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1、第3講　議論文和說明文 議論文和說明文的完形填空都屬于較難的文體，在全國卷中出現(xiàn)的頻率很低，議論文在全國卷中基本沒有考查，說明文也僅僅是在2012年和2014年出現(xiàn)過兩次，不過也應(yīng)加以足夠重視。 議論文是一種剖析事物、論述事理、發(fā)表見解或提出主張的說理性文章。這類文章或從正面提出某種見解、主張，或是駁斥別人的錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)。議論文類完形填空具有如下特點(diǎn)： (1)首句制勝，論點(diǎn)明確。議論文一般都在首句提出論點(diǎn)，然后在各段的前句提出分論點(diǎn)。 (2)結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，邏輯通順。作者為了使文章的脈絡(luò)清晰，一般會(huì)使用一些邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)詞(或短語)，如on the contrary, all in all, in

2、 short, generally, surely, obviously等。 (3)方法論證，合情合理。議論文都是按一定的方法來論證的。常用的論證方法有：歸納法、推理法、對(duì)照法。 說明文常就某一個(gè)問題、某一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象、某一個(gè)產(chǎn)品的制作過程和使用方法、某個(gè)科學(xué)成就或人類生活中所面臨的某個(gè)具體的難題等從不同角度來加以說明。說明文一般有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)模式：①總分式：包括“總—分”“分—總”“總—分—總”等具體形式；②遞進(jìn)式： 一層一層地剖析事理，所以事理說明文多采用這種形式。常用空間順序、時(shí)間順序、邏輯順序等去組織文章。 議論文可利用以下幾種技巧： 1．把握首句和首段的完整信息，從而去掌握文章

3、的中心論點(diǎn)：議論文的論點(diǎn)一般出現(xiàn)在首句或首段，因此我們要認(rèn)真閱讀這部分內(nèi)容，以便掌握文章的導(dǎo)向，也有利于我們對(duì)上下文的理解。 2．把握作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度：議論文往往體現(xiàn)作者對(duì)某一事物的觀點(diǎn)，而作者的觀點(diǎn)就是文章的論點(diǎn)。考生要去把握作者的觀點(diǎn)，了解作者對(duì)某一事物的態(tài)度是褒還是貶，是贊成還是反對(duì)，通過把握作者的觀點(diǎn)也就找準(zhǔn)了文章的論點(diǎn)。 3．論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)相互結(jié)合：一般來說，能說明論據(jù)主要內(nèi)容的答案可以在論點(diǎn)里得到印證，而論點(diǎn)里的某些答案也可以與論據(jù)有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來，使論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)形成相輔相成的關(guān)系，從而使整篇文章上下一致。如果我們所選的答案前后矛盾，論據(jù)與論點(diǎn)相悖，那么我們就要重新梳理文章，這樣才能得到

4、正確的答案。 說明文可利用以下方法： 1．理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，了解文章主旨：對(duì)全文有一個(gè)清晰的概念，理清了文章的結(jié)構(gòu)才能掌握文章的主旨。 2．掌握說明順序，弄懂邏輯關(guān)系：掌握了文章是按時(shí)間、空間、邏輯或認(rèn)知等的順序去組織后，考生才能理順邏輯關(guān)系，才能找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵信息，才能得出正確推論。 3．明白所舉事例，找準(zhǔn)突破口：為了說明一件事情或一個(gè)道理，說明文中常使用舉例的方法，明白了所舉的事例，也就找到了做題的突破口。 真題導(dǎo)練 (2014·全國卷Ⅰ)As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are perf

5、ormed on a routine (常規(guī)) basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this __41__ at work in people of all __42__. For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about __43__ with their new toys. But their __44__ soon wears off and by January those __45__ toys can be found put away in the basemen

6、t. The world is full of __46__ stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone's __47__ interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child __48__ bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the __49__ of caring for the animal is handed over to the parent

7、s. Adolescents enter high school with great __50__ but are soon looking forward to __51__. The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many __52__， who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work, __53__ drove for hours at a time when they first __54__ their driver's lic

8、enses (執(zhí)照)? Before people retire, they usually __55__ to do a lot of __56__ things, which they never had __57__ to do while working. But __58__ after retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they __59__. And, like the child in Janua

9、ry, they go searching for new __60__. 41．A.principle B．habit C．way D．power 42．A.parties B．races C．countries D．a(chǎn)ges 43．A.working B．living C．playing D．going 44．A.confidence B．interest C．a(chǎn)nxiety D．sorrow 45．A.same B．extra C．funny D．expensive 46．A.well-organized

10、 B．colorfully-printed C．newly-collected D．half-filled 47．A.broad B．passing C．different D．main 48．A.silently B．impatiently C．gladly D．worriedly 本文是一篇議論文。文章以小孩、青少年、成年人和一些退休的人為例，論述了人們有時(shí)難以長時(shí)間專注于一種活動(dòng)。 41．根據(jù)上文“As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are p

11、erformed on a routine (常規(guī)) basis.”可知，此處指的是我們能夠看到這一原則起作用。故選A。 42．根據(jù)下文列舉的例子可知，這一原則適用于各個(gè)年齡階段的人。故選D。 43．根據(jù)常識(shí)并結(jié)合空格后的“with their new toys”可知，此處指孩子們對(duì)玩新玩具感到興奮，動(dòng)詞短語play_with意為“玩弄”。故選C。 44．根據(jù)第47空后的“interest”可知，此處指孩子們對(duì)新玩具的興趣很快就會(huì)消退。故選B。 45．此處指到一月份的時(shí)候，同樣的那些玩具就被發(fā)現(xiàn)被棄置在地下室里了。故選A。 46．根據(jù)下文的“unfinished models”可推

12、斷，此處指世界上充滿了沒有完成的集郵冊。故選D。 47．結(jié)合上文中的“But their __44__ soon wears off”可知，此處指的是短暫的/一時(shí)的興趣。故選B。 48．此處指當(dāng)父母把寵物帶回家的時(shí)候，他們的孩子會(huì)很高興地為寵物洗澡和梳理毛發(fā)。故選C。 49．此處指不久照料動(dòng)物的重?fù)?dān)就交給父母了。burden意為“負(fù)荷/重?fù)?dān)”，符合語境。故選B。 50．此處指青少年剛進(jìn)入高中的時(shí)候很興奮。故選D。 51．根據(jù)上文中的“but are soon looking forward to”的轉(zhuǎn)折可知，青少年十分興奮地進(jìn)入高中，但是不久就開始盼望著畢業(yè)。故選A。 52．根據(jù)下

13、文“complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work”可判斷，空格處指的是具有駕駛資格的成年人。故選C。 53．根據(jù)設(shè)空后的“drove for hours at a time when they first”可推斷，他們剛拿到駕照時(shí)渴望連續(xù)幾個(gè)小時(shí)駕車。故選B。 49．A.promise B．burden C．right D．game 50．A.courage B．calmness C．confusion D．excitement 51．A.graduation B．independence C．respons

14、ibility D．success 52．A.children B．students C．a(chǎn)dults D．retirees 53．A.carefully B．eagerly C．nervously D．bravely 54．A.required B．obtained C．noticed D．discovered 55．A.need B．learn C．start D．plan 56．A.great B．strange C．difficult D．correct 57．A.time B．money

15、C．skills D．knowledge 58．A.only B．well C．even D．soon 59．A.lost B．chose C．left D．quit 60．A.pets B．toys C．friends D．colleagues　　　　 54.根據(jù)下文中的“their driver's licenses (執(zhí)照)”可知，此處指的是成年人剛獲得/得到他們的駕照。故選B。 55．在退休前，人們計(jì)劃做很多在工作時(shí)沒時(shí)間做的事情。故選D。 56．根據(jù)下文的“the golfing, the fishing, the read

16、ing”可知，這些都是美好的事情。故選A。 57．此處指計(jì)劃退休后做的事都是工作時(shí)沒有時(shí)間做的。故選A。 58．此處指退休后不久，他們感到打高爾夫、釣魚、讀書和所有其他的消遣方式都和曾經(jīng)的工作一樣變得無聊了。故選D。 59．這些想做的事就像他們退休時(shí)離開的那份工作一樣變得索然無味了。they left是定語從句，修飾限定the_jobs。故選C。 60．根據(jù)上文“l(fā)ike the child in January”可知，就像在一月份的孩子，他們又去尋找新的玩具了。故選B。 過關(guān)檢測(限時(shí)：45分鐘) (2019·安徽師大附中期中)In a world where compari

17、sons happen non-stop, it is difficult to look outside yourself and to ever be __1__ with who you are. There's always someone who's a bit __2__. The only solution is to reach __3__ and measure against what Warren Buffett calls your own inner yardstick. There is no more __4__ measure for comparison th

18、an who you were yesterday, last week or last decade, when you were at your __5__. Nothing useful ever comes from comparison to others. __6__ you see yourself better than someone and you get __7__， or you see someone else better than you and you feel like all your hard work is for __8__. It is a foo

19、l's game. Not one of us is exactly __9__. The only direct and honest comparison is __10__ yourself. Everything else is apples to oranges. My opinion is that you are only __11__ to compare yourself to someone else if their life __12__ is the same as your own. Good luck finding that match. And one th

20、ing is for sure. No matter how hard you work and how __13__ you are, there will always be someone who can run a little faster, jump a little higher, score a little better or look a little nicer in a swimsuit. And if there's not, you can __14__ someone is coming up fast behind you. So how can you alw

21、ays win in life? Become your best __15__. Having an image of your most recent past limits is the perfect thing to __16__ you to the next level. If you ran 7 flights of stairs yesterday, then do 8 today. Who __17__ if the guy next to you did 15? It doesn't make a bit of __18__. You are a more fit

22、 person today than you were yesterday. Your own __19__ is all you need. If you __20__ to a slightly higher standard of yourself every day, you will always be at the top of your game. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文。作者在文中論述了和別人比較沒有意義。我們要和過去的自己比較，每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，自己才能超越別人，穩(wěn)步向前，勝利屬于自己。 1．A.patient B．strict C．content

23、 D．concerned 答案：C　由前一句所述這個(gè)世界充滿對(duì)比可知，我們總是無法對(duì)自己滿意。content “滿意的”符合語境。 2．A.stronger B．wiser C．lazier D．better 答案：D　由第13空后的描述可知，這里泛指總會(huì)有人比你好。故選D項(xiàng)。 3．A.out B．up C．inside D．outside 答案：C　根據(jù)本句中的“your own inner yardstick”可知，此處表述唯一的解決辦法就是深入我們的內(nèi)心，按照我們自己的內(nèi)在的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來衡量自己。 故選C。 4．A.accur

24、ate B．careful C．useful D．powerful 答案：A　除了和過去的你相比，沒有更為精確的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)了。accurate “精確的”，符合語境。 5．A.end B．best C．side D．convenience 答案：B　人們要和自己過去比的話，應(yīng)該是和過去最佳時(shí)期進(jìn)行比較。at one's best “處于最佳狀態(tài)”，符合語境。 6．A.Whether B．If C．Once D．Either 答案：D　由第7空后的“or”及語境可知，此處構(gòu)成either ... or ... 結(jié)構(gòu)，故選D項(xiàng)。

25、7．A.lazy B．inspired C．busy D．satisfied 答案：A　由“or”連接的下一分句中的“all your hard work”可知，前一分句表示：要么你看到自己比別人強(qiáng)的時(shí)候，你會(huì)變得懶惰，不思進(jìn)取。故lazy “懶惰的”符合語境。 8．A.fun B．nothing C．sure D．success 答案：B　此處表示第二種情況：要么你看到別人比你好，你會(huì)覺得你所有的努力都沒價(jià)值。for nothing意為“徒然地，沒有結(jié)果地”。 9．A.equal B．unique C．a(chǎn)like D．com

26、mon 答案：C　和別人去比較是傻子的游戲，所以文章強(qiáng)調(diào)不要和別人去比，因?yàn)槿撕腿瞬煌?。alike “相似的”符合語境。 10．A.to B．by C．for D．within 答案：D　文章第一段最后提到要和昨天的自己、上周的自己或者是10年前的自己去比較，用自己內(nèi)在的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)去衡量自己，所以在此應(yīng)該是自己內(nèi)在的比較，故D項(xiàng)正確。 11．A.allowed B．suggested C．instructed D．directed 答案：A　此處表述你只可以與那些和你生活狀況一樣的人去比較。即允許自己和別人相比較。allow “允許”符合句意。

27、 12．A.position B．situation C．occasion D．a(chǎn)ccommodation 答案：B　和別人比較要在同等情況下進(jìn)行比較，也就是生活境況(situation)相同的，否則沒有可比性。 13．A.diligent B．dedicated C．optimistic D．a(chǎn)ddicted 答案：B　由句中的“how hard you work”及下句中的語境可推知，此處表述不管你工作多么努力且多么投入，總是有人會(huì)跑得比你快，跳得比你高。故dedicated “專注的，獻(xiàn)身的”符合句意。 14．A.declare B．c

28、onclude C．a(chǎn)nnounce D．bet 答案：D　即使現(xiàn)在沒人比你強(qiáng)，肯定也有人在背后努力會(huì)超過你的。慣用搭配you can bet意為“肯定，毫無疑問”符合語境。 15．A.assistant B．coach C．competitor D．teacher 答案：C　作者強(qiáng)調(diào)不要和別人去比，要自己和自己比，要讓今天的自己超越昨天的自己，所以自己才是自己的競爭對(duì)手。故選C。 16．A.lead B．push C．expose D．cause 答案：B　由下一句中關(guān)于自我超越的例子可知，此處表述對(duì)你最近能達(dá)到的最大

29、限度有所了解可以推動(dòng)自己朝下一個(gè)高度前進(jìn)。push “推；推動(dòng)”，符合語境。 17．A.wonders B．says C．cares D．a(chǎn)sks 答案：C　從上文可知，作者要人們自己給自己設(shè)定目標(biāo)，每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)超越自己，而不去和別人比。who cares if ... 表示不在意某事，故選C。 18．A.difference B．sense C．change D．effort 答案：A　別人做得再好和我們也毫無關(guān)系，我們只和自己比較，所以即使你跑7段樓梯，別人跑15段，那也和我們一點(diǎn)關(guān)系都沒有。make a difference意為

30、“有關(guān)系，有影響”。故選A項(xiàng)。 19．A.benefit B．result C．habit D．progress 答案：D　從上下文可知，此處是指我們沒必要去和別人比，去看別人的成績，只要我們自己每天都在進(jìn)步，那么我們就是一個(gè)成功的人，你的進(jìn)步就是你需要的東西。故progress “進(jìn)步，進(jìn)展”符合語境。 20．A.commit B．devote C．tend D．contribute 答案：A　如果你保證每天都有所提高，那么你將永遠(yuǎn)都是勝利者。commit “保證”符合語境。 (2019·江西省高三畢業(yè)班新課程教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測)There

31、 are too many fat people in America, so many Americans are fighting against overweight. But the __1__ thing is that the French, who consume rich food, __2__ to stay thin. Now a __3__ by Cornell University suggests __4__ life style and decisions about __5__ may affect weight. Researchers concluded th

32、at the French tend to stop eating when they feel __6__. However, Americans tend to stop when their __7__ are empty or their favorite TV show is over. According to Dr Joseph Mercola, a __8__ expert, the French see eating __9__ an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore s

33、pend a __10__ time at the table, while Americans see eating as __11__ to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans __12__ the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have __13__. In addition, he points out that

34、 Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and __14__ foods for the week. The French, __15__ tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers' markets where they have a __16__ of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high－quality meats for each meal. After a visit to the U

35、nited States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don't Get Fat, decided to __17__ about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid __18__. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym. In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recen

36、t life style __19__ may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity (肥胖)—or extreme overweight—among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains __20__ and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%—and is growing. 篇章

37、導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要通過對(duì)比，介紹了法國人吃大量油膩食品，但仍然保持苗條身材的原因：生活方式和飲食習(xí)慣。 1．A.present B．natural C．strange D．modern 答案：C　與空前面的“There are too many fat people in America”很多美國人超重對(duì)比，令人奇怪的是，法國人，他們吃大量的油膩食品，但卻持續(xù)保持很瘦的身材。故選C。 2．A.continue B．move C．try D．expand 答案：A　根據(jù)該空前面的“tha

38、t the French, who consume rich food”可知，令人奇怪的是，法國人，他們吃大量的油膩食品，但卻持續(xù)保持很瘦的身材。選A。 3．A.research B．novel C．book D．newspaper 答案：A　由下文中的“Researchers”可知，Cornell大學(xué)做的一個(gè)研究表明生活方式和決定可能會(huì)影響體重。A項(xiàng)正確。 4．A.that B．what C．how D．when 答案：A　設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)從句作suggest的賓語，該從句結(jié)構(gòu)意思完整，故應(yīng)用that引

39、導(dǎo)。選A。 5．A.working B．living C．studying D．eating 答案：D　由該空后面的“affect weight”可推知，生活方式和飲食習(xí)慣可能會(huì)影響體重。選D。 6．A.sensitive B．sad C．happy D．full 答案：D　當(dāng)法國人感到吃飽了的時(shí)候，他們就不再吃東西了。選D。 7．A.pockets B．refrigerators C．houses D．plates 答案：D　由下文“are

40、empty or their favorite TV show is over”可知，與法國人形成對(duì)照的是，美國人只有在盤子里空了(即沒有東西可吃了)或者他們最喜歡的電視劇結(jié)束的時(shí)候他們才停止吃東西。選D。 8．A.education B．health C．literature D．speech 答案：B　由下文中“Dr Joseph Mercola”的觀點(diǎn)可知，他是一位健康專家。選B。 9．A.into B．a(chǎn)s C．inside D．to 答案：B　法國人將吃看作是他們生活方式中非常重要的一部

41、分。see ... as ... 意為“將……看作……”，是固定搭配。故選B。 10．A.fairly long B．quite short C．very exciting D．rather fast 答案：A　法國人喜歡食物，所以他們花了相當(dāng)長的時(shí)間在餐桌旁。選A。 11．A.anything B．something C．everything D．nothing 答案：B　根據(jù)該空后面的“to be squeezed between the other daily activities”可知， 美國人

42、將吃看作是一件在其他日常活動(dòng)中擠出來的事情。選B。 12．A.get B．bring C．lose D．receive 答案：C　由下文中的“they keep eating long”可知，當(dāng)美國人實(shí)際上已經(jīng)飽了的時(shí)候，他們感覺不到(自己已經(jīng)吃飽了)。指他們喪失了這種能力。故選C。 13．A.kept B．enjoyed C．went D．stopped 答案：D　美國人喪失了感覺自己吃飽的能力，所以當(dāng)法國人(感到飽了而)停止吃食物時(shí)，美國人還會(huì)一直吃很長時(shí)間。D項(xiàng)正確。 14．A.hot

43、 B．cool C．warm D．frozen 答案：D　根據(jù)上文“Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned”可知，美國人往往會(huì)開車去大超市買一周吃的罐裝和冷凍食品。選D。 15．A.therefore B．instead C．however D．merely 答案：B　與前面的美國人往往會(huì)開車去大超市買一周吃的罐裝和冷凍食品對(duì)比，相反地(instead)，法國人卻每天都去購物，步行到小的商店去買新鮮的水果、蔬菜和雞蛋等食物。選B。 16

44、．A.choice B．message C．order D．number 答案：A　結(jié)合該空后面的“of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high－quality meats for each meal”可知，法國人往往會(huì)選擇新鮮水果、蔬菜和雞蛋等食物。選A。 17．A.write B．read C．speak D．think 答案：A　由該空前面的“author of French Women Don't Get Fat”可知，Mireille G

45、uiliano是一位作家，所以她決定寫關(guān)于知道何時(shí)停止吃東西的重要性。選A。 18．A.fruit B．food C．oil D．egg 答案：B　根據(jù)語境可知Mireille Guiliano決定寫關(guān)于知道何時(shí)停止吃東西的重要性而不是建議人們?nèi)绾伪苊獬阅承┦澄?。選B。 19．A.examples B．tradition C．changes D．stories 答案：C　由下文講法國青少年對(duì)傳統(tǒng)飲食習(xí)慣的拋棄和肥胖率的增加可知，此處表明最近的生活方式的改變可能會(huì)影響法國人的飲食習(xí)慣。change “

46、改變；變化”。選C。 20．A.failure B．success C．a(chǎn)cceptance D．rejection 答案：C　由該空后面的“the young reject older traditions”可知，法國的年輕人拒絕傳統(tǒng)食物，由此可知，他們越來越接受美國的快餐。故選C。 強(qiáng)化特訓(xùn)10　議論文和說明文(一)(限時(shí)：35分鐘) [1] Expressive arts therapy is a form of therapy that uses dance, drama, music, poetry, and art to enha

47、nce one's overall well－being. The arts are used to let go, __1__ and to release. People have been using the arts as tools for __2__for many centuries. In the early 1940's expressive arts therapy became formally __3__ and has since provided meaningful therapeutic __4__ for people of all ages in a va

48、riety of treatment settings. There is no right or wrong way in the arts and clients are encouraged to be __5__ with self－expression. Expressive arts therapy focuses on the __6__ of making art and exploring __7__ the piece means to the individual, __8__ the final product. Through the arts, people ca

49、n __9__ ideas and feelings that may be hard to put into words, such as negative memories and stress. It has been __10__ that use of the arts can help people develop social skills, __11__ anxiety, manage behavior, and increase self－confidence. A free form of expression makes clients __12__ of their o

50、wn work by reducing the need to compare themselves to others, an unfortunate problem seen today. Expressive arts therapists are professionally __13__. Anyone can be an expressive art therapist provided that they get the appropriate training. Knowledge in psychology is __14__ to all training, but fr

51、om there training __15__ includes getting a master's degree in counseling with specialized instruction in implementing (實(shí)施) the art, music, poetry, and dance/movement therapeutically. Some professionals extend their __16__ and obtain a PhD in expressive therapy. __17__ expressive arts therapy is un

52、ique, the clinical goal is __18__ to other mental health professions. This __19__ is to facilitate clients' growth and __20__ change. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。在心理學(xué)上，表達(dá)性藝術(shù)治療借助舞蹈、戲劇、音樂、繪畫等方式，把內(nèi)心的真實(shí)狀況表達(dá)出來，從而達(dá)到心理治療的目的。 1．A.admit B．express C．examine D．trust 答案：B　根據(jù)該空前后的“Expressive arts therapy”和“l(fā)et go”以及

53、“release”可知，該空填express符合語境。 2．A.explaining B．proving C．healing D．judging 答案：C　根據(jù)文章開頭的“Expressive arts therapy”可知，它是一種治療的方法，故填healing。 3．A.recognized B．relieved C．a(chǎn)ffected D．controlled 答案：A　在20世紀(jì)40年代早期，表達(dá)性藝術(shù)治療被正式認(rèn)可(recognized)，自此以后，該治療手法就給各類人提供了重要的治療體驗(yàn)經(jīng)歷(experiences)。 4．A.results

54、 B．experiences C．causes D．questions 答案：B　experience “經(jīng)歷”，符合語境。 5．A.angry B．bored C．strict D．free 答案：D　根據(jù)第12空格前的“A free form of expression”可知，表達(dá)性藝術(shù)治療鼓勵(lì)人們自由(free)地表達(dá)自我，并沒有對(duì)錯(cuò)之分。 6．A.secret B．technique C．difficulty D．process 答案：D　根據(jù)第8空格后的“the final product”可知，表達(dá)性藝術(shù)治療注重創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)的過程(pro

55、cess)，注重作品對(duì)于個(gè)人的意義所在(what)，而非(rather than)最終的作品。 7．A.when B．which C．what D．where 答案：C　此處用what表示“什么”，引導(dǎo)賓語從句。 8．A.as to B．or rather C．rather than D．other than 答案：C　rather than “而不是”，符合語境。 9．A.communicate B．produce C．reject D．test 答案：A　根據(jù)該空格后的“be hard to put into words”可知，通過表達(dá)

56、性藝術(shù)治療，人們可以將那些無法訴諸語言的想法和情感表達(dá)(communicate)出來。 10．A.offered B．shown C．guided D．driven 答案：B　根據(jù)該空格后的運(yùn)用表達(dá)性藝術(shù)治療的好處可知，填shown符合語境。 11．A.create B．feel C．reduce D．recall 答案：C　根據(jù)該空格前后內(nèi)容可知，該句在談運(yùn)用表達(dá)性藝術(shù)治療的好處，故填reduce符合語境。 12．A.tired B．proud C．a(chǎn)fraid D．unaware 答案：B　根據(jù)該空格后的“reducing the ne

57、ed to compare themselves to others”可知，自由表達(dá)的方式讓人們對(duì)自己的作品感到自豪(proud)。 13．A.hired B．served C．a(chǎn)warded D．trained 答案：D　根據(jù)下一句中的“get the appropriate training”可知，該空填trained。 14．A.basic B．enough C．impossible D．strange 答案：A　根據(jù)該空格后的內(nèi)容可知，心理學(xué)知識(shí)是所有培訓(xùn)的基本(basic)內(nèi)容。 15．A.finally B．typically C．lu

58、ckily D．hardly 答案：B　根據(jù)該空格后列出的培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容可知，這些都是比較有典型意義的培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容，故填typically。 16．A.visit B．life C．education D．money 答案：C　根據(jù)該空格后的“obtain a PhD in expressive therapy”可知，一些專家擴(kuò)展教育(education)內(nèi)容。 17．A.If B．Although C．Unless D．Since 答案：B　雖然(Although)表達(dá)性藝術(shù)治療很獨(dú)特，但是臨床目標(biāo)與其他的心理健康行業(yè)是相似的(similar)。 18．A

59、.unequal B．friendly C．known D．similar 答案：D　be similar to “與……相似”，符合語境。 19．A.goal B．profession C．clinic D．theory 答案：A　根據(jù)該空格前一句中的“the clinical goal”可知，該空填goal。 20．A.unwelcome B．seasonal C．positive D．cultural 答案：C　根據(jù)該空格前的growth可知，該空填positive符合語境。 [2] I asked my grandpa what

60、it feels like to grow old. He pondered (深思) this __1__ while he gazed out the window and looked at his yard, which has gone into a state of __2__ in recent years. Grandpa no longer possesses the __3__ to maintain its former splendor (光輝)． Grandpa took a sip of his tea, still pondering my question o

61、n __4__. Then he asked me a question. “Have you ever been in a hot shower when the water ran __5__？” I told him I had. “That's what aging __6__，” he says. “In the beginning of your life, it's like you're taking a hot shower. __7__ the water is too warm, but you get used to the __8__ and begin enjoy

62、ing it. When you're __9__， you think it's going to be this way forever. “__10__ you begin to feel it somewhere between your 40s and 50s. The water temperature drops just the slightest bit. You try to __11__ you don't feel it, but you still turn the faucet (龍頭) up to stay __12__. But the water keeps

63、 going lukewarm. One day you __13__ the faucet can't go up any farther, and from here on the temperature begins to drop—you __14__ feel the warmth leaving your body. “It's a rather __15__ feeling. The water is still pleasant, but you know it'll soon become cold and there's nothing you can do. I kn

64、ew a few people who decided to __16__ the shower. They knew it was __17__ going to get warmer, so why prolong the inevitable (必然的)? I was able to stay in because I contented myself by __18__ the showers of my youth.” Later on that day, after dinner, I saw him __19__ in the chair. I thought about wa

65、king him up but decided not to disturb him. I hoped he was __20__ the dreams of his youth and remembering the warmth of days gone by, the days before the water ran cold. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文。記住那些溫暖的過往歲月，坦然面對(duì)歲月的流逝，生命的蒼老。 1．A.result B．question C．process D．method 答案：B　根據(jù)第一句可知，作者提出一個(gè)問題，故填question。 2

66、．A.shock B．depression C．decline D．emergency 答案：C　由下文可知，由于祖父沒有精力(energy)去維持庭院昔日的光輝，所以庭院處于衰敗(decline)的狀態(tài)。 3．A.energy B．fortune C．talent D．space 答案：A　energy “精力”，符合語境。 4．A.loss B．a(chǎn)ging C．yard D．tea 答案：B　根據(jù)第一段第一句中的“grow old”可知，作者的問題是有關(guān)衰老(aging)的。 5．A.strong B．dry C．short D．cold 答案：D　根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“ran cold”可知該空答案為D。 6．A.relies on B．comes up C．slows down D．feels like 答案：D　根據(jù)下文可知，祖父認(rèn)為那就是所謂的衰老，故填feels like。 7．A.At least B．Above all C．At first D．After all