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1、單項填空單項填空 一一 1. Was it on a lonely island _ he was saved one month after the boat went down?(2011四川卷) A. where B. that C. which D. what B考查強調句。此處為強調句的一般疑問句。強調句的一般疑問句構成是:is/was it 被強調部分that其他部分。該句可以還原為一個陳述句:He was saved on a lonely island one month after the boat went down. 句意:他是不是在船沉沒后一個月,在那座孤島上被救起的?
2、 思路點撥思路點撥 2. If you have a job, _ yourself to it and finally youll succeed. (2010四川卷) A. do devote B. dont devote C. devoting D. not devoting A考查謂語動詞的強調及“祈使句and將來時句子”的固定搭配。句意為:“如果你有了一份工作,付出努力去做它,最后你定能成功?!?思路點撥思路點撥 Is _ three hours _ the boy _ family is poor to come to school on foot? A. it; that; wh
3、ose B. it; that it takes; whose C. it for; that it takes; whose D. it; when; that強調句型 【考點1】強調句型的基本結構 B這是一個強調句,強調作賓語的時間名詞three hours, the boy后接一個定語從句, whose作定語修飾family。句意:那位家境貧寒的男孩花了3個小時徒步來到學校嗎? 強調句型的基本結構是: It be 被強調部分 that(who)。 強調句的一般疑問句形式為: Is(Was)被強調部分that/who? 強 調 句 的 特 殊 疑 問 句 形 式 為 : Who/When/
4、Where/Why is (was) it that? 強調句若以特殊疑問句形式出現(xiàn),很容易誤解。比較: Why is it that he cant come? 他為什么不能來? What is it that he wants to buy? 他想要買什么?以上兩句可視為由以下陳述句轉換而來: It is because he is ill that he cant come.It is a computer that he wants to buy. 當強調人時,可用who代替其中的that, 當強調時間和地點時,不能用when和where代替that。 【考點2】not until用于
5、強調句 It was not until _ that I knew the truth. (2011四川成都外國語學校高三月考卷) A. you told me B. did you tell me C. had you told me D. you have told me A該句強調了not until you told me。在強調not until句型時要將not 與until放在一起,并且語序不變的。 其基本形式為It is (was) not until that 。如: It was not until yesterday that we knew about it. My f
6、ather and my mother have been married for 30 years, and never once _ with each other. (2011福建省三明二中高三二模卷) A. have they quarreled B. they have quarreled C. did they quarrel D. had they quarreled倒裝句 【考點1】部分倒裝 A表否定意義的副詞放于句首時后引起部分倒裝。即:否定意義副詞助動詞主語動詞。 The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not onl
7、y_, but students became more interested in the lessons. A. saved was teachers energy B. was teachers energy saved C. teachers energy was saved D. was saved teachers energy B解答該題的關鍵是要能夠識別由并列連接詞not onlybut(also)所引導的句子結構。根據(jù)語法規(guī)則,由并列連詞not onlybut (also)連接的兩個分句, not only引導的這個分句應該用部分倒裝結構,后一個分句不用倒裝結構。D項為完全倒
8、裝結構。 部分否定即將主語與助動詞倒置,其結構與疑問句大致相同。構成部分倒裝的主要情形有: 1. 含否定意義的詞(如: never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, not only, no sooner, not a single , no longer, nowhere, by no means, at no time, neither, nor等)置于句首時,其后用部分倒裝。 2. so表示前面所說的情況也適合于另一個人或物時,意為“也一樣”, 用“so助動詞主語”這樣的倒裝句式。若講述的情況屬于同一個人或物時,意為“的確如此”,
9、 主謂不倒裝。要注意如果一個并列句中含有兩個性質不同的謂語,另一個省略的倒裝結構要用“So it is/was with sb./sth.”或 “It is/was the same with sb./sth.”來表示。 3. only加狀語(即: only副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句等)放在句首時,其后用部分倒裝。 4. 當虛擬條件句含有were, should, had時,可省略if, 將were, should, had置句首。 5. so / such that結構中,將so / such 置于句首時,主句要用部分倒裝。 【考點2】完全倒裝 Out _, still discussing
10、the fashion show with great interest. (2011江蘇南京金陵中學高三模擬卷) A. walked a crowd of young girls B. did a crowd of young girls walk C. were walking a crowd of young girls D. a crowd of young girls were walking A方位副詞out 放于句首,后用全部倒裝。即謂語動詞全部在主語之前。 完全倒裝即將謂語移到主語前。構成完全倒裝的情形主要有: 1. 以now, then, here, there, out,
11、in, up, down, off, away等副詞開頭的句子,且句子主語是名詞時,句子常用完全倒裝。若主語為代詞,則不用倒裝。 2. 將表語和地點狀語(多為介詞短語)置于句首加以強調時,其后通常用倒裝語序。 【考點3】另類倒裝 That boy enjoys drawing very much. _, I have never seen anyone else who is as enthusiastic about drawing as he is. A. As long as I have traveled B. Traveled so much as I have C. As I ha
12、ve traveled so much D. Much as I have traveled Das引導的讓步狀語從句中,可將副詞提前至句首。 1. as引導的讓步狀語從句中,必須將表語、狀語或動詞原形提到as前面。若提前的表語是名詞,一般不用冠詞。 2. 當such用作表語時,通常采用倒裝語序。 3. 有時為了強調,可將謂語部分的分詞或不定式置于句首,從而構成倒裝。 It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine. _, wed better take it to the garage immediately. (2011江蘇卷)
13、 A. Otherwise B. If not C. But for that D. If so省略句 Dif so if it is so。it代指It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine. 這件事。 Will he fail in the exam? _. A. Dont hope to B. Lets hope not C. Not hope so D. Lets hope not to B考查用so, not省略前面提到的事,表肯定與否定。so可代替單詞、詞組、句子,作believe, do, expect, gues
14、s, hope, fear, imagine, suppose, think等詞的賓語;not代替否定的句子,用法與so相似。根據(jù)句意“(讓)我們希望他考試不要失敗”和語法規(guī)則,為了不重復別人的話,表示否定意義時, hope只用(I) hope not的形式。 1. 在時間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中,當從句的主語跟主句的主語一致時,從句的主語可以省略,同時將從句的謂語動詞變成分詞形式。 2. 在時間、地點、條件、讓步等狀語從句中,當從句的主語跟主句的主語一致或從句的主語是it, 謂語是be動詞時,從句的主語、謂語可省略。如when/if necessary。 3. 當句子的謂語部分省略時,若只用
15、代詞代替句子,則用代詞的賓格形式。 4. 當省略不定式的內容時,則須保留小品詞to。it指代時間時,有如下一些句型:(1)It is(about/ high) timefor sth.(for sb.) to do sth.that從句(should do/did,必須用虛擬語氣)(2)It is /has been some time since從句(從句用一般過去時)(注意從句中延續(xù)性動詞意義為否定。)it 的特殊用法【考點1】it 的指代作用(3)It/This is the first /secondtimethat從句(必須使用現(xiàn)在完成時)(這是某人第次做了某事)(4)It was
16、時間點when從句(5)It was / will be some timebefore從句it 的特殊用法【考點1】it 的指代作用 代替由不定式、動名詞或從句所表示的真正主語;由于在翻譯時,漢語習慣上會加上“這、那”之意,所以常見的干擾項就是this 和that。 1. it 代替動詞不定式或動名詞充當句子的形式主語: (1)為平衡句子,通常把不定式作主語改為it 作形式主語,即: Its adj./n. for sb. to do sth. 常見形容詞:easy, difficult, convenient, possible 等。 It is possible for me to ma
17、ke a tour around the world.【考點2】 it 作形式主語 Its adj. of sb. to do sth. 常見形容詞:kind, good, nice, wrong, careless, honest,wise, foolish, polite, clever, right, unwise, stupid, thoughtful, rude, silly, impolite等表示某人的品行的詞語。It is honest of the boy to tell the truth. (2)It is no use / no good /useless / sens
18、eless doing sth.【考點2】 it 作形式主語 2. it 代替整個句子,放在句首充當形式主語: (1)It is adj./n. that從句 (2)It is ved that從句 常見過去分詞:said, reported, known, expected, thought, believed, considered, suggested等。 當表示命令、建議、堅持、忠告等意義時,從句要用虛擬語氣(should)do?!究键c2】 it 作形式主語 (3)It doesnt matter/ makes no difference特殊疑問詞/whether引導的從句 (4)It
19、 seems/ appearsthat從句:似乎/好像 (5)It happensthat從句:碰巧,恰巧【考點2】 it 作形式主語 代替由不定式、動名詞或從句所表示的真正賓語。 1. 主語think/ consider/ find/ feel/ believe/ regard/ make itadj./n. (for sb.) to do. 2. 主語think/ consider/ find /feel it no good/ use doing sth.【考點3】 it 作形式賓語 3. 主語believe/ imagine/ think/ consider/ find/ feel/ make/ regard/ it adj./n. that從句 4. 主語hate/ dislike/ love/ like it when從句(表示對某一情況的喜好或厭惡) 5. 主語appreciate it if從句 6. 主語see to/answer for itthat從句(確保) 主語depend on it that從句(指望,確信)【考點3】 it 作形式賓語注意:注意:4、5、6為特殊句型:用it 代替其后的整個句子,it等于整個句子,但不能省略?!究键c3】 it 作形式賓語