PETS3單元現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)總結(jié).doc

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+ have/has + P.P. 助動(dòng)詞 過(guò)去分詞一表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。(1) He has learned English for about seven years.(2) They have lived in Beijing for ten years.since ten years ago. since they came here. (3) My uncle has taught in that school for ten years. since 2003.對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)：How long has your uncle taught in that school? (4) A: How long has your father worked in that company?B: He has worked there for twenty years. since 1993. since he left the army.注意： 一次性動(dòng)詞可以有完成時(shí)，但不能與for或since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 要想和一段時(shí)間連用，需要把一次性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。comebe here go/leavebe away borrowkeep buyhave joinbe in/be a member of get to knowknow begin/startbe on diebe dead openbe open closebe closedIve bought the pen. (1) Ive bought the pen for about two years. Ive had the pen for about two years. (2) He has joined the Youth League. He has joined the Youth League for about two years. He has been a league member for about two years. (3) Ive come to this school for about two years. Ive been in this school for about two years. (4) Ive got to known him for about two years. Ive known him for about two years. 注意：否定句例外(5) A: Hello! I havent seen you for a long time. How are you? 一次性動(dòng)詞 for + 一段時(shí)間B: Im fine, thank you, and you?A: Im fine, too. Thanks.二表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。(1) I have just (或already) posted the packet. 我已經(jīng)把包裹郵寄了。 (“郵寄”這個(gè)動(dòng)作是過(guò)去發(fā)生的，也許是昨天寄去的，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是“包裹不在我這里，或不久對(duì)方就能收到包裹了”。)區(qū)別：I posted the packet yesterday. 我昨天郵寄的包裹。（ 此句有明顯的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。因此需用過(guò)去時(shí)，只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，不考慮影響。）(2) A: Have you seen the film? B: Yes, I have. A: When and where did your see it? B: I saw it at Ying le Cinema last night.(3) A: Have you bought an English-Chinese dictionary? B: Yes, I have. A: When did you buy it? B: I bought it last week.(4) A: Has the plane arrived? B: Yes, it has. A: When did it arrive? B: Half an hour ago. (影響和結(jié)果是：You had hoped to meet sb. at the airport, but you were too late. You missed meeting sb.)三三種句型（1）句型一表示“曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某地” 要用“ have/has been to 某地”這種句型不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，但是可以與“次數(shù)”連用。 A: Have you ever been to the Great Wall? Beijing? England? B: No, never. What about you? A: Yes, I have. B: How many times have you been there? A: Only once.(twice, three times) （2）句型二表示“到某地去了” 要用 “have/has gone to某地”這種句型的特點(diǎn)是： 主語(yǔ)必須是第三人稱(chēng)，單復(fù)數(shù)均可。A對(duì)B說(shuō)，或B對(duì)A說(shuō)某人C或某些人C到哪里去了，現(xiàn)在不在此地。 不能與“表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)”連用，也不能與“次數(shù)”連用。 A: Wheres Wei Fang? B: She has gone to the shop. the post office. the playground. A: Please tell her to come to the teachers office as soon as she comes back. B: All right. Ill do that. 比較下面兩組句子 Where has he been? 他剛才到哪里去了？(他已經(jīng)回來(lái)了) Where has he gone? 他上哪兒去了？（他現(xiàn)在不在這兒） She has been to Shanghai. 她去過(guò)上海。(她現(xiàn)在不在上海) She has gone to Shanghai. 她到上海去了。( 她現(xiàn)在可能在去上海的路上或已到達(dá)上海，總之不在這兒。) （3）句型三have/has been in China (大地方用in) + for+一段時(shí)間 at this school (小地方用at) since+過(guò)去的點(diǎn)時(shí)間 here (副詞) there (副詞) away (副詞) a student (名詞)這種句型表示“某種狀態(tài)已經(jīng)存在多久”，可以與“表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)”連用，（即可用How long提問(wèn)），但不能與“次數(shù)”連用。 The foreign friend has been in China for five years.對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)：How long has the foreign friend been in China? I have been at this school for ten years. since 2003.對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)：How long have you been at this school? He has been here (there, away) for three years. How long has he been a league member? Mary has been in China for two years now and is doing well. 小結(jié)：1. 他去過(guò)北京（一次，兩次）。 He has been to Beijing(once, twice). 2. 他去北京了。 He has gone to Beijing. 3. 他去北京5天了。 He has been in Beijing for 5 days.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)一 單項(xiàng)選擇：( ) 1. Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _ what happened to him. A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know( ) 2. He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? A. already B. never C. ever D. still( ) 3. Have you met Mr. Li _ ？ A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago( ) 4. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written( ) 5. Our country _ a lot so far. Yes , I hope it will be even _ . A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good C. has changed ; better D. changed ; better( ) 6. Zhao Lan _ already _ in this school for two years . A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying( ) 7. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew( ) 8. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I _ it twice . A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see( ) 9. These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone ( ) 10. _ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished C. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish( ) 11. His father _ the Party since 1978 . A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in( ) 12.Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made( ) 13.How long have you _ here ? About two months . A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived( ) 14. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began( ) 15. It _ ten years since he left the army . A. is B. has C. will D. was( ) 16. Miss Green isnt in the office . she _ to the library . A. has gone B. went C. will go D. has been( ) 17. My parents _ Shandong for ten years. A. have been in B. have been toC. have gone to D. have been( ) 18.The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they( ) 19. _ has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since _ he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived ( ) 20. His uncle _ for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university二 句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. He has never surfed (沖浪), ?（改成反意疑問(wèn)句） 2. They have been here since 2000. (對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)) have they been here?3. The old man last year. He_ _ _ for a year. (die)（動(dòng)詞填空）4. This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) This factory _ for twenty years.5. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour.6. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7. The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) _ _ two years _ the Green family moved to France.8. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子) _ 三. 漢譯英：1. 吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。2. 他昨天收到一封信。3. 我父親以前到過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。4. 她還沒(méi)有看過(guò)那部新電影。5. 她去過(guò)上海。6. 他這些天上哪兒去了？20062010年全國(guó)中考題現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)部分( ) 1. My brother left school in 2005, and since then he _ in Beijing. A. lives B. lived C. will live D. has lived( ) 2. Helen loves to talk about travel. She _ many places. A. has gone to B. has been to C. has gone for D. has been from( ) 3. Hows Annie? I _ her for a long time. A. dont see B. wont see C. didnt see D. havent seen( ) 4. Jack, I havent seen your brother for a long time.He _ Shanghai on business for two months. A. went to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has been to( ) 5. Tom and Jim _ friends since they met each other for the first time five years ago. A. were B. have become C. have made D. have been ( ) 6. Would you like to go and see Avatar with me tonight? Thank you very much, but I _ it already. A. see B. will see C. have seen D. am seeing ( ) 7. The Harry Potter books _ pretty popular since they were published. A. become B. will become C. have become D. are becoming( ) 8. Henry speaks Chinese very well. He _ in China since 2002. A. stays B. stayed C. is staying D. has stayed( ) 9. Who s won the first prize in the competition? Henry _ . He has _ it for a week. A. is ; won B. is ;got C. has ;had D. has; been given ( ) 10. How clean the bedroom is! Yes, I am sure that someone _ it. A. cleans B. cleaned C. has cleaned D. had cleaned ( ) 11. Prison Break is the best American TV play that I _ these years. A. watch B. will watch C. have watched D. was watching ( ) 12. Im sorry you _ the wonderful football game. It was just over. A. have lost B. have missed C. are missing D. will lose ( ) 13. How do you like the song Two Butterflies? Great! I _ such a beautiful song before. A. dont hear B. never hear C. have never heard D. has never heard ( ) 14. How long have you _ ? A. borrowed the book B. bought the bike C. been back D. received the letter ( ) 15. Wangpei _ his homework and now he is watching TV. A. has finished B. finishes C. is finishing D. finished ( ) 16. My uncle _ Shanghai since he went there in childhood. A. went to B. has been to C. has been in D. has gone to ( ) 17. How long have you _ the book? For several weeks. A. bought B. borrowed C. lent D. had ( ) 18. How is the weather in your country this summer? It _ as much as it does now for a long time. A. hasnt rained B. doesnt rain C. wasnt raining D. didnt rain ( ) 19. I left my pen on the desk and now its gone; who _ it? A. took B. has taken C. will take D. had taken ( ) 20. Help! Wang Qiang _ an accident. A. was having B. had had C. has had D. will have( ) 21. My father _ on business for two weeks. Hell return in 3 days. A. left B. has left C. has gone D. has been away ( ) 22. You speak English so well, Daming. Thank you . I _ it for almost there years. A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. am learning ( ) 23. You dont have to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet ( ) 24. I _ this book for two weeks. I have to return it now. A. borrow B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept ( ) 25. Lucy, _ you _ your ticket? Not yet. A. did; find B. have: found C. has; found D. do; find過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)：即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ) + had + p.p. 助動(dòng)詞 過(guò)去分詞如：（）We had reached the station before ten oclock.（）The film had already begun when I got to the cinema.（）Wei Fang had checked TV before his brother returned.（）He had worked in the south for 5 years before he moved here.（）How many English film had you seen by the end of last term?過(guò)去完成時(shí)練習(xí)一 單項(xiàng)選擇：( ) 1He asked me _ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone ( ) 2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was seven?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done( ) 3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten.A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt( ) 4. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked( ) 5. She said she _ the principle（紀(jì)律）alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen( ) 6. She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war.A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with( ) 7. By the time he was ten years old, he _.A. has completed university B. has completed the universityC. had completed a university D. had completed university( ) 8. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A. had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. ( ) 9 .He _ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work( )10. By the end of last week, they _ the bridge.A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed ( )11. By the time he was 4, he _ a lot of German words.A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns ( )12. The students _ their classroom when the visitors arrived.A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned 二. 用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1. We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move) in.2. That rich old man _ (make) a will before he _ (die).3. They _ (study) the map of the country before they _ (leave).4. The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen _ (arrive).5. I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (go) to bed.6. Tom _ (say) he _ (read) the book twice.7. When I _ (arrive) at the station, he _ (leave).8. We _ (learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.9. We were surprised at what she _ already _ (do)10. She told me she _ (be) to Sanya three times現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)答案一單項(xiàng)選擇：1B現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，重點(diǎn)在于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是B。2B現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來(lái)，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。故選B。3C4C現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與recently（近來(lái)），so far（到目前為止），in the past/last +一段時(shí)間等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。因?yàn)樯鲜龆陶Z(yǔ)表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時(shí)間，句中的動(dòng)作是從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或時(shí)刻開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故選D。5C6C現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)常與“for +時(shí)間段或since +過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)”連用（含從句，從句過(guò)去時(shí)）。故選C。7C8 B現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還與once（一次），twice（兩次），three times（三次），several times（幾次）等表示重復(fù)次數(shù)的詞語(yǔ)連用。故選B。9B現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)容易混淆，就是因?yàn)樗鼈兯硎镜膭?dòng)作都發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但二者又有區(qū)別：一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話(huà)的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于陳述一件過(guò)去的事情，與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，它不與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）連用。故選B。10B11D現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與for和since引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，通常是用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)代替。故選D。12B 13. A 14. C 15.A16. “have/has gone to+地點(diǎn)”表示“某人去了某地（還未回來(lái)）”，指主語(yǔ)所指的人不在這兒?！癶ave/has been in+地點(diǎn)”表示“在某地呆了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用?！癶ave/has been to+地點(diǎn)”表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地（但現(xiàn)在已不在那兒）”。故選A。17. A 18. D 19. C 20. C二.句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. has he? 2.How long 3.died, has been dead 4. has been open 5. has been away for 6.joined；ago7. It is, since 8.The bus has been here for ten minutes.三、漢譯英：1. Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now.2. He received a letter yesterday.3. My father has been to the Great Wall before.4. She hasnt seen the new film yet.5. She has been to Shanghai.6. Where has he been these days？20062010年全國(guó)中考題現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)部分練習(xí)答案1.D 2.B 3.D 4. D 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.C 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.C 17.D 18.A 19.B 20.C 21.D 22.C 23.B 24. D 25.B過(guò)去完成時(shí)練習(xí)答案一單項(xiàng)選擇： 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. D 11. A 12. B二用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空： 1had painted; moved 2. had made; died 3.had studied; left 4. had run away; arrived 5. had turned off; went 6. said; had read 7. arrived; had left 8. had learned/learnt 9. had done 10. had been