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1、時態(tài)講解：現(xiàn)在完成時1）現(xiàn)在完成時通常表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。說話人強調(diào)的是該動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女兒剛出去。 Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我們以前見過面。 She has arrived. 她到了。2）表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段時間的狀語連用，如recently, already, just, lately, for, since,yet等。如：I havent heard from her these days.
2、這些日子我沒有收到她的信。 We havent seen you recently. 最近我們沒有見到你。They have been away for two years. 他們離開已經(jīng)兩年了。 She has been with us since Monday.3）. 現(xiàn)在完成時還可以用來表示過去的一個時間到現(xiàn)在這段時間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動作. We have had four texts this semester. 6. have been to 和have gone to的區(qū)別have been to 強調(diào)“去過”，現(xiàn)已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA three
3、 times.他到美國去過三次。（過去“到美國”，現(xiàn)在已“不在美國”）have gone to主要強調(diào)的是“去了”，現(xiàn)在人不在說話的現(xiàn)場，如：-Wheres your mother? -你媽媽在哪？-She has gone to the hospital. -她去醫(yī)院了。一 結(jié)構(gòu)1.肯定句：主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞+其他2.否定句：主語+have/has+not+動詞的過去分詞+其他3.一般疑問句：have/has+主語+動詞的過去分詞+其他 Yes, 主語+have/has. No , 主語+have/has+not4.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+動詞的過
4、去分詞+其他二 常和現(xiàn)在完成時一起連用的時間狀語注意:.現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與準確時間連用，(如表示過去的時間狀語）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非與for, since連用.1.現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑問）, just, before, recently, still, lately，Just, already, yet, ever, never, before, twice(重復(fù)性時間)， for+短時間， since+點時間， so far, h
5、ow long 提問的疑問句中.He has already obtained a scholarship. I havent seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet ?2. 現(xiàn)在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用,如ever, never, twice, several times等: Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything ag
6、ainst her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman several times.3. 現(xiàn)在完成時還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用,如up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far等: Peter has written six papers so far. Up to the present everything has been succes
7、sful. 三 當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時與表示短時間的時間狀語連用時，謂語動詞必須使用延續(xù)性動詞。如果謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞則轉(zhuǎn)化為對應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞。 若不是和短時間連用，則不用轉(zhuǎn)化。英語的行為動詞有持續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之分，使用中應(yīng)注意兩者的區(qū)別。1. 持續(xù)性動詞: 表示一個動作可以持續(xù)一段時間或更長時間。常見的study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep等。2. 瞬間性動詞: 表示一個動作發(fā)生在一瞬間，非常短暫。亦稱終止性動詞
8、。常見的-begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等3. 瞬間性動詞在完成時中如要與表示持續(xù)一段時間的狀語連用，通常用意思相當(dāng)?shù)某掷m(xù)性動詞來替換He has been in the army/a soldier f
9、or three years. （他參軍已有3年了。）不用has joined She has been up for quite some time. （她起床已有好久了。）不用has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long time? （離家已有好久了嗎？）不用has left 常用瞬間動詞相應(yīng)持續(xù)性動詞關(guān)系：1、gobe away 2、comebe here 3、come backbe back 4、leavebe away（be not here） 5、buyhave 6、borrowkeep 7、diebe dea
10、d 8、beginbe on 9、finishbe over 10、openbe open 11、closebe closed 12、losebe lost 13、get to knowknow 14、turn onbe on 15、get upbe up 16、sit downsit/beseated 17、joinbe in（）或be amember 18、becomebe動詞不規(guī)則變化分類記憶表一、ABB型（過去分詞與過去式一樣）1、sleep-sleptsweepsweptkeepkept2、burn-burntmeanmeant3、bringbroughtfightfoughtbuy
11、boughtteachtaughtthinkthoughtcatchcaught4、lendlentbuild-builtsendsentspendspentfindfoundhold-held5、feel-feltsmellsmeltmeetmetgetgotsitsatleaveleftlose-lost6、sellsoldtell-toldsay-saidstand-stoodwin-wonunderstandunderstoodmake-made二、ABC型（過去分詞=動詞原形+n/en） 1、blow blew -blown grow -grew grown know -knew k
12、nown throw -threw -thrown draw -drew drawn show -showed -shown 2、drive -drove -driven rise rose -risen give -gave -given see -saw -seen take -took -taken 3、mistake -mistook -mistaken eat -ate -eaten beat beat -beaten 4、fall-fell -fallen ride -rode -riden write -wrote -writen 三、 ABC型（過去分詞=過去式+n）break
13、-broke-broken choose-chose-chosen speak -spoke -spoken 四、 ABC型（動詞原形、過去式、過去分詞的元音字母呈i-a-u 變化） begin -began -begun drink -drank -drunk ring -rang rung 五、 ABC型（原形、過去式、過去分詞各不一樣） am/ is -was -been are -were -been fly -flew-flown lie -lay -lain do -did -done go -went -gone wear -wore -worn 六、 ABA型（過去分詞與原形一
14、樣）become -became -become come -came -come run -ran -run 七、 AAA型 cut hit hurt let put read 八、 ABB型（兩種形式）hang -hung / hanged -hung / hanged learn -learned / learnt -learned / learnt shine -shone / shined -shone / shined smell -smelt / smelled -smelt /smelled4. 瞬間動詞的否定形式可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用例如：I havent seen y
15、ou for a long time.（好久沒見到你了。） 四 區(qū)別下面三組詞Have been to 表示去過某地方，不過現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來Have gone to 表示去了，還未回來Have been in 表示一直在某個地方五現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去，但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；而一般過去時表示過去的事實，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。I have just been to London. I went there last month. 我剛?cè)ミ^倫敦，是上個月去的。1. 過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去
16、的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。2. 過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。 一般過去時的時間狀語: yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語 共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately 現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, y
17、et, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,六 現(xiàn)在完成時的反義疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)主語+have/has+動詞過去分詞+其他， have/has+not+主語主語+have/has+not+動詞過去分詞+其他， have/has+主語七 現(xiàn)在完成時考點例析一、考查其構(gòu)成助動詞have (has) +動詞過去分詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時。如：1. Kates never seen Chinese films，_ ? A. hasnt she B. has she C. isnt she D. is she析：陳述句部分含否定詞never,簡略問句部分要用
18、肯定式，又因Kates是Kate has的縮寫，故選B。2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改為否定句)His uncle _ posted the photos to him _. 析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑問句中，故填hasnt, yet。3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So _her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. have析：so+助/系/情態(tài)動詞+主語結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞形式應(yīng)與前句結(jié)構(gòu)中動詞形式保持一致，又后句的主語為her pa
19、rents是復(fù)數(shù),故選D。二、考查其用法與標志詞(一)當(dāng)句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等時，常用現(xiàn)在完成時。如：1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -_you_ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished2. -_ you _anywhere before? -Yes, but I cant remember where I_A. Did; surf; surfed B
20、. Have; surfed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed析：據(jù)yet和before可知,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，故1題選D，2題選D。(二)當(dāng)句中有for +段時間或since +點時間等時，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時，謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞，若是非延續(xù)性動詞，要改為延續(xù)性動詞或表狀態(tài)的詞(短語)。如：1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice_he came to Yunnan. A. after B. before C. since D. for析：主句用的是
21、現(xiàn)在完成時，而從句用的是一般過去時，故選C。2. Tom_the CD player for two weeks.A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had析：A、B、C均為非延續(xù)性動詞，在肯定句中不與表段時間的短語連用，故選D。3. I_a letter from him since he left. A. didnt receive B. havent got C. didnt have D. havent heard析：據(jù)since可知，應(yīng)排除A、C，hear from sb.=receive/get/have a lette
22、r from sb.意為收到某人的來信，故選B。三、考查have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的區(qū)別。如：1. -Have you ever_Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?-Yes, I have. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to析：據(jù)句中的have，排除A，B項意為去某地了，C項意為一直呆在某地，D項意為去過某地，符合題意，故選D。2. My parents _ Shangdong for ten years. A. have been in
23、B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been析：本題句中有for+段時間結(jié)構(gòu)，據(jù)此可排除C，B項意為去過某地，不合題意，D項缺介詞，故選A。四、考查現(xiàn)在完成時與其他時態(tài)的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別。如：1. Suns aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正確的句子)析：非延續(xù)性動詞與段時間連用時，除了把非延續(xù)性動詞改成延續(xù)性動詞外，還可把動詞改為一般過去時或借助句型Its +段時間+since+從句進行句子轉(zhuǎn)換。故答案為：Suns aunt has been there for ten years. /Suns aunt wen
24、t there ten years ago. /Its ten years since Suns aunt went there. 2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改為同義句)_more than ten years _Susan _to this city. 析：據(jù)上題分析，且since引導(dǎo)的從句要用一般過去時，故填I(lǐng)t is, since, came。3. I wont go to the concert because I _my ticket. A. lost B. dont lose C. have lo
25、st D. is coming析：因我丟了票的動作發(fā)生在過去，而且對現(xiàn)在造成了我不能參加音樂會的結(jié)果，符合現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的含意，故選C?，F(xiàn)在完成時的練習(xí)（一）一、 單項選擇1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _whats happened to him . knew . have known . must know . will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai, has he?. already . never . ever . still3、Have you met Mr. Li _？. just . ago .b
26、efore .a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes. I hope it will be even _. has changed ; well . changed; good. has changed ; better . changed; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two y
27、ears . was; studying . will; study. has; studied . are; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、These farmers have been to the United States Really? When _ there?. will
28、 they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes. I _ it a moment ago. Did; do; finished . Have; done; finished. Have; done; have finished . will; do; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in D. has been in12、Do you know him wel
29、l ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have mad 113、How long have you _ here ? About two months. been . gone . come . Arrived14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes. has begun . had begun . has been on . Began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has
30、 . will . Was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office. she _ to the library. has gone . went .will go . has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years. have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19 has
31、 Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university二、 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑問句） 2、T
32、hey have been here since 2000. (對劃線部分提問) have they been here?3、The old man _ last year. He for a year. (die) （動詞填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for
33、three years .（同義句） Her mother _ the Party three years _.7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) _ two years _ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把兩個句子合并成一個句子) _ 三、 漢譯英。1. 我剛剛丟了我的化學(xué)書。（just） 2. 我以前從來沒去過那個農(nóng)場。(never) 3. 你已經(jīng)看過這部電影了嗎
34、？ 4. 我妹妹成為一個大學(xué)生已經(jīng)三年。 5. 他們已去了美國五年了。(for) 現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí)（二）I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers
35、 office.5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine to
36、morrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _ here?A. come B. got C. arrive
37、d D. been 2. My grandpa died _.A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.3. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. been B. gone C. went D. never been4. It is ten years _ I last saw her.A. after B. since C. for D. that5.-Who will go to the station to meet Lo
38、rry? -I will. I _ her several times.A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet6. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had7.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have become
39、C. have been D. have turned8. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years.A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park.A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to10. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice.A.
40、 Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, goingIII. Rewrite the sentences. 1. I have been to Macau before. (改為否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before.2. He hasnt come to school because he was ill. (就劃線部分提問) _ _ he come to school?3. I bough a new bike just now. (用just改寫) I _ just _ a new bike.4. We began
41、to learn English three years ago.(改為同義句) We _ _English _three years5. He has never surfed, _ _? （改成反意疑問句） 6. They have been here since 2000. (對劃線部分提問) _ _have they been here?7. The old man _ last year. He has _ _for a year. (die) （動詞填空）8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Miss Gao has _ _ _ an hour
42、ago. Ask the questions1) I have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _?2) My father has lived here since 2000._ _ _ your father _ _?3) He left here yesterday._ _ he _ _?4) They bought a book two hours ago._ _ they _ a book?. Use “never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since” to fill in the blanks.1. I
43、 have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”六、用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各種形式填空。1) Where i
44、s Jack? He _ his country.2) David _ the park just now.3) John _ England since he came back.4) How long _ they _ this village?5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.7) I _ this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm.9) When_ he _? H
45、e _ an hour ago.10) Would you like to _ to the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before.11) Where _ you _ now? - I _ to the zoo.12) He often _ swimming.13) _ you _ there last year?14) _ they often _ skating in winter?七 用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”
現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí)題及答案.doc
