2018年中考英語(yǔ)真題分類(lèi)匯編 題型3 閱讀理解 專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練二 教育故事（含解析）

時(shí)間：810分鐘/篇分值：2分/小題Passage 1(2018隨州)Years ago, I lived in a building in a large city.The building next door was only a few feet away from mine.There was a woman who lived there, whom I had never met, yet I could see her seated by her window each afternoon, sewing or reading.After several months had gone by, I began to notice that her window was dirty.Everything was unclear through the dirty window.I would say to myself，“I wonder why that woman doesn't wash her window.It really looks terrible.”O(jiān)ne bright morning I decided to clean my flat, including washing the window on the inside.Late in the afternoon when I finished the cleaning, I sat down by the window with a cup of coffee for a rest. What a surprise! The woman sitting by her window was clearly seen.Her window was clean!Then I began to understand it.I had been criticizing(批評(píng))her dirty window，but all the time I was watching hers through my own dirty window.That was quite an important lesson for me.How often had I looked at and criticized others through the dirty window of my heart, through my own shortcomings(缺點(diǎn))?From then on, whenever I want to judge(判斷)someone, I ask myself first，“Am I looking at him through my own dirty window？” Then I try to clean the window of my own world so that I may see others' world more clearly.()1. The writer couldn't see everything clearly through the window because_A. the woman's window was dirtyB. his window was dirtyC. the woman lived far awayD. the writer was nearsighted(近視的)()2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Both the woman and the writer lived in a small town.B. The writer often cleaned the window.C. Both the woman and the writer worked as cleaners.D. The writer never met the woman.()3. From the passage, we can learn that_A. one shouldn't criticize others very oftenB. one should often keep his window cleanC. one should judge himself before he judges othersD. one should look at others through his dirty windowPassage 2(2018巴中)“Everything happens for the best.” Whenever I faced disappointment, my mother would say this to me.After I graduated from college in 2002, I decided to find a job in radio as a sports announcer(播音員). I went to Chicago and knocked at the door of every station. But unluckily, I was refused every time.At one station, a kind lady told me that big stations wouldn't hire(雇傭) an inexperienced person and suggested that I try my luck at smaller stations. Following her advice, I went back to Dixon. There were no radio­announcing jobs in Dixon, and my father said a newly­opened store wanted a local sportsman to work for it. I applied for(申請(qǐng)) the job, but I was refused again.“Everything happens for the best，”Mom reminded me. I tried WOC Radio in Davenport, Iowa. The program director, Peter, told me they had already hired an announcer.I left his office, and felt totally disappointed. While I was waiting for the elevator, I heard someone calling. It was Peter. “What do you know about sports? Do you know anything about football？” Then he asked me to broadcast(播報(bào)) an imaginary game. Pleased with my performance, he offered me a chance to work there.On my way home, I thought of my mother's words, “If you carry on, one day something good will happen. Something wouldn't have happened if not for that previous(先前的) disappointment.”()1. After graduating from college, the writer_A. found a job in a radio stationB. couldn't find a job as a sports announcerC. was already experienced()2. _ first offered the writer a chance to work as an announcer.A. A kind ladyB. A program directorC. Her mother()3. What can we learn from the passage?A. A kind lady offered the writer a job at first.B. The writer's parents were disappointed at her.C. Big stations usually hire experienced people.()4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. The writer learned a lot from what her mother said.B. There was a radio­announcing job at college.C. The writer didn't want to be a sports announcer at all.()5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Something happens because of the disappointment.B. You can find a job without any experience.C. Everything happens for the best. Passage 3(2018青島)“I will think of it.” It is easy to say this, but do you know what great things have come from thinking? Sir Isaac Newton was sitting in his garden when he saw an apple fall from a tree. He began to think and tried to find out why the apple fell. Then he discovered how the sun, moon, and stars are kept in their places.A boy named James Watt sat quietly by the fire, watching the lid of the kettle move up and down. He wanted to find out why the steam in the kettle moved the lid. From that time he went on thinking and thinking. And when he became a man, he improved the steam engine(蒸汽機(jī)) so much that it could easily do the work of many horses. James Ferguson was a poor boy. Once, seeing the inside of a watch, he wondered. “Why should I not make a watch？” But how could he get the materials to make the mainspring(鐘表的主發(fā)條)? He soon found he could make it with whalebone(鯨骨). He then made a wooden clock which kept good time. His motto(座右銘) was “I will think of it.” And he made his thoughts useful to himself and the world. Boys and girls, when you have a difficult lesson to learn, don't lose heart, and don't ask someone for help before helping yourselves. Think, and by thinking you will learn how to think to some purpose.()1.From the passage, we know that some great things come from _A. listeningB. readingC. speakingD. thinking()2.The idea of Isaac Newton's discovery was from _A. the falling of an apple B. the cleaning of a gardenC. the falling of a tree D. the moving of a lid()3.The achievement of James Watt was that he _A. kept thinking B. found the steam in the kettleC. improved the steam engine much D. watched the lid move up and down ()4.The right order of the following sentences is _ James Ferguson made a wooden clock. James Ferguson saw the inside of a watch. James Ferguson made the mainspring with whalebone.A. B. C. D. ()5.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Learn to ask for help.B. A difficult lesson to learn.C. It is easy to say “I will think of it.”D. Think, and by thinking you will learn how to think to some purpose. Passage 4(2018東營(yíng))A gentleman once advertised(登廣告) for a boy to help him in his office, and nearly fifty persons asked for the place. Out of the whole number he in a short time chose one, and sent all the other boys away.“I should like to know，” said a friend，“on what ground you chose that boy. He didn't even have a recommendation(推薦信) with him.”“You are mistaken，” said the gentleman，“he had a great many：“He made his shoes clean when he came in, and closed the door after him; showing that he was orderly(井然有序的)“He gave his seat to the disabled old man; showing that he was _“He took off his cap when he came in, and answered my questions quickly and respectfully(恭敬地); showing that he was polite.“He lifted up the book which I had purposely(故意地)laid on the floor, and put it on the table, while all the others stepped over it or pushed it aside; showing that he was careful.“And he waited quietly for his turn, instead of pushing the others aside; showing that he was modest(謙遜的)“When I talked with him, I noticed that his clothes were carefully brushed, his hair in nice order, and his teeth as white as milk. When he wrote his name, I noticed that his fingernails were clean; instead of having some untidy personal habits.“Don't you call these things letters of recommendation? I do; and the things that I can discover a boy by using my eyes for ten minutes, is worth more than all the fine letters that he can bring.”()1. Choose the right word to complete the sentence in paragraph 5 according to the context(上下文)A. kind B. smart C. lovely D. healthy()2. How did the gentleman know the boy was polite?A. He made his shoes clean when he came in.B. He took off his cap when he came in.C. He waited quietly for his turn.D. His teeth and fingernails were clean.()3. The gentleman laid the book on the floor because_A. he used to be like thisB. he wanted to know who was orderlyC. he tried to know who had tidy personal habitsD. he wanted to test the people who asked for the job()4. How many reasons made the gentleman choose that boy?A. Five. B. Six. C. Seven. D. Eight.()5. What can you learn from this passage?A. The gentleman is a wise man.B. All gentlemen can choose the right person by using their eyes.C. Good behaviors(行為) and good habits are important for a person.D. One should pay more attention to his recommendation than to his behaviors.Passage 5(2018懷化) In 1959, when Jean Harper was in the third grade, her teacher asked the class to write a report on what they wanted to be when they grew up. Jean's father was a crop duster(農(nóng)作物噴粉作業(yè)) pilot on a farm, so Jean was very interested in planes and flying. She wrote about her dream to become an airline pilot.Her paper came back with an “F” on it. The teacher told her this was a “fairy tale(童話)，” and it wasn't a job for a woman.Jean experienced years of hurt and fear because of this discouragement(氣餒) until she met her English teacher Mrs. Dorothy Slaton in senior high school.Mrs. Slaton said to Jean's class, “You have the abilities and talents. If you don't go after(追求) your dreams after you leave school, no one will do it for you.”Jean felt a rush of her old enthusiasm(熱情), and with excitement, she told Mrs. Slaton all about her old dreams. The teacher said, “Then do it！”So Jean did. It took her 10 years of hard work. But in 1978, she became one of the first three women pilot trainers ever accepted by United Airlines(航空公司) and one of only 50 women airline pilot in the country at the time. Some years later, Jean Harper became a Boeing 737 captain(機(jī)長(zhǎng)) for United Airline.()1. When Jean was young, her dream was _A. to be a crop duster pilotB. to fix planesC. to be an airline pilot()2. Jean spent_ years in becoming an airline pilot.A. fifteen B. thirteen C. ten()3. What did Mrs. Slaton mean when she talked to the class?A. Everyone should go after his or her dream.B. Everyone should have a dream after they leave school.C. Everyone should do good things to help people's dreams.()4. What can we learn from this story?A. A woman can not be a pilot.B. If you have a dream, work hard for it.C. Jean's dream didn't come true at last. Passage 6(2018自貢)When I was about twelve years old, a girl in my class liked to point out my shortcomings. She said I was very thin; I wasn't good at math; I talked too much; I was too proud, and so on. At last, I became very angry. I ran to my father with tears in my eyes. He listened to me quietly, and asked, “Are those things true or not? Jane, didn't you ever think about what you're really like？” Then he added, “Well, you have that girl's opinions. Make a list of everything she said and mark the points that are true.”I did as he told me. To my great surprise, I found out that about half the things were true. Some of them I couldn't change, like being very thin, but many I could and suddenly I wanted to change. For the first time I got a clear picture of myself. I brought the list back to Daddy, and he said, “Now you know better about yourself. But you have to learn to listen, not just close your ears angrily and feel hurt. When something said about you is true, you'll find it will be of great help to you. Don't shut your ears. Listen to the truth and do what you know is the right thing to do.”Daddy's advice has returned to me at many important moments. In my life, I've never had a better piece of advice.()1. How old was Jane when a girl in her class pointed out her shortcomings?A. About 10. B. About 12. C. About 14. ()2. Which thing did Jane think she couldn't change?A. She was very thin.B. She wasn't good at math.C. She talked too much.()3. Who changed the writer's opinion?A. Father. B. Mother. C. Sister.()4. What did Jane's father really mean by saying “Make a list of everything.”？A. To listen to her classmate's opinions.B. To find out what is right and what is wrong.C. To know herself better and improve herself.()5. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A. My Father. B. The Best Advice. C. My Life. Passage 7(2018大連)At my primary school, I was one of the smartest kids there. I never studied, but always got perfect scores. I thought I was born clever. At least I believed so. I was also a_prodigy in music according to myself. I could sing better than almost everyone else in my school. I was pretty sure that once I got to sixth grade, everyone would be surprised by me.But actually, they weren't.When I arrived at my new class, I couldn't wait to show everyone what I could do. However, there was always someone else who could do them better. My grades began to suffer. More talented(有天資的) girls often sang solo(獨(dú)唱). I believed I wasn't smart. I believed I wasn't talented. I believed I was a failure.Over the next two years, I had to work very hard. Every prize for the singing competition was given to me for hard work and effort. Grades were still very low but improving little by little. I worked really hard. However, I was never the best at everything.I haven't realized until recently that I really don't have to be the best at everything. I was too hard on myself. In fact, when I did badly in a test, my classmates never laughed at me.No one is perfect. There will probably always be someone better than me at something. Anyway, there are about seven billion people in this world. I will never be the number one at everything, and that's really okay.()1. What does “a prodigy” probably mean in English?A. A smart kid. B. A crazy fan.C. A common child. D. A lazy girl.()2. When the writer was at the new class, _A. she lost her interest in music B. she had difficulty in learningC. she surprised everyone in solos D. she got separated from friends()3. What happened to the writer during the next two years?A. She won many prizes without any effort.B. She found the best way to become perfect.C. She gave up trying because of the low scores.D. She failed to be perfect though she worked hard.()4. What has the writer realized recently?A. There is no success without effort.B. Being talented is the key to success.C. Don't expect too much of yourself.D. It's not necessary to care about the result.()5. Which would be the best title for this passage?A. When I wasn't perfect B. My past life as a young girlC. Hard work doesn't work D. What to do when you're not perfect9專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練二 教育故事Passage 1【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。作者一直批評(píng)別人的窗戶臟，卻沒(méi)有意識(shí)到其實(shí)是自己的窗戶臟了。文章告訴我們：不要隨意地評(píng)判別人，要先審視自己。1. B 2. D 3. CPassage 2【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了作者大學(xué)畢業(yè)后因?yàn)闆](méi)有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，在找工作過(guò)程中屢屢受挫，后來(lái)在母親的鼓勵(lì)下終于找到了一份理想的工作。這個(gè)故事告訴我們：只要你堅(jiān)持不懈，不輕言放棄，好運(yùn)終將會(huì)與你相伴。1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. CPassage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要通過(guò)牛頓發(fā)現(xiàn)蘋(píng)果落地的原因、瓦特改良蒸汽機(jī)和弗格森制作木頭鐘表的故事論證了思考對(duì)于我們發(fā)明創(chuàng)造的重要意義。1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. DPassage 4【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了一位紳士從行為細(xì)節(jié)之處判斷，并挑選出優(yōu)秀的應(yīng)聘者的故事。1. A 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. CPassage 5【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。主要介紹了Jean Harper在英語(yǔ)老師的鼓勵(lì)下，通過(guò)10年的努力奮斗終于實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己要成為飛行員的夢(mèng)想。她的經(jīng)歷告訴我們：有夢(mèng)想就要堅(jiān)持，并努力為之奮斗。1. C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：當(dāng)Jean還小的時(shí)候，她的夢(mèng)想是。由文章第二段最后一句“She wrote about her dream to become an airline pilot.”可知Jean的夢(mèng)想是成為一名飛行員。故選C。2. C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：Jean花費(fèi)了年成為了一名航空公司飛行員。由文章第七段第二句“It took her 10 years of hard work.”可知經(jīng)過(guò)10年的努力，Jean成為了一名飛行員。故選C。3. A【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：當(dāng)Slaton老師對(duì)學(xué)生講話時(shí)，她的意思是什么？由文章第五段最后一句“If you don't go after(追求) your dreams after you leave school, no one will do it for you.”可知有了夢(mèng)想如果不去追求，沒(méi)有人會(huì)為你去追求。Slaton老師的意思是告訴學(xué)生們有了夢(mèng)想一定要去追求。故選A。4. B【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：從這個(gè)故事中我們能夠?qū)W到什么？從Jean成功的經(jīng)歷來(lái)看，人們有了夢(mèng)想之后，一定要努力奮斗。故選B。Passage 6【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了作者的一名女同學(xué)喜歡指出她的缺點(diǎn)，作者為此生氣。在父親有意識(shí)的開(kāi)導(dǎo)建議下，作者認(rèn)識(shí)了真正的自己，從而改正了自己的缺點(diǎn)。最后作者認(rèn)為：爸爸在很多重要的時(shí)刻改變了她，爸爸的建議是她聽(tīng)過(guò)的最好的建議。1. B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)班級(jí)里的一個(gè)女孩兒指出她的缺點(diǎn)時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)多大？根據(jù)文中第一段第一句“When I was about twelve years old.”可知選B。2. A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：哪一件事情是簡(jiǎn)認(rèn)為她不能改變的？根據(jù)第二段第三句“Some of them I couldn't change, like being very thin.”可知選A。3. A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：誰(shuí)改變了作者的觀點(diǎn)？根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Daddy's advice has returned to me at many important moments.”可推斷是爸爸改變了作者的想法，故選A。4. C【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：簡(jiǎn)的爸爸說(shuō)“Make a list of everything .”的真實(shí)意思是什么？根據(jù)第二段最后一句“For the first time I got a clear picture of myself.”以及第三段中的“. he said, Now you know better about yourself.”可知選C。5. B【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。題干意為：下面哪一個(gè)是這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題？根據(jù)最后一段第二句“In my life, I've never had a better piece of advice.”可推斷出文章的最佳標(biāo)題與建議相關(guān)。故選B。Passage 7【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了作者進(jìn)入新的班級(jí)以后，盡管非常努力，但還是沒(méi)能做到最好。直到有一天她明白了其實(shí)不用對(duì)自己期望太高，世界上總有比自己優(yōu)秀的人。1. A【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。題干意為：“a prodigy”在英語(yǔ)中的意思可能是什么？根據(jù)第一段第一句“At my primary school, I was one of the smartest kids there.”以及本段倒數(shù)第二句“I could sing better than almost everyone else in my school.”可知在作者自己看來(lái)，她在音樂(lè)方面也是一個(gè)很有天賦的孩子。故選A。2. B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：當(dāng)作者到了新的班級(jí)中，。根據(jù)第三段第三句“My grades began to suffer.”和本段最后一句“I believed I was a failure.”可知，作者在學(xué)習(xí)上遇到了困難。故選B。3. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：在接下來(lái)的兩年中作者發(fā)生了什么事情？根據(jù)第四段最后兩句“I worked really hard. However, I was never the best at everything.”可知，盡管作者很努力，她也沒(méi)有做到完美。故選D。4. C【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：作者最近明白了什么？根據(jù)第五段第一句“I haven't realized until recently that I really don't have to be the best at everything.”可知，作者明白了不要對(duì)自己期望太高。故選C。5. A【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。題干意為：這篇短文的最好的標(biāo)題是什么？本文的關(guān)鍵詞就是“not perfect”，而且作者寫(xiě)的是自己過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷。故選A。