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1、一一.函數(shù)的單調(diào)性:函數(shù)的單調(diào)性:1.函數(shù)單調(diào)性的判斷及證明方法函數(shù)單調(diào)性的判斷及證明方法:(定義):(定義)在所研究區(qū)間內(nèi)任取在所研究區(qū)間內(nèi)任取x1x2; 作差比較作差比較f(x1)和和f(x2)的大小關(guān)系;的大小關(guān)系;判斷并下結(jié)論判斷并下結(jié)論. .2.六種常見函數(shù)的單調(diào)性:六種常見函數(shù)的單調(diào)性:(1)一次函數(shù):)一次函數(shù):(2)二次函數(shù):)二次函數(shù):(3)反比例函數(shù):)反比例函數(shù):(4)指數(shù)函數(shù):)指數(shù)函數(shù):(5)對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù):)對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù):(6)冪函數(shù):)冪函數(shù):一一.函數(shù)的單調(diào)性:函數(shù)的單調(diào)性:3.復(fù)合函數(shù)單調(diào)性的判斷方法:復(fù)合函數(shù)單調(diào)性的判斷方法:g( ),g( )( )g( )( )g(
2、 )g( )( )g( )yfxtxyf ttxyf tyfxtxyf tyfx對(duì)對(duì)復(fù)復(fù)合合函函數(shù)數(shù)設(shè)設(shè),則則,那那么么當(dāng)當(dāng)函函數(shù)數(shù)和和的的時(shí)時(shí)原原函函數(shù)數(shù)是是當(dāng)當(dāng)函函數(shù)數(shù)和和的的時(shí)時(shí)原原函函單單調(diào)調(diào)性性相相同同單單調(diào)調(diào)性性不不增增函函數(shù)數(shù)數(shù)數(shù)同同是是減減函函數(shù)數(shù)例題講解:例題講解:1.下列函數(shù)中,在區(qū)間下列函數(shù)中,在區(qū)間(- -,0)上是減函數(shù)的是(上是減函數(shù)的是( )A2.證明函數(shù)證明函數(shù) 在在1,+)上是增函數(shù)上是增函數(shù).21yx例題講解:例題講解:3. (1)函數(shù))函數(shù)y=|x+1|+|3-2x|的遞增區(qū)間是的遞增區(qū)間是 ; (2)函數(shù))函數(shù) 的遞減區(qū)間是的遞減區(qū)間是 .22log (
3、6)yxx332, ,)234, 1), 223 , (, 1) xxxxxx y=(1)3 ,)21 ,32二二.函數(shù)的奇偶性:函數(shù)的奇偶性:1.函數(shù)奇偶性的判斷:函數(shù)奇偶性的判斷:判斷定義域是否關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱;判斷定義域是否關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱;判斷判斷f(-x)和和f(x)的關(guān)系的關(guān)系.2.奇函數(shù)和偶函數(shù)的圖象特征奇函數(shù)和偶函數(shù)的圖象特征:偶函數(shù)的圖象關(guān)于偶函數(shù)的圖象關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱軸對(duì)稱奇函數(shù)的圖象關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱奇函數(shù)的圖象關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱3.奇函數(shù)和偶函數(shù)的單調(diào)性的特點(diǎn):奇函數(shù)和偶函數(shù)的單調(diào)性的特點(diǎn):偶函數(shù)在偶函數(shù)在y軸兩側(cè)的單調(diào)性相反軸兩側(cè)的單調(diào)性相反奇函數(shù)在原點(diǎn)兩側(cè)的單調(diào)性相同奇函數(shù)在原點(diǎn)兩側(cè)的單調(diào)
4、性相同例題講解:例題講解:1.若函數(shù)若函數(shù)y=f(x)是奇函數(shù),且是奇函數(shù),且f(x)在在x=0處有定義,處有定義, 則則f(0)= .2.已知偶函數(shù)已知偶函數(shù)f(x)的定義域是的定義域是R,且且f(x)在在(0,+)內(nèi)單調(diào)內(nèi)單調(diào)遞增,那么當(dāng)遞增,那么當(dāng)x10且且x1+x2f(-x2) B. f(-x1)0 y=3x-1+55 由由y=3x-1+5 可得可得 y-5=3x-1 即即 x=log3(y-5)+1 y=log3(x-5)+1 (x5)所以,原函數(shù)的反函數(shù)是所以,原函數(shù)的反函數(shù)是y=log3(x-5)+1 (x5)例題講解:例題講解:D綜合練習(xí):綜合練習(xí):1.已知函數(shù)已知函數(shù)(1)求
5、)求f(x)的定義域;的定義域;(2)判斷函數(shù))判斷函數(shù)f(x)的奇偶性;的奇偶性;(3)討論)討論f(x)的單調(diào)性;的單調(diào)性;2( )log(0)xaf xaxa()( ,)aa奇函數(shù)奇函數(shù)()( ,)aa在和上分別是減函數(shù)練習(xí):練習(xí):2.若函數(shù)若函數(shù)f(x)=x2-2(a-1)x+2在在(- -,0上是減函數(shù),則上是減函數(shù),則a 的取值范圍是的取值范圍是 。奇函數(shù)奇函數(shù)f(x)在在3,7上是增函數(shù),且最小值為上是增函數(shù),且最小值為5, 則則f(x)在在- -7,- -3上(上( )A.增函數(shù)且最小值為增函數(shù)且最小值為5 B.增函數(shù)且最大值為增函數(shù)且最大值為5C.減函數(shù)且最小值為減函數(shù)且最小值為5 D.減函數(shù)且最大值為減函數(shù)且最大值為55,+)