新概念英語第二冊筆記 第57課

Lesson 57 Can I help you, madam? 你要買什么夫人【Text】A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop. Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window. The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time. With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. As soon as she saw it, the woman said she did not like it. She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.【課文翻譯】一位穿著牛仔褲的婦女站在一家高檔商店的櫥窗前. 她雖然猶豫了片刻, 但終于還是走進了商店, 要求把陳列在櫥窗里的一件衣服拿給她看. 接待她的售貨員不喜歡她的那副打扮, 輕蔑地看了她一眼后, 便告訴她那件衣服已經賣出去了. 這位婦女怒氣沖沖地走出了商店, 決定第二天教訓一下那個售貨員. 第二天上午, 她又來到這家商店, 穿了一件裘皮大衣, 一只手拎著一只手提包, 另一只手拿著一把長柄傘. 找到那個無禮的售貨員后, 她還要看昨天的那件衣服. 那個售貨員沒有認出她是誰, 這一回接待她的態(tài)度非常殷勤. 費了好大勁幾, 他爬進櫥窗去取那件衣服. 這位婦女對那件衣服只看一眼, 就說不喜歡. 她開心地迫使那位售貨員把櫥窗里幾乎所有的東西都拿了出來, 最后才買下了她最先要看的那一件. 【New words and expressions】 madam n. （對婦女的尊稱）太太，夫人jeans n. 牛仔褲hesitate v. 猶豫，遲緩serve v. 接待（顧客）scornfully adv. 輕蔑地punish v. 懲罰fur n. 裘皮eager adj. 熱切的，熱情的一 單詞講解： madam n. (對婦女的尊稱)太太; 夫人Eg: Doctor: Well, madam, have you taken his temperature? 醫(yī)生：嗯，太太，你給他量過體溫了嗎？ jeans n. 牛仔褲trousers 5traJzEz n.褲子, 長褲 pants pAnts n.褲子, 短褲Eg: I quickly stripped my jeans off myself.   我飛快地把我的牛仔褲脫掉  hesitate v. 猶豫, 遲疑hesitate to do sth. 猶豫做make up one's mind 下決心做hesitation 7hezi5teiFEn n. 猶豫, 躊躇without hesitation 毫不猶豫 Without hesitation he refused my request. serve v. 接待(顧客) vt.&vi. 幫傭，當仆人，給干活serve sb. 為某人而服務 Mary served (in) the family as a cook for more than ten years.vt.&vi. 服務；服役；供職She served the firm as a secretary for two years.Have you ever served in the army? vt.&vi. 接待（顧客）The assistant was eager to serve her this time.Tom served in a restaurant when he was 18.service 5sE:vis n. 服務, 服務性工作, 服役, 儀式；vt. 保養(yǎng), 維修 adj.(軍隊)服現(xiàn)役的, 服務性的, 仆人的, 耐用的At your service. 樂于為您效勞。scornfully adv. 輕蔑地look down upon/on 看不起，瞧不起He looks down on me. punish v. 懲罰punishment n. 懲罰 capital punishment 極刑 fur n. 裘皮mink n. 貂皮 eager adj. 熱切的, 熱情的be eager to do sth. 急于做某事二 Key structures：用于表示地點和位置的介詞和副詞in, at和off;用于描寫人的介詞in和with在第9課的語法中，我們學習了引導時間狀語的介詞in, on, at, during, till和until;在第33課的語法中，我們學習了表示方向和目的地的介詞和副詞，如on, off, from, to, towards, in, into, out of, at, under, over等。（1）在表示地點和位置時，說話人的個人角度會影響對介詞的選擇。at通常用于表示居住地點和某個停留地點、工作地點等，而in則表示里面或包圍的含義：I stopped at London on the way to New York.去紐約的途中我曾在倫敦停留。（倫敦是途中的一個點）I live in London.我住在倫敦。（倫敦"包圍著"他）We met at the cinema this afternoon. He waited for me near the ticket office.我們今天下午在電影院見了面。他在售票處附近等我。We swam in the river while Jane sat in the car.我們在河里游泳時簡坐在汽車里。（2）off常與動詞連用，表示位置的變化，即"與分離"，可譯為"脫掉"、"脫落"等，其反義詞為on:The handle of my suitcase has come off. 我手提箱的提手掉下來了。He took the cup off the shelf. 他把杯子從架上拿了下來。（3）描寫人時，in通常用于表示穿著，with則表示身上的某個具體特征或隨身帶著什么：Yesterday she was (dressed) in jeans. Today she is (dressed) in a fur coat.昨天她穿著牛仔褲。今天她穿了一件裘皮大衣。John looks very handsome in that uniform, doesn't he? 約翰穿那套制服時看上去非常英俊，是不是？He looks handsome in anything!他穿任何衣服看上去都很英?。he man with a beard over there is Sam. 那邊那個留著胡子的人是薩姆。The police say the woman they're looking for has a red handbag/red hair.警方說他們正在尋找的那位婦女有一個紅色的手提包/一頭紅發(fā)。There's a woman with a red handbag/red hair over there! 那邊就有一位帶著紅色手提包/長著一頭紅發(fā)的婦女！A child came along with a brown dog.一位帶著一條棕色的狗的小孩走了過來。2make與let這兩個動詞后面都跟不帶to的不定式，但意義和用法上有區(qū)別。（1）make+名詞/代詞+不帶to的不定式表示"迫使"、"致使"：That beard makes you look much older than you really are.您的胡須使您看上去比您的實際年齡大得多。What made him change his mind?是什么使他改變了主意？She made the assistant bring almost everything in the window.她迫使那位售貨員把櫥窗里幾乎所有的東西都拿了出來。在被動語態(tài)中含有上述意義的make后面必須帶to:He was made to work fourteen hours a day.他被迫一天工作14小時。He was made to change his mind.他被迫改變了主意。（2）let有兩種用法，一是用于祈使句，建議包括說話者在內的人采取某一行動：Let's not waste any more time.我們別再浪費時間了。Let's take a taxi.我們坐出租車吧。其否定形式除Let's not外也可以用Don't let's:Don't let's waste any more time.我們別再浪費時間了。這種祈使句中的let相當于助動詞。let的第2種用法是表示"允許"，其結構與make相同，即 let+名詞/代詞+不帶to的不定式。如果賓語是us,則不能縮寫成let's:Please let us have more time, will you? 請多給我們一點時間好嗎？I won't let you ride my bicycle. 我不讓你騎我的自行車。Let him speak. 讓他說話。let后面可以跟一個被動的、不帶to的不定式：He let it be known that the house was his.他讓大家知道那房子是他的。但是let一般不用于被動意義來表示"被允許"，這時可用allow:They didn't let us speak.他們沒有讓我們講話。We were not allowed to speak.我們沒有被允許講話。三 課文講解：1、A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop.一位穿著牛仔褲的婦女站在一家高檔商店的櫥窗前.Stand 忍受I can't stand bad manners.Lily can't stand working in an office.I can't stand people smoking around me when I'm eating.at the window 在櫥窗旁邊 at the table ( he sat at the table )do window shopping (表示在櫥窗外面購物)a woman in jeans 一個穿牛仔褲的婦女2、Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window.她雖然猶豫了片刻, 但終于還是走進了商店, 要求把陳列在櫥窗里的一件衣服拿給她看ask to do sth. 請求做某事see a doctorsee a filmsee sb. off 為某人送行see eye to eye 完全同意3、The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.接待她的售貨員不喜歡她的那副打扮 dress sb. 給某人穿衣服Mother is dressing her baby.I dress myself.自己給自己穿衣服（反身代詞是不能做主語的,故 I am dressed.）dress表示“穿著，打扮”時常用被動語態(tài)be dressed inShe is dressed in jeans.Why is your aunt dressed in black?the way 可以直接加定語從句, 不需要引導詞I dont like the way she eats. 我不喜歡她吃飯的樣子The way she eats annoyed me. 她吃飯的樣子讓我煩I cooked in the way you taught me.I like the way you did. 我喜歡你做的方式4. Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold.輕蔑地看了她一眼后, 便告訴她那件衣服已經賣出去了.Glancing at her scornfully 現(xiàn)在分詞短語表伴隨狀態(tài)be sold 被售出5.The woman walkded out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day.這位婦女怒氣沖沖地走出了商店, 決定第二天教訓一下那個售貨員. punish the assistant教訓這個售貨員6. She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.第二天上午, 她又來到這家商店, 穿了一件裘皮大衣, 一只手拎著一只手提包, 另一只手拿著一把長柄傘.with sth. in hand手上拿著（with+名詞(或代詞)+介詞短語）He went to the theatre with a book in one hand.他手上拿著一本書去了電影院She came in , with a book in her hand .她進來了，手里拿著一本書。the following morning 相當于 the next morning 第二天早上the following day 相當于 the next day 第二天 dressed in a fur coat 穿著裘皮大衣。dressed in是過去分詞短語作伴隨狀語 in one handin the other 一只手里另一只手里on the one handon the other hand （一方面另一方面，通常引出相互矛盾的觀點，意見等）eg On the one hand, you accepted his gift; on the other hand, you are rude to him. What are myour actual attitude to him? 一方面你接受他的禮物，另一方面，你對他很粗魯，你到底什么態(tài)度呀7、After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. 找到那個無禮的售貨員后, 她還要看昨天的那件衣服.seek out 找出, 找到（seek-sought-sought）He sought out the thief in the crowd.Seek him out quickly. I want to speak to him.Rude 無理的，沒有禮貌的It is rude to stare. 瞪眼看人是無禮的。It's rude to point. 用手指人是不禮貌的。She was also rude to Mr. Brooke. 她對魯先生也很無禮。8、Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time.那個售貨員沒有認出她是誰, 這一回接待她的態(tài)度非常殷勤.現(xiàn)在分詞短語代替一個分句位于句首時，其否定形式是在它前面加上not，without 或 never等否定詞。這些詞有時可互換，有時則不可：Not/Without/Never hesitating for a moment, he ran after the thief. Not being able to open the door, I asked my neighbour for help.tell sb. not to do sth. 告訴某人不要做某事像eager，glad，pleased，sorry等描述感覺的形容詞作表語時后面往往跟不定式：They are all eager to come.Im pleased to work with you.9. With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. As soon as she saw it, the woman said she did not like it.費了好大勁幾，他爬進櫥窗去取那件衣服。這位婦女對那件衣服只看一眼，就說不喜歡。With + 抽象名詞這個結構在句子中作狀語，與該名詞的副詞形式相同：with confidence; with pride;He fell asleep with the light on.他睡著了，燈還亮著。（伴隨情況）I like to sleep with the windows open.我喜歡把窗戶開著睡覺。（伴隨情況）I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling. 我在房間坐了一會兒，眼睛盯著天花板。（伴隨情況）With a lot of work to do, he wasn't allowed to go out.因為還有很多工作要做，他沒有被允許外出。（原因狀語）With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.由于物價上漲很快，我們買不起高檔商品。（原因狀語）As soon as一 就 hardly.when / no sooner than10、She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.她開心地迫使那位售貨員把櫥窗里幾乎所有的東西都拿了出來,最后才買下了她最先要看的那一件.make so do sthbuying是和making并列的動名詞短語，這個動名詞短語又包含一個定語從句，修飾其中的dress 看主要部分就是：making sb do (and) buying sth (which) she had asked for.（1）enjoy oneself doing sth.表示“從中得到樂趣”：He enjoyed himself making the dog run after beggars.他讓那條狗追逐乞丐，并從中取樂。（2）make后面的動詞不定式不加to（cf本課詞匯學習）'They made him take the examination again.'be made to do sth: 'He was made to take the examination again.'【語法精粹】1、The _b_ news made them _.a. excited/exciting b.exciting/excited c. exciting/to be excited d.excited /excitedmake sb. do sth.；make sth. +形容詞 Make the room warm. 3、_d_, all the quarrels came to an end.a. The lost money was found b. Was the lost money foundc. Because the lost money found d. With the lost money foundquarrel 5kwCrEl n. 吵架, 反目, 怨言, 爭吵的原因；vi. 吵架, 爭論, 挑剔a. 出現(xiàn)了兩個主語和謂語動詞 b. 也不對, 原因相同 c. Because + 從句, 缺 was d. 對, with后面不能加句子非謂語動詞表達被動含義，而不作謂語 4、Many of our dreams _d_ impossible in the past have come true.a. were considered b. to be considered c. considering d.considered不定式除了表示目的外，還可以表示將要發(fā)生的事(在時間上)V-ing表示動作處于現(xiàn)階段，表達主動；V-ed 表示已經做過了，表達被動. b,d 的不同在于 “in the past” 時態(tài)上的差別 6、After a whole days heavy work,the old worker returned home,_a_a. hungry and exhausted b. hungry and exhaustingc. hungry and being exhausted d. huangry and exhaustexhaust i5zC:st vt. 用盡, 耗盡, 抽完, 使精疲力盡；vi. 排氣 n. 排氣, 排氣裝置；adj. 用不完的, 不會枯竭的