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輕型載重貨車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)(轉(zhuǎn)向系及前橋設(shè)計(jì))
摘 要
在本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中，是關(guān)于輕型載貨汽車(chē)的前橋及轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。本著力爭(zhēng)性能可靠，價(jià)優(yōu)，易造的設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)想，同時(shí)也主要參照拖廠(chǎng)的同類(lèi)車(chē)型，努力去改造，去創(chuàng)新。
轉(zhuǎn)向從動(dòng)橋是通過(guò)懸架和車(chē)相連，兩側(cè)安裝著從動(dòng)車(chē)輪，用以傳遞車(chē)架與車(chē)輪之間的各種力和力矩。汽車(chē)的轉(zhuǎn)向系是利用轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)使車(chē)輪可以偏轉(zhuǎn)一定角度以實(shí)現(xiàn)汽車(chē)的轉(zhuǎn)向。汽車(chē)的轉(zhuǎn)向系是用來(lái)改變或恢復(fù)汽車(chē)行駛方向的專(zhuān)設(shè)機(jī)構(gòu)，在行駛中起到重要作用。主要可分為機(jī)械轉(zhuǎn)向系，動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系和電動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向系。其中電動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向系是未來(lái)汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)向系的發(fā)展方向。
綜合各種因素，本次設(shè)計(jì)采用采用轉(zhuǎn)向梯形機(jī)構(gòu)布置在前軸之后的整體式車(chē)橋和采用了正效率很高，操縱方便且使用壽命長(zhǎng)的機(jī)械式循環(huán)球式轉(zhuǎn)向器。本次設(shè)計(jì)包括對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)向從動(dòng)橋結(jié)構(gòu)形式的選擇，主要是計(jì)算前軸、轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)、主銷(xiāo)、主銷(xiāo)上下軸承、轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)推力軸承或止推墊片等在制動(dòng)和側(cè)滑兩種工況下的應(yīng)力校核。還包括轉(zhuǎn)向器的結(jié)構(gòu)選擇及其設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算并對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)向梯形進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。設(shè)計(jì)中水平有限，但希望能設(shè)計(jì)出一輛經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用的輕型載貨汽車(chē)。
關(guān)鍵詞：運(yùn)輸車(chē)，前橋，主銷(xiāo)，轉(zhuǎn)向軸
I
THE DESIGNS OF THE STEERING SYSTEM AND
FRONT AXLE IN OWN UNLOAD AGRICULTURE
TRUCK TO TRANSPORT OF KD1080
ABSTRACT
In this graduated designs, my assignment is the light truck’s front axle and steering system. I shall try my best to design my assignment,I want the light truck’s capacity is secure and the price is low. It is also easy to make,at the same time,I refer to the light truck which made in YT factory.I want to improve and innovate it.
Steering front axle connects the frame by suspension.Driven wheel are installed at the sides of the fore axle,which transmits kinds of forces and torques into the wheels. The steering knuckle link to the front axle causes the front wheels to turn to the right or left .The steering system enables the driver to guide the automobile or wheeled tractor down the road and turn ringht or left.It is very important for the truck.there are mannnual steering,power steering and electric power steering.The electric power steering system will be the direction in the future.
In view of all the factors,I adopt the ladder-shaped organization assigns after the front axle and very efficient that can be handled easily and had long performance life steering box of the circulation ball type. The design includes selection of the structure of the fore axle but most calculate the streys inspection under the break and the second slide of front axle ,steering knuckle inserts, king pin and ball bearing, thrust bearing and stop last spacer. Still include choosing and designing aslo calculating and carrying on optimization design ladder-shapedly of steering. The level is limited in the design, but I hope to design a economical and practical agricultural light truck.
KEY WORDS: transporter, the front axle, king pin, steering shaft
III
主要符號(hào)表
量的名稱(chēng)
量的符號(hào)
單位
汽車(chē)前軸靜載荷
N
汽車(chē)質(zhì)心高度
mm
轉(zhuǎn)向阻力矩
Mr
N.mm
接觸應(yīng)力
σ
MPa
前輪承受的制動(dòng)力
N
前輪承受的垂直力
N
垂向彎矩
N.mm
水平彎矩
N.mm
車(chē)輪所受的重力
N
前輪輪距
B
mm
兩鋼板彈簧座中心距
S
mm
轉(zhuǎn)矩
T
N.mm
輪胎的滾動(dòng)半徑
mm
地面垂向反力
Z
N
地面?zhèn)认蚍戳?
Y
N
力偶矩
Q
N.mm
軸承的軸向載荷
N
軸承靜承載容量
KN
軸承當(dāng)量靜載荷
KN
轉(zhuǎn)向軸輸入功率
Kw
轉(zhuǎn)向器中的摩擦功率
Kw
效率
導(dǎo)程角
rad
附著系數(shù)