2018年中考英語(yǔ)真題分類匯編 題型3 閱讀理解 專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練一 人物故事（含解析）

題型三閱讀理解時(shí)間：810分鐘/篇分值：2分/小題Passage 1(2018黃岡)One day, Mr. Li was reading a book in his office after school. To his surprise, a ball flew in suddenly and hurt him on the head. He took the ball to the window, but he only saw a group of boy students running away quickly and disappearing in a minute. He sat down again and continued his reading. As it got dark, it was time for him to leave for home. Looking at the ball, he wondered what to do with it. He knew the owner of the ball must be nearby and wished to get it back. He went downstairs and walked to the playground. It was at the center of the playground that he placed the ball with a piece of paper, on which he wrote “Be careful next time！”. Then he walked away.The next morning, as Mr. Li opened the office door, he found the same piece of paper on the floor. Some words were added after his words: “Thank you for your kindness. Anyway, you are a clever fellow.”()1. What happened while Mr. Li was reading in his office?A. The window was broken by a ball.B. A ball hurt him on the head.C. A ball hit the window.D. The door was broken by a ball.()2. Why did the owner of the ball run away quickly?A. He was afraid of Mr. Li.B. He wanted to get the ball back.C. He wanted to go home. D. He went to look for the ball.()3. How did Mr. Li deal with the ball?A. He took it home. B. He put it in his office.C. He put it back on the playground. D. He had no idea about it.()4. According to the passage, we can know that _A. Mr. Li is interested in readingB. Mr. Li is too hard on his studentsC. Mr. Li is good at playing sportsD. Mr. Li is a clever teacher with kindness Passage 2(2018安徽)While many young people were enjoying the summer vacation, Zach Bonner was working his hardest. Zach started walking from Valrico, Florida, his hometown, on Christmas, 2009. He reached Los Angeles nine months later in September, 2010. He covered a total of 2，478 miles and raised $120，000 for kids in need. Along the way, Zach attended school online. His mother, brother and sister took turns to walk or drive together with him.Although he is very young, Zach has a long history of helping others. When a terrible storm hit town in 2004, Zach, when six, pulled a wagon(小推車)through his community and collected food for people in need.He has raised $400，000 for his Little Red Wagon Foundation since then. It gives money to projects which help homeless children. In 2007, Zach began walking to support a children's charity(慈善組織)in Tampa, Florida. He finished his journey 23 days later, 280 miles away in Tallahassee. Then in the summer of 2009, he trekked about 670 miles from Atlanta to Washington, DC., in just two months.“As long as there are homeless kids, I will never stop walking for them.” Zach says.()1. What did Zach do during the summer vacation in 2010?A. He stayed at home to look after his family.B. He travelled to his hometown with his family.C. He joined in a school activity with other kids.D. He walked to collect money for kids in need.()2. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that Zach_A. began to help people at a very early ageB. made money to pay for his educationC. enjoyed playing around in his communityD. worked very hard for his family()3. At what age did Zach start walking to support a Tampa children's charity?A. At six. B. At nine. C. At eleven. D. At twelve.()4. The underlined word “trekked” in Paragraph 3 probably means “_”A. 延伸 B. 挖掘 C. 跋涉 D. 飛行()5. Which of the following best describes Zach?A. Friendly and shy. B. Silly but lovely.C. Kind and helpful. D. Clever but lazy.Passage 3(2018 北京)From Nobody to SomebodyBrian was a funny student. He loved watching comedies(喜劇)best and hoped to become a comedy actor one day.When he heard about the talent show to be held at his school, Brian decided to take part in. He had never acted on stage(舞臺(tái))before, and he was very excited. But some students laughed at him. “You are not funny but silly，” Ken, one of his classmates, said to his face. “No one will like what you do，” another boy also said to him, loudly.Brian couldn't understand why they were so unkind to him. For a moment, he thought about giving up the show. But he remembered how much his friends liked his jokes, and also his teachers said he was very funny. So he decided to prepare for the show. Brian did a great job at the talent show. Everyone loved his performance, and he won the first prize! His teachers and friends were proud of him. Even so, Ken told Brian that he was not funny, and that he would never be successful. Brian didn't understand why Ken said so, but he realized that it had nothing to do with him. He confidently continued to work towards his goal.As the years went on, Brian met more people like Ken. “You'll do a terrible job，” they said to him. Luckily, most people encouraged him and some helped him to become even funnier. He got a lot of opportunities to perform in movies. He was even invited to appear on television. His fans thanked him because his comedies made them feel good when they were unhappy.Now Brian is a big comedy star! He is doing what he loves best. He never feels stressed like those unkind people, and he laughs all day long!()1. What did Brian love best when he was a student?A. Going to school. B. Helping classmates.C. Watching comedies. D. Meeting new friends. ()2. Brian decided to prepare for the show because _ A. his friends liked his jokesB. he was invited by a TV stationC. he wasn't busy acting in moviesD. Ken was expecting his performance()3. After winning the first prize, Brian _A. began to understand KenB. became a teacher of actingC. encouraged others to join himD. continued to work towards his goal()4. Brian's fans thanked him because his comedies brought them _A. success B. happiness C. luck D. pride Passage 4(2018東營(yíng))We have heard about people who have special memories. Recently there has been a report about a woman from Australia who can remember almost every detail(細(xì)節(jié)) of all the events in her daily life.Rebecca Sharrock, 25, is one of just 80 people worldwide who have been indentified(確定) as having Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM，超級(jí)自傳體記憶癥). It means she can remember every small eventwhich most people would forget within(在以內(nèi)) daysas if it had happened just minutes ago.“I remember my mum putting me in the driver's seat of a car and taking a picture of me when I was 12 days old，”she said. “That's my earliest memory. I remember every day since then. I can't tell all the dates exactly because I was too young to understand calendars, but I remember what I did that very day, what the weather was like and so on.”Rebecca can also re­experience taste. If she's eating something that she doesn't like, she thinks about Black Forest cake, her favorite food, and the memory will be so strong that she can nearly “taste” it.However, sometimes her memories prove(證明) to be painful. Because they're not just events that she remembers. “When I relive(再體驗(yàn)) memories, the feelings return, too，” Rebecca said.“For example, I remember falling over when I was three at my grandparents' house and hurting my left knee. Talking about it now, I feel painful in my left knee.”“At night, I have to sleep with the radio/recorder and a soft light on，”she added. “If it's too dark or quiet, my mind would be filled with all these memories and I can't sleep.”()1. Which is NOT TRUE about Rebecca?A. She has special memories.B. She is from Australia.C. She is 25 years old.D. She can remember every detail of all the events.()2. What happened to Rebecca on the day when she was 3 years old?A. She was identified as having HSAM.B. Her mother put her in a car and took a picture of her.C. She started to understand calendars.D. She hurt her left knee at her grandparents'.()3. Whenever she is reliving her memories, _A. she is happyB. she experiences the feelings againC. she feels pain in her kneesD. she can taste her favorite food()4. What is the result of having HSAM?A. She can remember every event in her daily life.B. She can re­experience taste.C. She can relive feelings.D. All the above.()5. From the passage, we can infer(推斷)that_A. HSAM can do her good, but it also brings her painB. she feels painful if she recalls her experiencesC. she can fall asleep while she is re­experiencing memoriesD. HSAM can greatly improve her living conditionsPassage 5(2018江西)Carlton Joseph is a fashion designer(服裝設(shè)計(jì)師), but not just any fashion designer. He appears on television, he writes books, and he owns his own fashion house.Born in 1980, Carlton started designing clothes when he was eleven. His father owned a clothes store, and Carlton used to work there at the weekend. Then he did a design course at college.When he was 21, someone suggested doing a TV program. He made his first show “Carlton's Clothes” in 2004, and he wrote his first book in the same year. Since then he has written four more. Carlton got married to TV producer Susan Mills in 2005.Three months ago, Carlton started his new company. He called it “Design: Carlton”At work Carlton always wears black trousers and a black coat, but at home, or when he goes out, he wears clothes with bright colors(red, blue and yellow). He is especially crazy about new glasses, he buys a new pair every few weeks. “I like to look different every day，” he says.Carlton started wearing glasses when he was twelve. He dyed(給染色) his hair red when he was 18. It is still red, and this year, for the first time, he has grown a beard. “My wife likes it,_that's why” is his explanation. But his beard is black!()1. How old was Carlton when he wrote his first book?A. 11. B. 21. C. 24. D. 25.()2. What does the underlined word “it” refer to?A. Carlton's hair. B. Carlton's beard.C. Carlton's coat. D. Carlton's company.()3. What is the main idea of Paragraph 5?A. Carlton likes to look different.B. Carlton is a hardworking person.C. Carlton is crazy about new glasses.D. Carlton loves wearing colorful clothes.()4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Carlton is just a common fashion designer.B. Carlton started his new fashion company in 2005.C. Carlton made his first show after he got married to Susan.D. Carlton got some design experience before going to college.Passage 6(2018無(wú)錫)This year the US will honour(紀(jì)念) one of the country's most famous writersMark Twain(1835­1910). Most readers know that his real name was Samuel Longhorne Clemens, but how many know where the pen name “Mark Twain” came from?The answer shows Clemens' colourful early life before he became a writer. “Mark Twain” was the cry shouted on a ship when the ship entered a part of a river that was two fathoms(6 feet)deep. “Twain” is an old­fashioned way of saying “two”. Twain trained as a ship pilot on the Mississippi river for two years, a time that he wrote about in the humorous Life on the Mississippi(1883)The famous river would become an important theme in many of his workswho could forget the journey of Huck and Jim along it in his most famous book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn(1884)?With little education, he had to teach himself how to write stories. Whenever possible, he would go to public libraries. There he spent much time reading and thinking, which greatly helped him with his writing.On the other hand, his life experiences gave him wonderful material to write about and attract readers. Twain wrote in a style that has been called “l(fā)ocal colour” because it shows great knowledge of local people and their customs.This gift is very clear in the two books for which Twain is still celebrated today：The Adventures of Tom Sawyer(1876) and its follow­up The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which many people call “The Great American Novel”The most amazing invention in the book is the voice of Huck himself. Huck did not enjoy schooling. It shows in the way he uses language, in a spoken style. Only a master like Twain could copy the way a young southern boy talked so well.()1. What does the underlined word “gift” mean in the passage?A. Twain's talent for self­teaching. B. Twain's “l(fā)ocal colour” writing style.C. Twain's good sense of humour. D. Twain's experiences as a ship pilot.()2. According to the passage, what is the best part of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn?A. The deep social meaning. B. The exciting life experiences.C. The special way that Huck talks. D. The nice view of the Mississippi.()3. Which is the most suitable place in the passage for the sentence, “Twain did not come from the writer's background you might expect.”？A. At the beginning of Paragraph 2. B. At the beginning of Paragraph 3. C. At the beginning of Paragraph 4. D. At the beginning of Paragraph 5.()4. What is the passage mainly about?A. Mark Twain's career as a great writer.B. Mark Twain's interest in describing local life.C. Mark Twain's achievements in American literature field.D. Mark Twain's life experiences which influenced his writing. Passage 7(2018南京)Rachel Carson(1907­1964) was a pioneer of the world's environmental movement through her writing about the protection of the natural world. Her 1962 book Silent Spring made her well known by many people. It describes the harmful changes in the environment of using toxic(有害的) chemicals on farmland.Carson's career started as a biologist in the US Bureau of Fisheries. ln 1951 she published her first book, The Sea Around Us, which became a bestseller. It made her rich enough to leave her job and devote her life to writing. She was a gifted writer. Her next two books were also about the oceans and both topped the book sales lists.Carson's book Silent Spring completely changed the way America thought about nature. It painted a bleak(荒涼的) future for the whole natural world. It led to a nationwide ban(禁止) on the use of a deadly chemical called DDT, and other toxic pesticides(農(nóng)藥) that farmers used for their crops. Many people say the book led to the creation of America's Environmental Protection Agency.Since her death, Carson's name has continued to be connected with protecting the environment. There is now a yearly Rachel Carson Book Prize. Norway awards the Rachel Carson Prize to women who have made great contributions to the field of environmental protection. In 1980, 16 years after her death, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honour in America.()1. What happened to Rachel Carson in 1962?A. She started to write books.B. She gave up working as a biologist.C. Her book The Sea Around Us sold well.D. Her book Silent Spring made her famous.()2. What most probably made Rachel Carson leave her job?A. She got an award.B. She published Silent Spring.C. The Sea Around Us brought her enough money.D. The US government took notice of her researches.()3. Why is the book Silent Spring important to America's environmental protection?A. It describes a silent spring.B. It topped the book sales lists.C. It changed how America thought about nature.D. It includes all Carson's research achievements.()4. What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. The book Silent Spring.B. The way America thought.C. The US Bureau of Fisheries.D. America's Environmental Protection Agency.()5. Why was Rachel Carson awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom?A. She published the book Silent Spring.B. She did a lot of researches for the US Bureau of Fisheries.C. She donated much money to the Rachel Carson Book Prize.D. She made great contributions to the environmental protection. 9題型三閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練一 人物故事Passage 1【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。李老師在辦公室被飛進(jìn)來(lái)的球砸到，他以留紙條的方式將球歸還給犯錯(cuò)的學(xué)生。這說(shuō)明李老師既聰明又善良。1. B2. A3. C4. DPassage 2【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。Zach是個(gè)樂(lè)于助人的年輕人，從很小的時(shí)候就開始幫助別人?，F(xiàn)在他通過(guò)徒步的方式籌款，幫助無(wú)家可歸的孩子們。1. D2. A3. B4. C5. CPassage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了布萊恩喜歡喜劇并立志成為喜劇演員，但他的夢(mèng)想?yún)s被同學(xué)嘲笑。他不忘初心，抓住機(jī)會(huì)；堅(jiān)持夢(mèng)想，獲得成功。1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B Passage 4【主旨大意】 本文是一篇記敘文。講述了傳奇人物麗貝卡·夏洛克的故事。她能記住日常生活中所有事件的細(xì)節(jié)，但這種超常的記憶力給她帶來(lái)的并不都是甜蜜。1. D 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. APassage 5【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了與眾不同的服裝設(shè)計(jì)師Carlton Joseph的故事。1. C【解析】數(shù)字計(jì)算題。題干意為：當(dāng)Carlton寫第一本書的時(shí)候他多少歲了？根據(jù)第三段的“.in 2004, and he wrote his first book in the same year.”可知，他2004年寫了第一本書。又根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，他出生于1980年。因此他寫第一本書時(shí)是24歲。故選C。2. B【解析】代詞指代題。題干意為：劃線單詞“it”指的是什么？根據(jù)最后一段的“.he has grown a beard. My wife likes it.”可知，it指代Carlton的胡子。故選B。3. A【解析】段落大意題。題干意為：第五段的主旨大意是什么？第五段通過(guò)敘述Carlton的穿著和對(duì)眼鏡的癡迷來(lái)敘述Carlton喜歡看起來(lái)與眾不同。故選A。4. D【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：根據(jù)短文，下面哪一項(xiàng)是正確的？根據(jù)第二段“.Carlton started designing.at college.”可知，他在上大學(xué)前就有服裝設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)了。故選D。Passage 6【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了美國(guó)偉大的作家馬克·吐溫的生活經(jīng)歷。而這種經(jīng)歷深深地影響了他的作品，為他的作品打上了“地方色彩”的烙印。1. B【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。題干意為：本文中，劃線詞“gift”意思是什么？上一段主要說(shuō)明了馬克·吐溫作品的“l(fā)ocal colour”，而“This gift is very clear.”是承接上一段，所以gift應(yīng)是指local colour。故選B。2. C【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：根據(jù)短文，哪一個(gè)是哈克貝利·費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記最精彩的部分？根據(jù)最后一段第一句“The most amazing invention in the book is the voice of Huck himself.”可知選C。3. C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：“Twain did not come from the writer's background you might expect.”最適合放在短文哪里？根據(jù)文章第四段第一句話可知，馬克吐溫幾乎沒有受過(guò)教育，他是通過(guò)自學(xué)成才的，所以需要把這段話放到第四段開頭作為引文過(guò)渡銜接。4. D【解析】主旨大意題。題干意為：本文主要講述了什么？縱觀全文，本文前兩段概述了馬克·吐溫名字的來(lái)歷，后五段敘述了馬克·吐溫的經(jīng)歷以及其這些經(jīng)歷對(duì)他的作品的影響。實(shí)際上，馬克·吐溫名字的來(lái)歷也是其經(jīng)歷的一部分，所以本文主要概括了馬克·吐溫的經(jīng)歷以及他的經(jīng)歷對(duì)其作品的影響。故選D。Passage 7【主旨大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了美國(guó)著名的海洋生物學(xué)家蕾切爾·卡遜的生平事跡，她的作品寂靜的春天開啟了美國(guó)以至于全世界的環(huán)境保護(hù)事業(yè)，1980年她去世16年后，被追授“總統(tǒng)自由勛章”。 1. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：在1962年蕾切爾·卡遜發(fā)生了什么事情？由文章第一段第二句“Her 1962 book Silent Spring made her well known by many people.”可知，在1962年，她的作品寂靜的春天使她出名。故選D。2. C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：是什么最可能讓蕾切爾·卡遜放棄了她的工作？由文章第二段第三句“It made her rich enough to leave her job and devote her life to writing.”可知，她的書給她帶來(lái)足夠的錢可以讓她專心寫作。故選C。3. C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：為什么寂靜的春天對(duì)美國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)來(lái)說(shuō)很重要？由文章第三段第一句“Carson's book Silent Spring completely changed the way America thought about nature.”可知，寂靜的春天完全改變了美國(guó)考慮自然的方式，所以它對(duì)美國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。故選C。4. A【解析】代詞指代題。題干意為：劃線單詞“It”在第三段指的是什么？由It前一句“Carson's book Silent Spring completely changed the way America thought about nature.”可知，It指代寂靜的春天這本書。故選A。5. D【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：為什么蕾切爾·卡遜被授予“總統(tǒng)自由勛章”？從整篇文章來(lái)看，蕾切爾·卡遜改變了美國(guó)考慮環(huán)境的方式，她抵制DDT等有害化學(xué)藥品，為世界環(huán)境做出了非常巨大的貢獻(xiàn)，所以被授予“總統(tǒng)自由勛章”。故選D。