一種焊接設(shè)備翻轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)設(shè)計【大型缸體翻轉(zhuǎn)提升機構(gòu)的設(shè)計】
一種焊接設(shè)備翻轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)設(shè)計【大型缸體翻轉(zhuǎn)提升機構(gòu)的設(shè)計】,大型缸體翻轉(zhuǎn)提升機構(gòu)的設(shè)計,一種焊接設(shè)備翻轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)設(shè)計【大型缸體翻轉(zhuǎn)提升機構(gòu)的設(shè)計】,一種,焊接設(shè)備,翻轉(zhuǎn),機構(gòu),設(shè)計,大型,缸體,提升,晉升
存檔編碼：無無錫錫太太湖湖學(xué)學(xué)院院 2013 屆屆畢畢業(yè)業(yè)作作業(yè)業(yè)周周次次進進度度計計劃劃、檢檢查查落落實實表表 系別：信機系 班級：機械94 學(xué)生姓名：張琪琪 課題（設(shè)計）名稱：一種焊接設(shè)備翻轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu) 開始日期：2012.11.12周次起止日期工作計劃、進度每周主要完成內(nèi)容存在問題、改進方法指導(dǎo)教師意見并簽字備 注1-32012年11月12日-2012年12月2日教師下達畢業(yè)設(shè)計任務(wù)，學(xué)生初步閱讀資料，完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計開題報告。按照任務(wù)書要求查閱論文相關(guān)參考資料，填寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計開題報告書對相關(guān)資料不能準確定位；耐心查找4-102012年12月3日-2013年1月20日指導(dǎo)專業(yè)實訓(xùn)掌握機械設(shè)計的基本要求不能熟練掌握機械設(shè)計的要求和規(guī)范，需要勤加練習(xí)11-122013年1月21日-3月1日指導(dǎo)畢業(yè)實習(xí)在校內(nèi)機械廠實習(xí)對機械結(jié)構(gòu)比較生疏，需要勤加實踐132013年3月4日-3月8日繼續(xù)整理資料、分析、比較各種設(shè)計方案在導(dǎo)師的幫助下熟悉機械設(shè)計中的各種設(shè)計方案不能區(qū)分各種方案間的不同點，對各方案中的有些概念感到模糊；需要仔細閱讀，認真研究142013年3月11日-3月15日確定最合適的總設(shè)計方案確定了總設(shè)計方案很那最終確定總設(shè)計方案；根據(jù)實際對最后的可能方案作最后的研究152013年3月18日-3月22日總體設(shè)計（包括參數(shù)計算及結(jié)構(gòu)分析計算）進行參數(shù)計算及結(jié)構(gòu)分析對計算公式比較陌生；回顧有關(guān)專業(yè)知識162013年3月25日-3月29日總體設(shè)計（完成參數(shù)計算及結(jié)構(gòu)分析計算后繪制草圖：總裝配圖）繪制了總裝配圖有些方面的圖不是很清楚地畫出來172013年4月1日-4月5日總體設(shè)計（最后完成部件裝配圖）繪制了部件裝配圖有些圖的部位認識不清楚，不能很好的完成組件圖182013年4月8日-4月12日零件設(shè)計進行零件設(shè)計上網(wǎng)查閱資料進行改進192013年4月15日-4月19日零件設(shè)計進行零件設(shè)計上網(wǎng)查閱資料進行改進202013年4月22日-4月26日標(biāo)準件的選用進行標(biāo)準件的選用上網(wǎng)查閱資料進行改進212013年4月29日-5月3日整理設(shè)計說明書整理了設(shè)計說明書排版先后問題222013年5月6日-5月10日完成設(shè)計說明書完成說明書的設(shè)計排版及格式的整理232013年5月13日-5月17日對圖和說明書完善、定稿完善圖和說明書排版及格式問題242013年5月20日-5月25日排版、打印、裝訂、答辯準備做最后的準備認真回看自己的設(shè)計，準備答辯更順利周次起止日期工作計劃、進度每周主要完成內(nèi)容存在問題、改進方法指導(dǎo)教師意見并簽字備 注 系 專業(yè)
任 務(wù) 書
一、題目及專題：
1、題目 一種焊接設(shè)備翻轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)
2、專題
二、課題來源及選題依據(jù)
機構(gòu)設(shè)計是機械專業(yè)學(xué)生應(yīng)掌握的基本的專業(yè)知識，該翻轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)為某缸體的翻轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)，為企業(yè)在用設(shè)備，需運用機械原理，機械設(shè)計，工程力學(xué)等相關(guān)的綜合知識。通過設(shè)計，學(xué)生可以對機械制圖，機械設(shè)備的運動原理，機構(gòu)的設(shè)計，機械零件的加工，標(biāo)準件的選用等專業(yè)知識得以綜合運用，提高學(xué)生解決問題的綜合能力。課題稍難，在指導(dǎo)教師的指導(dǎo)下，可以在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)設(shè)計完成。
三、本設(shè)計（論文或其他）應(yīng)達到的要求：
1、機構(gòu)運動原理設(shè)計，繪制運動原理圖；
2、繪制產(chǎn)品裝配圖；
3、典型非標(biāo)件設(shè)計，對非標(biāo)件進行結(jié)構(gòu)及強度、剛度校核；
4、繪制全套非標(biāo)零件圖；
5.編寫設(shè)計說明書（大于30頁）；
四、接受任務(wù)學(xué)生：
班 姓名
五、開始及完成日期：
自2012年11月12日 至2013年5月25日
六、設(shè)計（論文）指導(dǎo)（或顧問）：
指導(dǎo)教師 簽名
簽名
簽名
教研室主任
〔學(xué)科組組長研究所所長〕 簽名
系主任 簽名
2012年11月12日
外文翻譯
機械設(shè)計
摘要： 機器是由機械裝置和其它組件組成的。它是一種用來轉(zhuǎn)換或傳遞能量的裝置，例如：發(fā)動機、渦輪機、車輛、起重機、印刷機、洗衣機、照相機和攝影機等。許多原則和設(shè)計方法不但適用于機器的設(shè)計，也適用于非機器的設(shè)計。術(shù)語中的“機械裝置設(shè)計” 的含義要比“機械設(shè)計”的含義更為廣泛一些，機械裝置設(shè)計包括機械設(shè)計。在分析運動及設(shè)計結(jié)構(gòu)時，要把產(chǎn)品外型以及以后的保養(yǎng)也要考慮在機械設(shè)計中。在機械工程領(lǐng)域中，以及其它工程領(lǐng)域中，所有這些都需要機械設(shè)備，比如：開關(guān)、凸輪、閥門、船舶以及攪拌機等。
關(guān)鍵詞： 設(shè)計流程 設(shè)計規(guī)則 機械設(shè)計
設(shè)計流程
設(shè)計開始之前就要想到機器的實際性，現(xiàn)存的機器需要在耐用性、效率、重量、速度，或者成本上得到改善。新的機器必需具有以前機器所能執(zhí)行的功能。
在設(shè)計的初始階段，應(yīng)該允許設(shè)計人員充分發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造性，不要受到任何約束。即使產(chǎn)生了許多不切實際的想法，也會在設(shè)計的早期，即在繪制圖紙之前被改正掉。只有這樣，才不致于阻斷創(chuàng)新的思路。通常,還要提出幾套設(shè)計方案，然后加以比較。很有可能在這個計劃最后決定中,使用了某些不在計劃之內(nèi)的一些設(shè)想。
一般的當(dāng)外型特點和組件部分的尺寸特點分析得透徹時，就可以全面的設(shè)計和分析。接著還要客觀的分析機器性能的優(yōu)越性，以及它的安全、重量、耐用性，并且競爭力的成本也要考慮在分析結(jié)果之內(nèi)。每一個至關(guān)重要的部分要優(yōu)化它的比例和尺寸，同時也要保持與其它組成部分相協(xié)調(diào)。
也要選擇原材料和處理原材料的方法。通過力學(xué)原理來分析和實現(xiàn)這些重要的特性，如那些靜態(tài)反應(yīng)的能量和摩擦力的最佳利用，像動力慣性、加速動力和能量；包括彈性材料的強度、應(yīng)力和剛度等材料的物理特性，以及流體潤滑和驅(qū)動器的流體力學(xué)。設(shè)計的過程是重復(fù)和合作的過程，無論是正式或非正式的進行，對設(shè)計者來說每個階段都很重要。
最后，以圖樣為設(shè)計的標(biāo)準，并建立將來的模型。如果它的測試是符合事先要求的，則再將對初步設(shè)計進行某些修改，使它能夠在制造成本上有所降低。產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計需要不斷探索和發(fā)展。許多方案必須被研究、試驗、完善，然后決定使用還是放棄。雖然每個工程學(xué)問題的內(nèi)容是獨特的，但是設(shè)計師可以按照類似的步驟來解決問題。
產(chǎn)品的責(zé)任訴訟迫使設(shè)計人員和公司在選擇材料時，采用最好的程序。在材料過程中，五個最常見的問題為：（a）不了解或者不會使用關(guān)于材料應(yīng)用方面的最新最好的信息資料；(b)未能預(yù)見和考慮材料的合理用途（如有可能，設(shè)計人員還應(yīng)進一步預(yù)測和考慮由于產(chǎn)品使用方法不當(dāng)造成的后果。在近年來的許多產(chǎn)品責(zé)任訴訟案件中，由于錯誤地使用產(chǎn)品而受到傷害的原告控告生產(chǎn)廠家，并且贏得判決）；(c)所使用的材料的數(shù)據(jù)不全或是有些數(shù)據(jù)不確定，尤其是當(dāng)其性能數(shù)據(jù)長期不更新；(d)質(zhì)量控制方法不適當(dāng)和未經(jīng)驗證；(e)由一些完全不稱職的人員選擇材料。
通過對上述五個問題的分析，可以得出這些問題是沒有充分理由而存在的結(jié)論。對這些問題的研究分析可以為避免這些問題的出現(xiàn)而指明方向。盡管采用最好的材料選擇方法也不能避免發(fā)生產(chǎn)品責(zé)任訴訟，設(shè)計人員和工業(yè)界按照適當(dāng)?shù)某绦蜻M行材料選擇，可以大大減少訴訟的數(shù)量。
從以上的討論可以看出，選擇材料的人們應(yīng)該對材料的性質(zhì)，特點和加工方法有一個全面而基本的了解。
在隨后生產(chǎn)和售后服務(wù)的幾年中，要接受新觀念的變化，或者由試驗和經(jīng)驗為基礎(chǔ)，進一步分析并改進。
一些設(shè)計規(guī)則
在本節(jié)中，建議要運用創(chuàng)造性的態(tài)度來替代和改進。也許會創(chuàng)造出更實用、更經(jīng)濟、更耐用的產(chǎn)品。
為了激發(fā)創(chuàng)造性思維，下列是設(shè)計和分析的建議規(guī)則。前六個規(guī)則對設(shè)計者來說特別適用。
1. 要有創(chuàng)造性的利用所需要的物理性質(zhì)和控制過程。
2. 認識負載產(chǎn)生的影響及其意義。
3. 預(yù)測沒有想到的負載。
4. 創(chuàng)造出對載荷更為有利的條件。
5. 提供良好的應(yīng)力分布和最小的剛度條件。
6. 運用最簡單的方程來優(yōu)化體積和面積。
7. 選擇組合材料。
8. 仔細選擇所備的原料和不可缺少的組件。
9. 調(diào)整有效的設(shè)計方案，以適應(yīng)生產(chǎn)過程和降低成本。
10. 規(guī)定好準確的位置條件為了使組件安裝時不干涉。
機械設(shè)計包括一下內(nèi)容：
1. 對設(shè)計過程、設(shè)計所需要公式以及安全系數(shù)進行介紹。
2. 回顧材料特性、靜態(tài)和動態(tài)載荷分析，包括梁、振動和沖擊載荷。
3. 回顧應(yīng)力的基本規(guī)律和失效分析。
4. 介紹靜態(tài)失效理論和靜態(tài)載荷下機械斷裂分析。
5. 介紹疲勞失效理論并強調(diào)在壓力條件下接近高循環(huán)的疲勞設(shè)計，這通常用在旋轉(zhuǎn)機械的設(shè)計中。
6. 深入探討機械磨損機理、表面接觸應(yīng)力和表面疲勞現(xiàn)象。
7. 使用疲勞分析技術(shù)校核軸的設(shè)計。
8. 討論潤滑油膜與滾動軸承的理論和應(yīng)用。
9. 深入介紹直齒圓柱齒輪的動力學(xué)、設(shè)計和應(yīng)力分析，并簡單介紹斜齒輪、錐齒輪和渦輪有關(guān)方面的問題。
10. 討論彈簧設(shè)計、螺桿等緊固件的設(shè)計，包括傳動螺桿和預(yù)緊固件。
11. 介紹盤式和鼓式離合器以及制動器的設(shè)計和技術(shù)說明。
機械設(shè)計
一臺完整機器的設(shè)計是一個復(fù)雜的過程。機械設(shè)計是一項創(chuàng)造性的工作。設(shè)計工程師不僅在工作上要有創(chuàng)造性，還必須在機械制圖、運動學(xué)、工程材料、材料力學(xué)和機械制造工藝學(xué)等方面具有深厚的基礎(chǔ)知識。
任何產(chǎn)品在設(shè)計時第一步就是選擇產(chǎn)品每個部分的構(gòu)成材料。許多的材料被今天的設(shè)計師所使用。對產(chǎn)品的功能，它的外觀、材料的成本、制造的成本作出必要的選擇是十分重要的。對材料的特性必須事先作出仔細的評估。
仔細精確的計算是必要的，以確保設(shè)計的有效性。在任何失敗的情況下，最好知道在最初設(shè)計中有有缺陷的部件。計算（圖紙尺寸）檢查是非常重要的。一個小數(shù)點的位置放錯，就可以導(dǎo)致一個本可以完成的項目失敗。設(shè)計工作的各個方面都應(yīng)該檢查和復(fù)查。
計算機是一種工具，它能夠幫助機械設(shè)計師減輕繁瑣的計算，并對現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)提供進一步的分析。互動系統(tǒng)基于計算機的能力，已經(jīng)使計算機輔助設(shè)計（CAD）和計算機輔助制造（CAM）成為了可能。心理學(xué)家經(jīng)常談?wù)撊绾问谷藗冞m應(yīng)他們所操作的機器。設(shè)計人員的基本職責(zé)是努力使機器來適應(yīng)人們。這并不是一項容易的工作，因為實際上并不存在著一個對所有人來說都是最優(yōu)的操作范圍和操作過程。另一個重要問題，設(shè)計工程師必須能夠同其他有關(guān)人員進行交流和磋商。在開始階段，設(shè)計人員必須就初步設(shè)計同管理人員進行交流和磋商，并得到批準。這一般是通過口頭討論，草圖和文字材料進行的。
如前所訴，機械設(shè)計的目的是生產(chǎn)能夠滿足人類需求的產(chǎn)品。發(fā)明、發(fā)現(xiàn)和科技知識本身并不一定能給人類帶來好處，只有當(dāng)它們被應(yīng)用在產(chǎn)品上才能產(chǎn)生效益。因而，應(yīng)該認識到在一個特定的產(chǎn)品進行設(shè)計之前，必須先確定人們是否需要這種產(chǎn)品。
應(yīng)當(dāng)把機械設(shè)計看成是機械設(shè)計人員運用創(chuàng)造性的才能進行產(chǎn)品設(shè)計、系統(tǒng)分析和制定產(chǎn)品的制造工藝學(xué)的一個良機。掌握工程基礎(chǔ)知識要比熟記一些數(shù)據(jù)和公式更為重要。僅僅使用數(shù)據(jù)和公式是不足以在一個好的設(shè)計中做出所需的全部決定的。另一方面，應(yīng)該認真精確的進行所有運算。例如，即使將一個小數(shù)點的位置放錯，也會使正確的設(shè)計變成錯誤的。
一個好的設(shè)計人員應(yīng)該勇于提出新的想法，而且愿意承擔(dān)一定的風(fēng)險，當(dāng)新的方法不適用時，就使用原來的方法。因此，設(shè)計人員必須要有耐心，因為 所花費的時間和努力并不能保證帶來成功。一個全新的設(shè)計，要求屏棄許多陳舊的，為人們所熟知的方法。由于許多人墨守成規(guī)，這樣做并不是一件容易的事。一位機械設(shè)計師應(yīng)該不斷地探索改進現(xiàn)有的產(chǎn)品的方法，在此過程中應(yīng)該認真選擇原有的、經(jīng)過驗證的設(shè)計原理，將其與未經(jīng)過驗證的新觀念結(jié)合起來。
新設(shè)計本身會有許多缺陷和未能預(yù)料的問題發(fā)生，只有當(dāng)這些缺陷和問題被解決之后，才能體現(xiàn)出新產(chǎn)品的優(yōu)越性。因此，一個性能優(yōu)越的產(chǎn)品誕生的同時，也伴隨著較高的風(fēng)險。應(yīng)該強調(diào)的是，如果設(shè)計本身不要求采用全新的方法，就沒有必要僅僅為了變革的目的而采用新方法。
Mechanical Design
Abstract:
A machine is a combination of mechanisms and other components which transforms, transmits. Examples are engines, turbines, vehicles, hoists, printing presses, washing machines, and movie cameras. Many of the principles and methods of design that apply to machines also apply to manufactured articles that are not true machines. The term "mechanical design" is used in a broader sense than "machine design" to include their design. the motion and structural aspects and the provisions for retention and enclosure are considerations in mechanical design. Applications occur in the field of mechanical engineering, and in other engineering fields as well, all of which require mechanical devices, such as switches, cams, valves, vessels, and mixers.
Keywords: Mechanical Design mechanisms Design Process
The Design Process
Designing starts with a need real.Existing apparatus may need improvements in durability, efficiency, weight, speed, or cost. New apparatus may be needed to perform a function previously
done by men, such as computation, assembly, or servicing. With the objective wholly or partly
In the design preliminary stage, should allow to design the personnel fully to display the creativity, not each kind of restraint. Even if has had many impractical ideas, also can in the design early time, namely in front of the plan blueprint is corrected. Only then, only then does not send to stops up the innovation the mentality. Usually, must propose several sets of design proposals, then perform the comparison. Has the possibility very much in the plan which finally designated, has used certain not in plan some ideas which accepts.
When the general shape and a few dimensions of the several components become apparent, analysis can begin in earnest. The analysis will have as its objective satisfactory or superior performance, plus safety and durability with minimum weight, and a competitive cost. Optimum proportions and dimensions will be sought for each critically loaded section, together with a balance between the strengths of the several components. Materials and their treatment will be chosen. These important objectives can be attained only by analysis based upon the principles of mechanics, such as those of static for reaction forces and for the optimum utilization of friction; of dynamics for inertia, acceleration, and energy; of elasticity and strength of materials for stress and deflection; of physical behavior of materials; and of fluid mechanics for lubrication and hydrodynamic drives. The analyses may be made by the same engineer who conceived the arrangement of mechanisms, or, in a large company, they may be made by a separate analysis division or research group. Design is a reiterative and cooperative process, whether done formally or informally, and the analyst can contribute to phases other than his own. Product design requires much research and development. Many Concepts of an idea must be studied, tried, and then either used or discarded. Although the content of each engineering problem is unique, the designers follow the similar process to solve the problems.
Product liability suits designers and forced in material selection, using the best program. In the process of material, the most common problems for five (a) don't understand or not use about the latest application materials to the best information, (b) failed to foresee and consider the reasonable use material may (such as possible, designers should further forecast and consider due to improper use products. In recent years, many products liability in litigation, the use of products and hurt the plaintiff accused manufacturer, and won the decision), (c) of the materials used all or some of the data, data, especially when the uncertainty long-term performance data is so, (d) quality control method is not suitable and unproven, (e) by some completely incompetent persons choose materials.
Through to the above five questions analysis, may obtain these questions is does not have the sufficient reason existence the conclusion. May for avoid these questions to these questions research analyses the appearance indicating the direction. Although uses the best choice of material method not to be able to avoid having the product responsibility lawsuit, designs the personnel and the industry carries on the choice of material according to the suitable procedure, may greatly reduce the lawsuit the quantity.
May see from the above discussion, the choice material people should to the material nature, the characteristic and the processing method have comprehensive and the basic understanding.
Finally, a design based upon function, and a prototype may be built. If its tests are satisfactory, the initial design will undergo certain modifications that enable it to be manufactured in quantity at a lower cost. During subsequent years of manufacture and service, the design is likely to undergo changes as new ideas are conceived or as further analyses based upon tests and experience indicate alterations. Sales appeal.
Some Rules for Design
In this section it is suggested that, applied with a creative attitude, analyses can lead to important improvements and to the conception and perfection of alternate, perhaps more functional, economical,
and durable products.
To stimulate creative thought, the following rules are suggested for the designer and analyst. The first six rules are particularly applicable for the analyst.
1. A creative use of need of physical properties and control process.
2. Recognize functional loads and their significance.
3. Anticipate unintentional loads.
4. Devise more favorable loading conditions.
5. Provide for favorable stress distribution and stiffness with minimum weight.
6. Use basic equations to proportion and optimize dimensions.
7. Choose materials for a combination of properties.
8. Select carefully, stock and integral components.
9. Modify a functional design to fit the manufacturing process and reduce cost.
10. Provide for accurate location and noninterference of parts in assembly.
Machinery design covers the following contents.
1. Provides an introduction to the design process , problem formulation ,safety factors.
2. Reviews the material properties and static and dynamic loading analysis ,
Including beam , vibration and impact loading.
3. Reviews the fundamentals of stress and defection analysis.
4. Introduces fatigue-failure theory with the emphasis on stress-life approaches to high-cycle fatigue design, which is commonly used in the design of rotation machinery.
5. Discusses thoroughly the phenomena of wear mechanisms, surface contact stresses ,and surface fatigue.
6. Investigates shaft design using the fatigue-analysis techniques.
7. Discusses fluid-film and rolling-element bearing theory and application
8. Gives a thorough introduction to the kinematics, design and stress analysis of spur gears , and a simple introduction to helical ,bevel ,and worm gearing.
9. Discusses spring design including compression ,extension and torsion springs.
10. Deals with screws and fasteners including power screw and preload fasteners.
11. Introduces the design and specification of disk and drum clutches and brakes.
Machine Design
The complete design of a machine is a complex process. The machine design is a creative work. Project engineer not only must have the creativity in the work, but also must in aspect and so on mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineerig material, materials mechanics and machine manufacture technology has the deep elementary knowledge.
One of the first steps in the design of any product is to select the material from which each part is to be made. Numerous materials are available to today's designers. The function of the product, its appearance, the cost of the material, and the cost of fabrication are important in making a selection. A careful evaluation of the properties of a. material must be made prior to any calculations.
Careful calculations are necessary to ensure the validity of a design. In case of any part failures, it is desirable to know what was done in originally designing the defective components. The checking of calculations (and drawing dimensions) is of utmost importance. The misplacement of one decimal point can ruin an otherwise acceptable project. All aspects of design work should be checked and rechecked.
The computer is a tool helpful to mechanical designers to lighten tedious calculations, and provide extended analysis of available data. Interactive systems, based on computer capabilities, have made possible the concepts of computer aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). How does the psychologist frequently discuss causes the machine which the people adapts them to operate. Designs personnel''s basic responsibility is diligently causes the machine to adapt the people. This certainly is not an easy work, because certainly does not have to all people to say in fact all is the most superior operating area and the operating process. Another important question, project engineer must be able to carry on the exchange and the consultation with other concerned personnel. In the initial stage, designs the personnel to have to carry on the exchange and the consultation on the preliminary design with the administrative personnel, and is approved. This generally is through the oral discussion, the schematic diagram and the writing material carries on.
If front sues, the machine design goal is the production can meet the human need the product. The invention, the discovery and technical knowledge itself certainly not necessarily can bring the advantage to the humanity, only has when they are applied can produce on the product the benefit. Thus, should realize to carries on before the design in a specific product, must first determine whether the people do need this kind of product
Must regard as the machine design is the machine design personnel carries on using creative ability the product design, the system analysis and a formulation product manufacture technology good opportunity. Grasps the project elementary knowledge to have to memorize some data and the formula is more important than. The merely service data and the formula is insufficient to the completely decision which makes in a good design needs. On the other hand, should be earnest precisely carries on all operations. For example, even if places wrong a decimal point position, also can cause the correct design to turn wrongly.
A good design personnel should dare to propose the new idea, moreover is willing to undertake the certain risk, when the new method is not suitable, use original method. Therefore, designs the personnel to have to have to have the patience, because spends the time and the endeavor certainly cannot guarantee brings successfully. A brand-new design, the request screen abandons obsoletely many, knows very well the method for the people. Because many person of conservativeness, does this certainly is not an easy matter. A mechanical designer should unceasingly explore the improvement existing product the method, should earnestly choose originally, the process confirmation principle of design in this process, with has not unified it after the confirmation new idea.
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