2015河南中考英語專項復習講解(一).docx

中考英語專項講解+習題+答案：形容詞副詞的比較級和最高級一、形容詞的比較等級和最高等級：（一）形容詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化： 1單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成情況構(gòu)成方式原級比較級最高級一般情況加-er或-estnewlongnewerlongernewestlongest以e 結(jié)尾的詞加-r或-stfinelatefinerlaterfinestlatest以“輔音+y” 結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加-er 或-estearlyhappyearlierhappierearliesthappiest重讀閉音節(jié)的詞末尾只有一個輔音字母先雙寫輔音字母，再加-er或-esthotthinfathotterthinnerfatterhottestthinnestfattest2 多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在其前面加more或 most。如： 原級 比較級 最高級 useful more useful most useful difficult more difficult most difficult delicious more delicious most delicious【重點】3有幾個形容詞的比較級和最高級屬于不規(guī)則變化：原級比較級最高級good / wellbetterbestbad / illworseworstmany / muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder（新舊或年齡）/elder（兄弟姐妹的長幼關(guān)系）oldest/ eldestfarfarther（表示距離，譯為“更遠”）/ further（表示程度，譯為“進一步的”）farthest/ furthest（二） 形容詞比較級的用法 1形容詞的比較級可以單獨使用： Be more careful next time. 下次小心點。 Which book is better? 哪本書更好？ 2也可以和than連用，表示兩者相比，than后可以跟：a.名詞或代詞： He is older than me / I . 他年齡比我大。b.動名詞：Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。c.從句： I was a better singer than he was. 我唱歌比他好。（三）形容詞比較級的修飾語 修飾形容詞,副詞比較級的常用修飾詞有:no, a little, a bit, much, even, still, a lot, a great deal, far, by far, rather, any等.1) 只用于修飾比較級的： much;still;even2) 既可以修飾比較級又可以修飾原級的：a little; a bit; rather 等 。3) 在這些詞中,其中no在修飾比較級時,在意義上否定兩者,表示前者在某方面不比后者強多少. He is no richer than Peter. 他不比彼得富裕多少.=He is as poor as Peter. 他和彼得一樣窮.表示前者比后者強一點時,通常采用a little,a bit等. The room is a bit larger than that one.這個房間比那個稍大一點.4) 表示前者比后者強很多時,通常采用much,even,still等.(still修飾形容詞,副詞的比較級時,可以位于比較級之前或之后.) He works still harder than ever. =He works harder still than ever.他比以往更加努力學習了.5) 表示前者在某方面遠遠地超過對方時,通常采用far,by far,a lot,a great deal等. Matters are a lot better than ever before. 情況遠遠比以往好.6) 在否定句,疑問句或條件狀語從句中,修飾形容詞,副詞的比較級,只能用any來修飾. He cant jump any higher. 他不能跳得更高了. Can he jump any higher? 他能跳得更高一些嗎? Do you feel any better today? 你今天感覺好一點了嗎？ If you can jump any higher, I will give you a prize.如果你能跳得更高些,我就獎勵你.7) 比較級前還可加其他表示數(shù)量的詞： My sister is ten years younger than me.我妹妹比我小十歲。典型例題:1）- Are you feeling _? - Yes，Im fine now.A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better答案：B. any 可修飾比較級，quite修飾原級，well的比較級為better.2）The experiment was_ easier than we had expected. A.more B.much more C. much D. more much答案：C.much可修飾比較級，因此B，C都說得通，但easier本身已是比較級，不需more，因此C為正確答案。3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much happier time答案：D。4）Your house is _ bigger than ours.A. Two timeB. Second time C. Two times D.Second times答案：D?！倦y點】（四）形容詞比較級的特殊用法1和more有關(guān)的詞組 ：1) the morethe more越就越。例如： The harder you work，the greater progress youll make. 越努力，進步越大。2) no more than 與一樣。例如： The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官員們看到的和皇帝一樣多。3） more than超過，不只是。例如： There are more than two thousand people in the hall. 2和less有關(guān)的詞組 1) less than 不到 不太： It was ready in less than a week. 2) no less than 多達 不少于 No less than 2 million people came. 至少來了2百萬人。 3) more or less 基本上 大體上 大約 The work is more or less finished. 這項工作基本上完成了。 3還有as + 形容詞或副詞原級 + as 1) A be as.as B和.一樣 2) A be not so/asas B。A和B不一樣，A比不上B He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他沒你跑得快。 3) 當as as 中間有名詞時采用以下格式：as +形容詞+ a +單數(shù)名詞/； This is as good an example as the other is. 這個例子和另外一個一樣好。as + manymuch +可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞。 I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少紙，我也能。 3) 表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時，放在as的前面。例如： This room is twice as big as that one. =This room is two time big as that one. =This room is two times bigger than that one. 這房間的面積是那間的兩倍。 Your room is the same size as mine.你的房間和我的一樣大。（五） 形容詞最高級用法1the + 最高級 + 比較范圍 1）形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞 the，例如： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。說明 形容詞most前面沒有the，不表示最高級的含義，只表示"非常"。例如：It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 這是個很重要的問題。 注意：使用最高級要注意將主語包括在比較范圍內(nèi)。（錯）Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.（對）Tom is the tallest of the three brothers. 2） 下列詞可修飾最高級，by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如：This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 這帽子差不多是最大的了。 注意：序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級。例如： Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。3） 最高級的意義有時可以用比較級表示出來。例如：Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 或者： =Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.（六）形容詞最高級的特殊用法 1. 形容詞最高級可用作表語，這時定冠詞the 可以省略。 例句：I think her plan is best. 我認為她的計劃最好。2.形容詞最高級還可和at 構(gòu)成許多短語作狀語，如 at best, at least, at most等。例句：Ill be with you at latest by ten. 我最遲十點鐘就來陪你?！净A練習】( C ) 1 Your room is _ than mine. A. three time big B. three times big C. three times bigger D. bigger three times ( C ) 2 When spring comes, it gets_. A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter ( C )3 _ he read the book, _ he got in it. A. The more; the more interesting B. The less; the more interesting C. The more; the more interested D. More; more interested ( A)4 I like_ one of the two books. A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older ( B ) 5 Which do you like _, tea or coffee? A. well B. better C. best D. most ( D ) 6 This work is _ for me than for you. A. difficult B. most difficult C. much difficult D. more difficult ( C ) 7 Who jumped_of all? A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the most far ( D ) 8 Li Lei is_ student in our class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest ( C ) 9 Tom is one of _ boys in our class. A. tallest B. taller C. the tallest B. the tall ( B ) 10 English is one of_ spoken in the world. A. the important languages B. the most important languages C. most important language D. the most important language ( D )12 Im not _ to lift the heavy box. A. short enough B. enough tall C. health enough D. strong enough ( C)13 Which is_, Li Lei or Wu Tong? A. strong B. strongest C. stronger D. the strongest ( C )14 Do you have _ to tell us? A. something new B. new something C. anything new D. new anything ( C) 15. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting _.A. more and rich B. more rich and more richC. richer and richer D. rich and rich二、副詞的比較等級和最高等級：（一） 概念：副詞和形容詞一樣，也有原級、比較級和最高級三個等級。其構(gòu)成方式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種情況。規(guī)則變化的一般規(guī)律是：單音節(jié)詞的比較級和最高級在詞尾加-er或-est; 多音節(jié)詞以及-ly結(jié)尾的副詞（early除外），前面加more或most.。不規(guī)則的變化式只能采用“各個擊破”的辦法去記憶。1）規(guī)則變化 原級 比較級 最高級 soon loud fast wide early happily carefully sooner louder faster wider earlier more happily more carefully soonest loudest fastest widest earliest most happily most carefully2）不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級wellbadlylittlemuchfarbetterworselessmorefarther（距離）further（程度）bestworstleastmostfarthestfurthest（二）副詞的比較級的用法1、單獨使用： Try to do better next time. 下次爭取干好一點。 Hell come back sooner or later. 他遲早會回來的。 Please speak more slowly. 請講慢一點。2、和than一起使用： He swims better than I do. 他游泳游得比我好。 Can you do any better than that? 你能不能干的好一些？ He arrived earlier than usual. 他到的比平時早。3、比較級前可有狀語修飾：You must work much faster. 你必須大大加快干活的速度。Can you come over a bit more quickly? 你能稍稍快點來嗎？4. asas和not soas結(jié)構(gòu)這兩個結(jié)構(gòu)也可結(jié)合副詞使用：1） asas 可用在肯定句中，表示 “像一樣”，后面的副詞要用原級： She can run as fast as a deer. 她能跑的像鹿一樣快。2）在否定句中，asas和soas都可以用： I dont go there as much as I used. 我現(xiàn)在到那里不象過去那么多了。 I didnt do as(so) well as I should. 我做的不如我應做的那么好。3）這種句子中也可以有一個表示程度的狀語： She can read twice as fast as he does. 她閱讀的速度比他快一倍。（三）副詞最高級的用法：副詞最高級可修飾動詞，前面多數(shù)不帶定冠詞the:He laughs best who laughs last. (諺語) 誰笑在最后誰笑的最好。Of the four of us, I sang (the) worst. 我們四人中我唱的最差。（四）副詞比較級和最高級的一些特殊用法：副詞比較級和最高級還可用在一些特別結(jié)構(gòu)或短語中。1）more and more 越來越: It rained more and more heavily. 雨下得越來越大了。 She went farther and farther away. 她越走越遠了。2）the morethe more 越，越： The more I work, the more I accomplish. 我干得越多，完成的就越多。3）had better (not) do sth最好(不要)做某事：Wed better not disturb him. 我們最好不要打擾他。What had we better do? 我們最好怎么辦？