and was ______________________. ③幾分鐘過去了，但是整個班級一片寂靜。(介詞短語作表語) Several minutes passed but the whole class was ________________________. 答案：①environmental protection?、趂ull of great pride and confidence?、踚n complet

12、e silence 五 定語——名詞的修飾語 定語是用來描述名詞的品質(zhì)與特征的修飾語，它常和名詞構(gòu)成名詞短語。單個詞作定語時常放在被修飾詞之前，而短語或從句作定語時往往放在被修飾詞之后。可以用作定語的有：形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、動名詞、分詞或從句等。 Any student who is interested is welcome to participate. 歡迎任何感興趣的同學(xué)參加。(who引導(dǎo)的從句作定語) 即時練5　 ①我們可能有各種各樣應(yīng)對此類情形的方法。(不定式短語作定語) We may have various ways _______

13、___________. ②據(jù)報道，同學(xué)們提供的所有書籍都在幾天前送給了鄉(xiāng)下的孩子們。(過去分詞短語作定語) All the books ____________________ are reported to have been sent to the children in the countryside the other day. ③李華多么后悔把寶貴的時間浪費在玩電腦游戲上！(從句作定語) How Li Hua regretted the valuable time ________________________！ ④你認識那位住在隔壁的婦女嗎？(從句作定語) Do y

14、ou know the woman ________________？ 答案：①to deal with such a situation?、趏ffered by the students　③(that) he had spent on the computer games ④who lives next door 六 狀語——動詞、形容詞、副詞或句子的修飾語 狀語是用于修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子的一種成分。可以用作狀語的有：副詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、介詞短語、不定式、分詞、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或從句等。 ①Visiting this exhibition, we will not

15、only enjoy the folk art works, but also learn a lot. 參觀展覽時，我們不僅能欣賞民間藝術(shù)作品，而且能學(xué)習(xí)很多知識。(分詞作狀語) ②After every game we will select the best players. 每次比賽之后我們將選出最佳選手。(介詞短語作狀語) ③If you join, you may send your information to intlpssppt@. 要是你參加，請把信息發(fā)送到郵箱intlpssppt@。(從句作狀語) 即時練6　 ①旅行了一周后，他回到了家，感到很累但很高興。(

16、介詞短語和形容詞作狀語) __________________， he returned home, __________________. ②為了解決這個問題，我和同學(xué)們進行了討論，想出了一個建議并匯報給了校長。(不定式短語作狀語) ________________， my classmates and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion and later reported it to the headmaster. 答案：①After a week's trip; tired but very happy　②To solve

17、 this problem 七 補足語——對主語或賓語的補充說明 補足語是一種補充主語或賓語意義的句子成分。補充主語意義的句子成分叫作主語補足語；補充賓語意義的句子成分叫作賓語補足語?？梢杂米餮a足語的有：形容詞、名詞、不定式、分詞或介詞短語等。 Summer makes me full of energy and I feel I have the strength to do the most difficult things in my life. 夏天使我精力充沛，我感到我有力量去做我一生中最難做的事。(形容詞短語作賓補) 即時練7　 ①科普書能幫助我們學(xué)生對科學(xué)和自然更感

18、興趣。(不定式短語作賓補) Popular science books can help us students __________________________. ②為了學(xué)好英語，我們應(yīng)該找機會盡可能多地聽別人說英語。(過去分詞作賓補) To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ____________ as much as possible. ③我希望變化沒有給你帶來太多的麻煩。(名詞作賓補) I hope the change will not cause you ________

19、____. 答案：①(to) become more interested in science and nature?、趕poken　③too much trouble 八 同位語——同等重要的修飾語 對句子中的名詞或代詞的進一步解釋、說明，與前面的成分在語法上處于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位語?？梢杂米魍徽Z的有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、不定式、動名詞或從句等。 ①There is no doubt that I will improve its reputation through my efforts. 毫無疑問，通過我的努力我會提高它的聲譽。(從句作同位語) ②Per

20、sonally, I prefer the tour along the Yangtze, the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization. 就我個人而言，我更喜歡“長江之行”，長江是中國最長的河流、中華文明母親河之一。(名詞短語作同位語) 即時練8　 ①他們?nèi)齻€想一起步行周游世界。(數(shù)詞作同位語) They __________ want to travel around the world together on foot. ②我們打算去當(dāng)?shù)匾患揖蠢显哼^即將到來的重陽節(jié)，該節(jié)日顯示了我們

21、對老年人的尊重。(名詞作同位語) We are going to go to the local nursing home for the coming Double Ninth Festival, ________________ for us to show our respect for the elderly. ③我認為，我們應(yīng)該去幫助他們克服目前的困難。(從句作同位語) I hold the opinion __________________________. 答案：①three?、赼 holiday?、踭hat we should go and help them (to

22、) overcome the current difficulty [過關(guān)練] Ⅰ.分析句子成分 1. . ①________ ②________ ③________ ④________ ⑤________ 答案：①狀語?、谥髡Z　③謂語?、苜e語　⑤狀語 2. . ①________ ②________ ③________ ④________ 答案：①狀語?、谥髡Z?、壑^語?、苜e語 3. . ①________ ②________ ③________ ④________ ⑤________ 答案：①主語　②謂語?、圪e語　④賓補?、轄钫Z 4.

23、. ①________ ②________ ③________ 答案：①主語?、诙ㄕZ?、壑^語(系動詞＋表語) 5. . ①________ ②________ ③________ ④________ 答案：①狀語　②主語?、壑^語　④主補 6. . ①________ ②________ ③________ 答案：①主語?、谥^語?、弁徽Z Ⅱ.按要求完成下面短文 Dear Mr Headmaster， I'm Li Yue, __1__ (高三一班的學(xué)生，用名詞作同位語). I am writing to draw your attention to improp

24、er behaviour, __2__ [其中最常見的是隨意亂涂(scribble)和亂丟垃圾(litter)，用定語從句]. It makes our school __3__ (臟亂不堪，用形容詞作賓補) and does harm to the image of our shool. I always feel ashamed __4__ (每當(dāng)我看到這點時，用狀語從句). It is not appropriate __5__ (對學(xué)生來說隨意亂涂和亂丟垃圾，用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作真正主語). I wonder __6__ (是否學(xué)校能夠放置更多的垃圾箱，用賓語從句) and set u

25、p special rules against such behaviour. At the same time, students __7__ (應(yīng)該被鼓勵，用被動語態(tài)作謂語) to develop good habits and better behave themselves. I believe that, with the joint efforts of both teachers and students, our school will become __8__ (一個更令人愉快的地方，用名詞短語作表語) in the near future. Thank you for yo

26、ur consideration. Yours faithfully， Li Yue 1．____________________　2.____________________ 3．____________________　4.____________________ 5．____________________　6.____________________ 7．____________________　8.____________________ 答案：1.a student from Class 1, Senior 3　2.of which scribbling and littering are the most common　3.dirty and unpleasant　4.whenever I see this　5.for a student to scribble and litter　6.if/whether the school could place more dustbins　7.should be encouraged　8.a more enjoyable place - 7 -