新視野第三版 第一冊 課后翻譯答案

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1、新視野大學英語（第三版）第一冊課后翻譯答案及原文Unit 1原文：Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who is credited with laying the fundamentals (基礎) of modern Western philosophy. He is a mysterious figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his most famous student Plat

2、o.Socrates has become well known for his contribution to the field of ethics. His method of teaching, known as the Socratic Method, by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions. He also made importan

3、t and lasting contributions to the field of epistemology (認識論) and logic, and the influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for Western philosophy that followed.Socrates was the most colorful figure in the history of ancient philosophy. His fame was widespread in his own time,

4、and his name soon became a household word although he constructed no philosophical system, established no school, and founded no sect (宗派). 翻譯：蘇格拉底是古希臘哲學家，被譽為現(xiàn)代西方哲學的奠基人。他是一個謎一般的人物，人們主要通過后來的一些古典作家的敘述，尤其是他最著名的學生柏拉圖的作品去了解他。蘇格拉底以他對倫理學的貢獻而聞名。他的教學法亦稱為蘇格拉底法，即通過提問和回答來激發(fā)批判性思維以及闡述觀點。該方法在各種討論中仍被普遍使用。他還在認識論和邏輯領

5、域做出了重大而深遠的貢獻。他的思想和方法所帶來的影響一直是后來的西方哲學的堅實基礎。蘇格拉底是古代哲學史上最豐富多彩的人物。他在他那個時代已威名遠揚。雖然他未曾建立什么哲學體系，未曾設立什么學派，也未曾創(chuàng)立什么宗派，但他的名字很快就變得家喻戶曉了。原文：孔子是中國歷史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家學派（Confucianism）的創(chuàng)始人，被尊稱為古代的“圣人”（sage）。他的言論和生平活動記錄在論語（The Analects）一書中。論語是中國古代文化的經(jīng)典著作，對后來歷代的思想家、文學家、政治家產(chǎn)生了很大影響。不研究論語，就不能真正把握中國幾千年的傳統(tǒng)文化。孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想

6、，對中國社會產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響。在21世紀的今天，孔子的學說不僅受到中國人的重視，而且也越來越受到整個國際社會的重視。 翻譯：Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient sage. His words and life story were recorded in The Analects. An enduring classic of ancient

7、Chinese culture, The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius. Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years traditional Chinese culture. Much of Confucius thought, especially his thought on education,

8、 has had a profound influence on Chinese society. In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community.Unit 2原文：Christmas is a widely observed cultural holiday, celebrated on December 25 by mil

9、lions of people around the world. It commemorates (紀念) the birth of Jesus Christ. The festival dated from as early as 336 AD. Gradually it evolved into a religious as well as secular (非宗教的) celebration, celebrated by an increasing number of non-Christians. Today Christmas is observed as an important

10、 festival and public holiday around the world. Christmas customs differ in different countries. Popular modern customs of the holiday include an exchange of Christmas cards and gifts, Christmas singing, church attendance, the display of various Christmas decorations and trees, family gatherings, and

11、 a special meal preparation. To small children, the festival is full of fantasy and surprise. Legend (傳說) has it that Santa Claus will enter each house through the chimney and bring gifts to well-behaved children on Christmas Eve. Because gift-giving and many other aspects of the Christmas festival

12、heighten economic activity among both Christians and non-Christians, the holiday has also become a significant event and a key sales period for businesses.翻譯：圣誕節(jié)是一個被廣泛慶祝的文化節(jié)日，全世界有許許多多的人在1 2月2 5日慶祝這一節(jié)日。它是為了紀念耶穌基督的誕辰。該節(jié)日最早可追溯到公元3 3 6年。漸漸地，這一節(jié)日演變?yōu)橐粋€既是宗教又是非宗教的節(jié)日，越來越多的非基督徒也慶祝圣誕節(jié)。如今，圣誕節(jié)在全球被作為一個重大的節(jié)日和公共假日來

13、慶祝。不同國家的圣誕節(jié)風俗也各不相同?，F(xiàn)代流行的圣誕節(jié)風俗包括交換圣誕賀卡和圣誕禮物、唱圣誕歌曲、參加教堂活動、擺放各種圣誕裝飾品和圣誕樹、舉行家庭聚會以及準備一頓特別的大餐。對小孩子們來說，這個節(jié)日充滿了幻想和驚喜。據(jù)傳說，圣誕老人會在圣誕夜從煙囪進入每戶人家，給乖巧聽話的孩子帶來禮物。由于圣誕節(jié)送禮物以及許多其他方面推動了基督徒和非基督徒的經(jīng)濟活動，圣誕節(jié)也因此成為商家的一個重大活動和主要銷售季。原文：每 年 農(nóng) 歷（Chinese lunar calendar）八 月 十 五 是我 國 的 傳 統(tǒng) 節(jié) 日 中 秋 節(jié)（the Mid-Autumn Festival）。這時是一年秋季的中期

14、，所以被稱為中秋。中秋節(jié)的一項重要活動是賞月。夜晚，人們賞明月、吃月餅，共慶中秋佳節(jié)。中秋節(jié)也是家庭團圓的時刻，遠在他鄉(xiāng)的游子，會借此寄托自己對故鄉(xiāng)和親人的思念之情。中秋節(jié)的習俗很多，都寄托著人們對美好生活的熱愛和向往。自2008年起，中秋節(jié)成為中國的法定節(jié)假日翻譯：According to the Chinese lunar calendar, August 15 of every year is a traditional Chinese festival the Mid-Autumn Festival. This day is the middle of autumn, so it is

15、 called Mid-Autumn. One of the important Mid-Autumn Festival activities is to enjoy the moon. On that night, people gather together to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, looking up at the bright moon and eating moon cakes. The festival is also a time for family reunion. People living far away from h

16、ome will express their feelings of missing their hometowns and families at this festival. There are many customs to celebrate the festival, all expressing peoples love and hope for a happy life. Since 2008, the Mid-Autumn Festival has become an official national holiday in China.Unit 3原文：he London U

17、nderground is a rapid transit (交通運輸系統(tǒng)) system in the United Kingdom, serving a large part of Greater London. The underground system is also known as the Tube, due to the characteristic shape of the subway tunnels. It all started in the mid-1800s. The Tube was the worlds first underground train syste

18、m, with the first section opening in 1863. Since then it has grown to an underground masterpiece (杰作) of 12 lines, 275 stations, and over 250 miles of rail track, 45% of which is underground. It is the fourth largest metro system in the world in terms of route miles. It also has one of the largest n

19、umbers of stations. As an affordable and easy way to get around London, the Tube remains the first choice for millions of commuters each day, as well as tourists visiting the city on holidays. The Tube has been an international icon for London. The London Underground celebrated its 150 years of oper

20、ation in 2013, with various events marking the milestone (里程碑).翻譯：倫敦地鐵是英國的一個快速交通運輸系統(tǒng)，服務于大倫敦的大部分地區(qū)。地鐵系統(tǒng)因其地鐵隧道的典型形狀也被稱為地下管道。倫敦地鐵始建于19 世紀中期，是世界上最早的地下鐵路系統(tǒng)。它的第一段地鐵于1863 年開始運營。自此，倫敦地鐵不斷延伸，發(fā)展成為一個包括12條線路、275個車站、鐵軌總長超過250 英里的地鐵杰作，其中有45在地下運行。就路線長度而言，它是世界上第四大地鐵系統(tǒng)，也是車站數(shù)量最多的地鐵系統(tǒng)之一。作為一個走遍倫敦的經(jīng)濟便捷的途徑，倫敦地鐵一向是每天數(shù)百萬通勤

21、者以及在節(jié)假日游歷倫敦的游客的首選。倫敦地鐵已成為倫敦的一個國際標志。2013 年倫敦舉辦了各種各樣的活動，慶祝地鐵運營150 周年，紀念這一里程碑。原文：中國航天業(yè)開創(chuàng)于1956年。幾十年來，中國航天事業(yè)創(chuàng)造了一個又一個奇跡。1970年，中國成功發(fā)射了第一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星，成為世界上第五個獨立自主研制和發(fā)射人造地球衛(wèi)星的國家。1992年，中國開始實施載人航天飛行工程（manned spaceflight program）。2003年，中國成功發(fā)射了神舟五號載人飛船，使中國成為第三個發(fā)射載人飛船的國家。2007年發(fā)射了嫦娥一號，即第一顆繞月球飛行（lunar-orbiting）的人造衛(wèi)星。201

22、3年，第五艘載人飛船神舟十號發(fā)射成功，為中國空間站的建設打下了基礎。翻譯：Chinas space industry was launched in 1956. Over the past decades, Chinas space industry has created one miracle after another. In 1970 China launched its first man-made earth satellite, ranking China the fifth country in the world to independently develop and la

23、unch man-made earth satellites. In 1992 China began to carry out the manned spaceflight program. In 2003 China launchedShenzhou-5, a manned spaceship. The successful launch made China the third country to launch manned spaceships. In 2007Change-1, the first lunar-orbiting man-made satellite, was sen

24、t to space. In 2013Shenzhou-10, the fifth manned spaceship, was launched successfully, laying the foundation for building the Chinese Space Station.Unit 4原文：As one of the first Europeans to travel across Asia through China, Marco Polo is perhaps the most well-known foreign merchant and voyager to th

25、e Chinese people. He traveled extensively (廣泛地) with his family, journeying from Europe to Asia from 1271 to 1295. He remained in China for 17 of those years. His bookThe Travels of Marco Polodepicts his journeys throughout Asia, giving Europeans their first comprehensive look into the Far East, inc

26、luding China, India, and Japan. From his written accounts the Westerners learned of porcelain, coal, gunpowder, printing, paper money, and silk for the first time. The wealth of new geographic information recorded by Polo was widely used in the late 15th and the 16th centuries during the age of the

27、European voyages of discovery and conquest (征服). In the centuries since his death, Marco Polo has received the recognition that failed to come his way during his lifetime. Marco Polos story has inspired countless other adventurers to set off and see the world.翻譯：作為通過中國游歷亞洲的首批歐洲人之一，馬可波羅可能是中國人最熟知的外國商人

28、和航海家。從1271 年到1295 年，他和他的家人游歷廣泛，遍及歐洲和亞洲。期間，他在中國留居了17 年。他的著作馬可波羅游記描述了他游歷亞洲的旅程，讓歐洲人首次全面領略了包括中國、印度和日本在內(nèi)的遠東地區(qū)的情況。從他的文字敘述中，西方人第一次了解到瓷器、煤炭、火藥、印刷術、紙幣以及絲綢。在15 世紀末和16 世紀歐洲發(fā)現(xiàn)及征服的大航海時代，馬可波羅所記錄的大量新的地理信息得到了廣泛使用。在他去世后的這幾個世紀里，馬可波羅獲得了他在有生之年未曾獲得的贊譽。馬可波羅的故事鼓舞了其他無數(shù)的探險者去踏上征程，發(fā)現(xiàn)世界。原文：鄭和是中國歷史上最著名的航海家（maritime explorer）。公元

29、1405 年，明朝的統(tǒng)治者為了穩(wěn)固邊防（border defense）和開展海上貿(mào)易，派鄭和下西洋（the Western Seas）。在此后的28 年里，鄭和帶領船隊七下西洋，前后出海的人員有10 多萬人，訪問了30 多個國家和地區(qū)。船隊縱橫南亞、西亞，一直到非洲大陸。鄭和下西洋是世界航海（navigation）史上的壯舉，它展現(xiàn)了鄭和卓越的航海和組織才能，同時展現(xiàn)了明朝的國力和國威（national strength and prestige），加強了明朝和海外各國之間的關系。翻譯：Zheng He was the most famous maritime explorer in Chin

30、ese history. In 1405 AD, the ruler of the Ming Dynasty sent Zheng He on a voyage to the Western Seas in order to strengthen border defense and develop trade by sea. In the following 28 years, Zheng He led his fleet, made seven voyages to the Western Seas with over 100,000 crew members in total, and

31、visited more than 30 countries and regions. The fleet traveled far into South Asia and West Asia, and made all the way to the continent of Africa. Zheng Hes voyages to the Western Seas were a great feat in the worlds navigation history. It showed Zheng Hes outstanding navigation and organization tal

32、ents; meanwhile, it exhibited the national strength and prestige of the Ming Dynasty, and strengthened the relationships between the Ming Dynasty and the overseas countries.Unit 5原文：The first written records of the ancient Olympic Games date to 776 BC. The ancient Olympics were held every four years

33、 between August 6 and September 19 during a religious festival honoring Zeus (宙斯). The first modern Olympics were held in Athens, Greece, in 1896. The Olympic symbol consists of five interlaced rings of equal dimensions, representing the union of the five continents and the meeting of athletes from

34、throughout the world at the Olympic Games. The Olympics truly took off as an international sporting event after 1924, when the 8th Olympic Games were held in Paris. Some 3,000 athletes from 44 nations competed that year, and for the first time the Games featured a closing ceremony. The Winter Olympi

35、cs debuted (問世) that year, including such events as figure skating, ice hockey, bobsledding and the biathlon. Eighty years later, when the 2004 Summer Olympics returned to Athens for the first time in more than a century, nearly 11,000 athletes from 201 countries competed, breaking the then record o

36、f participating countries.翻譯：有關古代奧林匹克運動會的最早文字記載可追溯至公元前776年。古代奧運會每4年舉辦一次，在8月6日及9月19日之間的一個紀念宙斯的宗教節(jié)日期間舉行。第一屆現(xiàn)代奧運會于1896年在希臘雅典舉辦。奧運會的標志由五個大小相同的套環(huán)組成，代表著五大洲的聯(lián)合和來自世界各地運動員的大聚會。奧運會真正騰飛、成為一項國際體育盛會是在1924年之后，即第8屆奧運會在巴黎舉辦之后。這一年，來自44個國家約3,000名運動員同場競技，并且第一次在奧運會上增加了閉幕式這一儀式。同年，冬季奧運會首次亮相，比賽項目包括花樣滑冰、冰球、雪橇和冬季兩項運動。80年后，2

37、004年夏季奧運會在相隔一個多世紀后再次在雅典舉辦，來自201個國家的近11,000名運動員展開競技，創(chuàng)下參賽國數(shù)量之最。原文：太極拳（Tai Chi）是一種武術（martial arts）項目，也是一種健身運動，在中國有著悠久的歷史。太極拳動作緩慢而柔和，適合任何年齡、性別、體型的人練習。太極拳既可防身，又能強身健體，因而深受中國人的喜愛。太極拳在發(fā)展的過程中，借鑒并吸收了中國傳統(tǒng)哲學、醫(yī)術、武術的合理內(nèi)容（element），成為特色鮮明的一項運動。作為中國特有的一種運動形式，太極拳也越來越受到眾多外國朋友的喜愛。翻譯：Tai Chi is a kind of martial arts, a

38、nd a fitness exercise as well. It has a long history in China. With slow and gentle movements, Tai Chi is suitable for people of any age, sex, or body type to practice. It can be used to provide self-defense as well as build the body. Therefore, it has become very popular among Chinese people. Durin

39、g its development, Tai Chi borrowed and absorbed desirable elements from traditional Chinese philosophy, medicine, and martial arts, and it has developed into a sport with unique features. As a unique sport in China, Tai Chi is also gaining increasing popularity among many foreign friends.Unit 6原文：G

40、ap year (間隔年) refers to a period of time not necessarily a year in which students take time off and do something other than schooling, such as travel or work. The year out is most commonly taken after high school and before going to university. During this time, a student might travel, engage in vol

41、unteer work or undertake (承擔) a working holiday abroad. A new trend is to participate in international education programs that combine language study, home stays, cultural exchange, community service, and independent study. The practice of taking a year out developed in the United Kingdom in the 196

42、0s. It has grown very popular among students in the UK, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada. In the United States, however, the practice of taking a year off remains the exception (例外). But in recent years, taking a year out has become slightly more common for Americans. Some 40,000 American students

43、 participated in 2013 in gap year programs, an increase of almost 20% since 2006. Universities such as Princeton University, Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology have formal policies allowing students to defer (延期) admission.翻譯：間隔年指的是學生休假不去上學而去旅游或工作等的一段時間，但不一定是一年。間隔年通常選在高中畢業(yè)和進入大

44、學之前的一段時間。在這段時間里，學生可以旅游、參加志愿者工作或者在國外邊打工邊度假。一種新潮流是參加集語言學習、住家、文化交流、社區(qū)服務和自主學習于一體的國際教育活動。間隔年的做法于20世紀60年代興起于英國。它在英國、澳大利亞、新西蘭和加拿大已經(jīng)變得非常流行。但是在美國，間隔年的做法仍然只是個別現(xiàn)象。不過近年來，間隔年對美國人來說變得稍微普遍起來。2013年有大約四萬美國學生參加了間隔年活動，比2006年增加了近20%。普林斯頓大學、哈佛大學、麻省理工學院等大學都有明文規(guī)定允許學生延遲入學。原文：改革開放以來，中國的教育事業(yè)得到了快速發(fā)展，取得了引人矚目的成就。中國政府把教育擺在優(yōu)先發(fā)展的地

45、位，堅持科教興國（revitalize the country），全面提倡素質教育 (quality-oriented education)。同時，積極推進教育公平，保障人人有受教育的機會。中國的教育成就反映在兩個不同的層面：一個是全面普及了九年義務教育（nine-year compulsory education），另一個是實現(xiàn)了高等教育大眾化（mass higher education）。教育的發(fā)展為中國的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和社會進步作出了重大貢獻。近年來，為適應社會、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的需要，中國政府不斷加快培養(yǎng)各領域的急需人才。翻譯：Since its economic reform and openin

46、g-up to the world, Chinas education has gone through rapid development and made remarkable achievements. The Chinese government gives top priority to the development of education, persists in revitalizing the country by science and education, and fully advocates quality-oriented education. Meanwhile

47、, it actively promotes equality in education to guarantee everyone access to education. Chinas achievements in education can be reflected in two different layers: One is the popularization of the nine-year compulsory education; the other is the realization of mass higher education. The development o

48、f education has made significant contributions to Chinas economic development and social progress. In recent years, to satisfy the needs of social and economic development, the Chinese government has sped up the training of qualified personnel urgently needed in various fields.Unit 7原文：The belief in

49、 the freedom of the individual is probably the most basic and most strongly held of all American beliefs. The most important thing to understand Americans is probably their devotion (深愛) to individualism. They have been trained since very early in their lives to consider themselves as separate indiv

50、iduals who are responsible for their own situations in life and their own destiny. Americans view themselves as highly individualistic in their thoughts and actions. They resist being thought of as representatives of any homogeneous (由同類組成的) group. When they do join groups, they believe they are spe

51、cial, just a little different from other members of the same group. Closely associated with the value they place on individualism is the importance Americans assign privacy. Americans assume people need some time to themselves or some time alone to think about things or recover their spent psycholog

52、ical energy. Americans have great difficulty understanding foreigners who always want to be with another person and who dislike being alone.翻譯：在所有美國人的信念中，最基本、最強烈的信念可能就是崇尚個人自由。要理解美國人，最重要的也許就是了解他們對個人主義的熱愛。生活中他們很早就開始受到教育，把自己看成獨立的個體，對人生中自己的處境以及自己的前途命運負責。美國人認為自己的思想和行為高度個性化。他們不愿被視為任何同質群體的代表。如果確實加入了群體，他們也認

53、為自己有特別之處，及同一個群體中的其他成員有著些許的差別。及美國人對個人主義賦予的價值緊密相關的是他們對個人隱私的重視。美國人認為，人需要有自己的時間或者有時間獨處，用來思考事情，或者恢復他們所消耗的心理能量。美國人很難理解那些總想及人結伴、不愛獨處的外國人。原文：為人誠信，以和為貴是中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德。和的思想體現(xiàn)在很多方面。在處理人及人的關系上，中國傳統(tǒng)思想主張和為貴以及家和萬事興，從而創(chuàng)造一個和諧的社會環(huán)境。在人及自然的關系上，人類應當學會認識自然，尊重自然，保護自然。人及人、人及社會、人及自然都需要和諧。如今，和諧發(fā)展依然是我們的治國之本和管理人才之道。隨著我國社會經(jīng)濟和文化的發(fā)展，和

54、的思想更加深入人心。中國正在向構建社會主義和諧社會的目標邁進。翻譯：Integrity and harmony are traditional Chinese virtues. Harmony is demonstrated in various aspects. In regard to interpersonal relations, traditional Chinese thoughts hold that Harmony is most precious and A family that lives in harmony will prosper. A harmonious soc

55、ial environment can be created based on these principles. As for relations between human beings and nature, people should learn to understand, respect and protect nature. Harmony is essential to interpersonal relations, relations between human beings and society, as well as between human beings and

56、nature. Nowadays, harmonious development is still the way of running the country and managing talented personnel. With the development of Chinas society, economy and culture, the idea of harmony goes even deeper into peoples hearts. China is on its way toward the goal of building a harmonious social

57、ist society.Unit 8原文：As the worlds only truly universal global organization, the United Nations (UN) has become the foremost forum to address issues that transcend (超越) national boundaries and cannot be resolved by any one country acting alone. The initial goals of the UN are safeguarding (保護) peace

58、, protecting human rights, establishing the framework for international justice and promoting economic and social progress. In recent years, the UN has been faced with new challenges, such as climate change, international terrorism and AIDS. While conflict resolution and peacekeeping continue to be

59、among its primary efforts, the UN, along with its specialized agencies, is also engaged in a wide range of activities to improve peoples lives around the world from disaster relief, through education and advancement of women, to peaceful uses of atomic energy. The UN and its specialized agencies hav

60、e helped the world become a more hospitable (熱情友好的) and livable place and brought great benefits to people around the world.翻譯：作為世界上唯一一個真正具有普遍性的世界組織，聯(lián)合國已經(jīng)成為處理超越國界、而且任何一個國家都無法獨立解決的問題的首要論壇。聯(lián)合國最初的宗旨是維護和平、保護人權、建立國際公平正義的框架以及促進經(jīng)濟和社會進步。近年來，聯(lián)合國又面臨著新的挑戰(zhàn)，諸如氣候變化、國際恐怖主義和艾滋病等?，F(xiàn)在，解決爭端及維護和平仍然是聯(lián)合國最主要的任務。除此之外，聯(lián)合國及其專

61、門機構還致力于各種旨在改進世界人民生活的活動，從賑災到教育和婦女進步，再到原子能的和平使用。聯(lián)合國及其專門機構推動世界成為一個更加友好、更加宜居的地方，為全世界人民帶來了福祉。原文：新中國成立后，中國堅持（persist in）獨立自主的和平外交政策，在外交領域取得了巨大成就。截至2011年，中國已及172個國家建立了外交關系（diplomatic relations）。近年來，隨著中國綜合國力的提升（enhancement），中國在國際事務中的作用越來越重要，中國的國際地位得到進一步提升。在地區(qū)性事務中，中國積極推動各種區(qū)域合作，為維護地區(qū)和平、促進地區(qū)發(fā)展作出了重要貢獻。中國外交（dipl

62、omacy）將高舉和平、發(fā)展、合作、共贏的旗幟（banner），在和平共處五項原則的基礎上，通過全面發(fā)展同各國的友好合作，為建設持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界作出不懈的努力（make unremitting efforts）。翻譯：Since the founding of the Peoples Republic of China, China has persisted in the independent foreign policy of peace, and made tremendous progress in foreign affairs. By 2011, China had

63、established diplomatic relations with 172 countries. Over recent years, with the enhancement of its comprehensive national strength, China has been playing an increasingly important role in international affairs, and Chinas international status has been further enhanced. In regional affairs, China a

64、ctively promotes all kinds of regional cooperation. It has made important contributions in maintaining regional peace and promoting regional development. Chinas diplomacy will hold high the banner of peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit. On the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and through all-round and friendly cooperation with various countries, China will make unremitting efforts to build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.