高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法專練九 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣 牛津譯林版

高頻考點(diǎn)一情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表能力高頻考點(diǎn)一情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表能力 can/could一般表示主語(yǔ)本身所具有的能力,意為:能,會(huì);而be able to一般表示通過(guò)努力能做到某事。典例典例1 (2015浙江,4)It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.答案couldnt解析句意:這里如此嘈雜以至于我們無(wú)法聽到自己說(shuō)話。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處表達(dá)過(guò)去的能力故用couldnt。考點(diǎn)清單考點(diǎn)清單高頻考點(diǎn)二情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)高頻考點(diǎn)二情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)分為:對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況和過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)、對(duì)情況肯定的推測(cè)、否定的推測(cè)以及可能性的推測(cè)。對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的肯定推測(cè)就用must,否定推測(cè)就用cant,可能性推測(cè)就用can/could,may/might。對(duì)過(guò)去情況的肯定推測(cè)就用must have done,否定推測(cè)就用cant have done,可能性推測(cè)就用can/could/may/might have done。做題時(shí)要判斷是哪一種推測(cè),還要判斷出是對(duì)現(xiàn)在還是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)。典例典例2 (2015重慶,12)You be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years.答案must解析句意:你一定是卡蘿爾,這么多年過(guò)去了你一點(diǎn)也沒變。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的肯定推測(cè),所以要用must(一定)。高頻考點(diǎn)三情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表請(qǐng)求、許諾、允許高頻考點(diǎn)三情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表請(qǐng)求、許諾、允許1.向?qū)Ψ教岢龌蛘髑笠庖姇r(shí)一般要用比較委婉的語(yǔ)氣,常用的句式有:Shall I/he/they.?Could I.?May I.?2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shall用于第二、三人稱表示說(shuō)話者命令、警告、許諾的語(yǔ)氣。表示按照規(guī)章制度、法律、條例規(guī)定應(yīng)該怎么做也要用shall。這是高考對(duì)shall的考查熱點(diǎn)。典例典例3 (2014北京,27) I have a word with you?It wont take long.答案Can/May解析句意:我能和你說(shuō)句話嗎?不會(huì)花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法。can/may可以,表請(qǐng)求允許。高頻考點(diǎn)四情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表必要性高頻考點(diǎn)四情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表必要性must語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)烈,表示說(shuō)話者堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為必須做某事;need語(yǔ)氣要比must弱,表示說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為有必要做某事;should在表示該含義時(shí),表示在義務(wù)上應(yīng)該做某事。should還表示“竟然會(huì),(將來(lái))萬(wàn)一”。典例典例4 (2015北京,29)Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late.I really go now.My daughter is home alone.答案must解析 句意:難道你不能再多逗留一會(huì)兒?jiǎn)?時(shí)間不早了。我現(xiàn)在確實(shí)得走了。我的女兒獨(dú)自一人在家。根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容可知空格處表示“必要性”,故用must。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done意義must have done想必/準(zhǔn)是/一定做了否定式為cant/couldnt have donecould have done本來(lái)能夠做can/could have done過(guò)去可能會(huì)做cannot/could nothave done1.過(guò)去不可能做2.過(guò)去沒能夠做may/might have done也許/或許已經(jīng)做了,一般只用于肯定句或否定句中(在否定句中表示“可能不”),不用于疑問(wèn)句。用might則表示語(yǔ)氣更加不肯定高頻考點(diǎn)五情態(tài)動(dòng)詞高頻考點(diǎn)五情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have doneshould/ought tohave done本該做而實(shí)際上未做shouldnt/oughtnot to have done本不該做而做了neednt have done本來(lái)不必做而做了had better have done要是當(dāng)時(shí)做了就好了,用于事后的遺憾,含輕微的責(zé)備,其否定式had better not have done表達(dá)相反的含義would rather have done寧愿當(dāng)時(shí)做了,其否定式would rather not have done表達(dá)相反的含義,兩者都表示“后悔”之意would like/loveto have done過(guò)去愿意做但未做成典例典例5 (2015天津,7)I have worried before I came to the new school,for my classmates here are very friendly to me.答案neednt解析句意:在進(jìn)入這所新學(xué)校之前我本沒必要擔(dān)心,因?yàn)檫@里的同學(xué)對(duì)我很友好。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處表達(dá)“過(guò)去對(duì)某事?lián)倪^(guò),但現(xiàn)在看來(lái)這種擔(dān)心沒有必要”,應(yīng)該用neednt have done。高頻考點(diǎn)六虛擬語(yǔ)氣高頻考點(diǎn)六虛擬語(yǔ)氣 虛擬語(yǔ)氣是用來(lái)表示與現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的實(shí)際情況相反的假設(shè),近年來(lái)主要是考查上述兩點(diǎn),而對(duì)將來(lái)可能情況的假設(shè)已很少涉及。注意下列幾種情況:1.表示與現(xiàn)在實(shí)際情況相反的假設(shè):條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be動(dòng)詞用were),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should/might/would/could+動(dòng)詞原形。2.表示與過(guò)去實(shí)際情況相反的假設(shè):條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should/might/would/could have done。3.用其他形式來(lái)代替條件從句,常見的有:without,otherwise,but for等。4.一些特殊動(dòng)詞后的that從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形,常?？疾榘裺hould去掉的情況。與這些特殊動(dòng)詞相關(guān)的名詞形式后的that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也符合這一原則。5.需要特別注意的幾個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu):wish句式,as if/though句式,would rather.,Its high time.等。典例典例6 (2015北京,34)If I (see)it with my own eyes,I wouldnt have be-lieved it.答案hadnt seen解析句意:如果不是我親眼看到,我是不會(huì)相信的。由主句謂語(yǔ)“wouldnt have believed”可知此處為與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),故if從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為hadnt seen。知識(shí)清單一情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法要點(diǎn)知識(shí)清單一情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法要點(diǎn)一、表能力如:I am starving to death.I can eat two bowls of rice now.(現(xiàn)在的能力)我快餓死了,現(xiàn)在我能吃兩碗米飯。If you have a good sleep,you will be able to work out this problem.(將來(lái)的能力)canam/is/are able towill be able to:couldwas/ were able tocould have:表現(xiàn)在的能力表將來(lái)的能力表過(guò)去的能力過(guò)去分詞 表示過(guò)去有能力做但未做知識(shí)清單知識(shí)清單如果你好好睡一覺,你將能夠解出這道題。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.(過(guò)去有能力做并且成功地做了某事)盡管這場(chǎng)大火迅速蔓延到了整個(gè)賓館,但是每個(gè)人都逃了出去。I could have worked out the problem,but I was too nervous.(過(guò)去有能力做但未做)我本來(lái)可以解出這道題,但我太緊張了。1.可能性可分為客觀的可能性和具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性兩種。所謂客觀的(理論的)可能性即并不涉及具體某事是否會(huì)發(fā)生,此種用法常常可以說(shuō)明人或事物的特征。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can可用于肯定句中表示客觀的(理論的)可能性,而表示具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性時(shí),can 一般不用于肯定句。如:Accidents can happen on such rainy days.在這樣的多雨天里可能會(huì)發(fā)生事故。(客觀的可能性)We may go to the cinema tonight,but we are not sure yet.今晚我們可能去看電影,但還沒確定。(實(shí)際可能性,不用can)2.表示具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性:(1)表示具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性的層次比較(見下表)二、表推測(cè)(可能性)詞形肯定式否定式疑問(wèn)式must必定,必然/should按說(shuō)應(yīng)該應(yīng)該不會(huì)/ought to按說(shuō)應(yīng)該應(yīng)該不會(huì)/can/不可能有可能嗎?could微弱的可能不可能語(yǔ)氣比can弱may或許,也許,也未可知,也說(shuō)不定可能不/might比may還弱比may not還弱/(2)表示具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性時(shí),may,must常用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句(may not表示“可能不”);can 常用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或感嘆句中,表示疑惑、驚訝或不相信等意思;could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句中。如:This cant/couldnt be done by him.這不可能是他干的。(表不相信)This may not be done by him.這可能不是他干的。(表不確定)He could be on his way home now.他現(xiàn)在可能在回家的路上了。(could 不如may/might常用)Can this be done by him?這可能是他干的嗎?(表示疑惑、驚訝)Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?布什先生做一切事情都非常守時(shí)。開幕式他怎么可能會(huì)遲到呢?(表示疑惑、驚訝)I didnt hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我沒聽見電話鈴響。我一定是睡著了。(表肯定)Are you coming to Jeffs party?Im not sure.I might go to the concert instead.(表不確定)你要來(lái)杰夫的聚會(huì)嗎?我不確定。我可能要去音樂會(huì)。(3)could,might并不一定與過(guò)去的時(shí)間有關(guān),而表示可能性弱于它們相應(yīng)的現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式。如:This may/might be done by him.這件事有可能是他干的。(語(yǔ)氣依次遞減)(4)should表推測(cè)時(shí),表示確定或可能有的未來(lái)或期望,即合乎理想的情況或結(jié)果。如:He ought to/should be here on timehe started early enough.他(應(yīng))該按時(shí)到這里他出發(fā)得夠早的了。We should arrive before dark.我們按說(shuō)能在天黑前到達(dá)。The roads should be less crowded today.按說(shuō)今天路上就不那么擁擠了。三、表示請(qǐng)求、允許、允諾1.當(dāng)對(duì)方是決策者時(shí),你代表你(們)自己(I,we),或代表第三者(he,she,they)向?qū)Ψ?you)請(qǐng)示或提出建議時(shí)用:Shall/May(Might)/Can(Could)I/we.?Shall he/she/they.?Would/Will you.?如:Shall the driver wait outside?司機(jī)在外邊等著可以嗎?When shall my father be able to leave hospital?我父親什么時(shí)候可以出院?Would you do me a favor?請(qǐng)幫我一下,好嗎?2.could/might/would/should表委婉的語(yǔ)氣。如:Could/Might I use your bike tomorrow morning?Yes,you can/may.(否定:No,Im afraid not.)明天早晨我用一下你的自行車,行嗎?行,你用吧。(否定:不,恐怕不行。)不可以說(shuō):Yes,you could/might.回答允許時(shí),用could/might表委婉是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?.shall與第二、三人稱連用,用于陳述句,表示說(shuō)話者的命令、警告、威脅;當(dāng)宣布法律規(guī)定時(shí),也用shall。You shall leave the room at once,and he also shall.(=I order you and him to leave the room at once.)你馬上離開這個(gè)房間,他也一樣。(說(shuō)話者的命令)It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the pa-pers have been collected.據(jù)宣布,在所有試卷收上來(lái)之前,應(yīng)試者必須待在自己的座位上。(規(guī)則或規(guī)定)四、表示必要性1.must 常用來(lái)表示必要性,意為“必須”,must do sth.(現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái))必須做某事。2.dont have to do sth./dont need to do sth./neednt do sth.(現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái))不必做某事。3.表示過(guò)去沒必要做某事時(shí),分為以下情況:(1)neednt have done sth.本來(lái)不必做而做了某事(2)didnt have to do sth./didnt need to do sth./It was not necessary to do sth.(過(guò)去)不必做(不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否做了)某事You neednt have worked that late last night.It was harmful to your health.你昨晚本不必工作到那么晚。那對(duì)你的身體沒好處。Did you work very late last night?No,I didnt.I didnt need to work very late.你昨天晚上工作到很晚嗎?不是很晚。我沒必要工作到很晚。4.should也可以表示必要性,意為“(義務(wù)上)應(yīng)該”。should表示必要性時(shí),在語(yǔ)氣上比must(必須)弱?！皊hould+動(dòng)詞原形”表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)應(yīng)該做(的必要性);“should+have+過(guò)去分詞”表示過(guò)去本該做(的必要性)。如:I should go and visit him this afternoon,but I wonder if I will be free.今天下午我應(yīng)該去看望他,但我不知道我是否有空。(表示將來(lái)的必要性)You should have come to the conference yesterday.What was the reason for your absence?你昨天本應(yīng)該參加那個(gè)會(huì)議。你缺席的原因是什么?(表示過(guò)去的必要性)五、表示“寧愿做某事”時(shí),可使用下面這些句式:would rather do sth.would rather do sth.than do sth.would do sth.ratherthan do sth.would rather sb.did sth.prefer to do sth.prefer to do sth.ratherthan do sth.prefer doing sth.to doing sth.高考中對(duì)這類用法的考查主要側(cè)重結(jié)構(gòu),因此要熟記其結(jié)構(gòu)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done 用法例句must have done想必/準(zhǔn)是/一定做了否定式為:cant/couldnt+have doneIt must have rained last night,for the road is quite muddy.昨晚一定下雨了,因?yàn)槁泛苣酀簟an/could have done1.本來(lái)能夠做2.過(guò)去可能會(huì)做Can he have gone to his aunts?他有可能去他姨媽家了嗎?cannot/could nothave done1.過(guò)去不可能2.過(guò)去沒能夠He cannot have forgotten it.他不可能忘了那件事。六、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”用法一覽表may/might have done也許/或許已經(jīng)做,一般只用于肯定句或否定句中(在否定句中表示“可能不”),不用于疑問(wèn)句中。might則表示語(yǔ)氣更加不肯定。Its too late.I think he may have gone to bed.太晚了,我想他或許已經(jīng)睡了。He may not have finished thework.他也許還沒完成那項(xiàng)工。should/ought tohave done本該做而實(shí)際上未做You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.你本應(yīng)該更仔細(xì)地做這個(gè)練習(xí)。should not/ought notto have done本不該做而做了You shouldnt have told her the truth.你本不該告訴她真相。neednt have done本不必做而做了You neednt have taken a taxi here,for it was very near to my house.你本來(lái)不必打車來(lái)這里的,因?yàn)殡x我家很近。had better have done當(dāng)時(shí)最好做了(其否定式had better not have done表達(dá)相反的含義)You had better not have scold-ed her.要是那時(shí)你沒責(zé)罵她就好了。would rather have done寧愿當(dāng)時(shí)做了(其否定式would rather not have done表達(dá)相反含義,兩者都有“后悔”之意)I raised objections at the meet-ing,but now I would rather not have done that.我在會(huì)上提出了反對(duì)意見,但現(xiàn)在我寧愿沒那么做。would like/love tohave done sth.過(guò)去愿意做但未做成I would love to have gone to the party last night,but I had to work extra hours to finish a re-port.昨晚我本來(lái)很想去參加聚會(huì)的,但我得加班完成一個(gè)報(bào)告。七、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的其他用法要點(diǎn):1.cannot but+do sth.表示“不得不,只好做某事”。如:I cannot but choose to go.我只好去。2.may well和may as well結(jié)構(gòu)?！癿ay well+動(dòng)詞原形”是一種常用結(jié)構(gòu),意為“完全能,很可能”,相當(dāng)于“be very likely to+動(dòng)詞原形”。如:He may well be proud of his son.他大可為他的兒子感到自豪。Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her.她的模樣變化太大,你很可能認(rèn)不出她了?！癿ay as well+動(dòng)詞原形”意為“最好,不妨,倒不如”。如:You may as well do it at once.你最好馬上就做這件事。We may as well stay where we are.我們留在現(xiàn)在的地方倒也不錯(cuò)。3.cannot(或can never)與enough連用表示“再也不為過(guò)”。(具體用法見形容詞和副詞專題。)4.may可以用于祈使句,表示祝愿。如:May we never forget each other.愿我們彼此永不相忘。May you return in safety.愿你平安歸來(lái)。5.“Why/How+should”結(jié)構(gòu)表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某事不能理解,感到意外、驚訝等,意為“竟會(huì)”。如:Why should you be so late today?你今天怎么來(lái)得這么晚?How should I know?我怎么會(huì)知道?(意為:我不知道。)6.must表示“偏要,硬要”。如:Must you make so much noise?你非得弄出這么大聲響嗎?7.may作“可以”講時(shí),其否定式常用“mustnt”表示“禁止”;must作“必須”講時(shí),其否定式是“neednt”,表示“不必”。如:May I use your car?No,you mustnt.我能用用你的車嗎?不,一定不能。(委婉的拒絕可用:Sorry,but I am using it now.或Youd better not.等)Must I work out the problem tonight?No,you neednt.我今晚必須做出這道題嗎?不,不必。8.need和dare的用法need和dare兩者既可用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),有人稱和數(shù)的變化,可用于肯定句、否定句或疑問(wèn)句中,構(gòu)成否定句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí)要用助動(dòng)詞do,does,did;作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化(dare的過(guò)去式為dared),直接接動(dòng)詞原形,多用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中,構(gòu)成否定句和疑問(wèn)句時(shí)不用助動(dòng)詞。另外,dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),還可用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,過(guò)去式為dared;作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),dare用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句,后面的to也可省略;I dare say是習(xí)慣說(shuō)法,意為“我想,大概”。如:He neednt do it.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)He doesnt need to do it.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)他不必做這件事。I didnt know whether he dared say that to him.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,有時(shí)態(tài)變化)我不知道他是否敢對(duì)他說(shuō)那件事。He didnt dare(to)do it.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)He dared not do it.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)他不敢做這件事。注意:need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),還可表示“需要”,后接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義(詳見非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題)。如:The floor needs sweeping.這地需要打掃了。知識(shí)清單二虛擬語(yǔ)氣一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的運(yùn)用 從句主句例句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞用were)主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形If I were you,I should seize the chance to go abroad.如果我是你,我就抓住這次出國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+have+過(guò)去分詞If you had taken my advice,you would not have failed in the ex-ams.如果你早聽了我的建議,你考試就能通過(guò)了。與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)1.If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式2.If+主語(yǔ)+were to+動(dòng)詞原形3.If+主語(yǔ)+should+動(dòng)詞原形主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形If he should not come tomorrow,we should put off the meeting till next Monday.如果明天他不來(lái),我們就把會(huì)議推遲到下周一。使用虛擬條件句時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn):1.當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí),被稱為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”,動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如:If you had followed my advice just now,you would be better now.如果你剛才聽了我的建議,你現(xiàn)在就好多了。If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now.如果你以前努力學(xué)習(xí)的話,你現(xiàn)在早就是大學(xué)生了。2.if省略句在虛擬條件句中可省略if,把were,had,should提到句首,變?yōu)榈寡b句式。如:If I were at school again,I would study harder.Were I at school again,I would study harder.如果我還有上學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì),我會(huì)更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)。If you had come earlier,you would have caught the bus.Had you come earlier,you would have caught the bus.如果你來(lái)得早些,你就能趕上公共汽車了。If it should rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨的話,我們就不去登山了。注意:若省略的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí),不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。如:我們可以說(shuō)Were it not for the expense,I would go abroad now.但不能說(shuō)Werent it for the expense,I would go abroad now.3.含蓄條件句有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要,在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句,而是通過(guò)其他手段來(lái)代替條件句。如:What would you do with a million dollars(=if you had a million dollars)?如果你有100萬(wàn)美元,你會(huì)做什么?Without your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.=But for your help,.=If it had not been for your help,.=Had it not been for your help,.沒有你的幫助,我們不可能提前完成這項(xiàng)工作。I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副詞)我那天病了。否則,我就參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)了。He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing about it.(連詞)他打電話通知了我你的生日,否則,我對(duì)此一點(diǎn)都不知道。I should have given you more help,but I was too busy.(連詞)我本應(yīng)該多幫幫你,但我(那時(shí))太忙了。4.even if,even though 也可用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其形式與if從句在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的形式相同。二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用1.用于賓語(yǔ)從句中(1)wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式為:如:I wish(that)I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我希望我是一只小鳥,能在天空中自由飛翔。I wish(that)I had met that film star yesterday.我希望昨天見到那個(gè)影星了。How I wish it werent raining now!我多希望現(xiàn)在沒下雨啊!此外,If only+句子=How I wish+that從句。如:(wish)(wish)would(wish)一般過(guò)去時(shí) 賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)作與同時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí) 賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)作先于動(dòng)詞原形 賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)作后于If only I were a flying bird!=How I wish I were a flying bird!我要是一只飛鳥該多好啊!If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film!我要是看了那部電影多好啊!(2)用于表示建議、愿望、命令等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,常見的動(dòng)詞有:de-mand,order,require,insist,suggest,propose,advise等。賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可以省略。如:He suggested that we(should)start off early the next day.他建議我們第二天早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。They insisted that the boy(should)go with them.他們堅(jiān)決主張那個(gè)男孩子跟他們一起去。(3)在would rather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,也用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其構(gòu)成為would rather sb.+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式/had done(從句動(dòng)作先發(fā)生)。如:I would rather they didnt hear of the news.我寧愿他們沒聽到那個(gè)消息。(4)當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示,表明”之意,insist表示“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”之意時(shí),suggest/in-sist后的賓語(yǔ)從句不使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,應(yīng)使用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如:The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他臉上的微笑表明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿意。The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒有偷錢。在“It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essential+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可以省略。如:It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till next week.人們建議會(huì)議推遲到下周。It is strange that he (should)have acted toward his parents like that.(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)要用“should have+過(guò)去分詞”,should可以省略)真奇怪他竟然那樣對(duì)他的父母。注意:以上句式也可以用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如:Its a pity that you cant dance.2.用于主語(yǔ)從句中真遺憾你不會(huì)跳舞。3.用于表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其構(gòu)成是“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可以省略。如:My idea is that we(should)think it over before accepting it.我的意見是在接受它之前我們要仔細(xì)考慮。We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should)go to Dalian for sightseeing.我們都同意他讓我們?nèi)ゴ筮B旅游的建議。如果as if/as though引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí);如果as if/as though引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作先于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作,從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí);如果as if/as though引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作后于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would+動(dòng)詞原形。如:He looks as if he were an artist.(同時(shí))他看起來(lái)像個(gè)藝術(shù)家。She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.(先于)她講英語(yǔ)如此流利,好像她在美國(guó)學(xué)過(guò)英語(yǔ)。He learns English so hard as if he would go to the U.S.A.(后于)他如此努力地學(xué)英語(yǔ),好像他要去美國(guó)。易混點(diǎn)總結(jié)易混點(diǎn)總結(jié)一、as if/as though用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于定語(yǔ)從句中It is(high)time(that).句型中,定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式,或用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”(其中should不能省略)。此句型意為“(現(xiàn)在)該”,用來(lái)表示提議。如:It is(high)time that you went to school.你該去上學(xué)了。It is(high)time that we should start out.我們?cè)摮霭l(fā)了。