2012年高考英語《情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣》教案.doc

情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣教案一、教學(xué)目標1、情態(tài)動詞的常見考點；2、虛擬語氣的常見考點。二、教學(xué)重難點1、教學(xué)重點：情態(tài)動詞的常見考點；虛擬語氣的常見考點。2、教學(xué)難點：虛擬語氣的常見考點。三、教學(xué)過程（一）問題排行榜（Hit the charts）1、情態(tài)動詞的常見考點都有哪些？ 2、虛擬語氣的常見考點都有哪些？（二）攻克難點（Overcome difficulties）情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣是高中語法學(xué)習(xí)的難點和重點。高考英語完成句子對情態(tài)動詞的考查主要涉及常見情態(tài)動詞的基本用法，特別側(cè)重于情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法和特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中情態(tài)動詞的應(yīng)用。高考完成句子對虛擬語氣的考查重點在于根據(jù)句子的語境靈活多樣地運用虛擬語氣，賓語從句中虛擬語氣的應(yīng)用，交際用語中為表委婉而使用的虛擬語氣，含蓄條件句中的虛擬語氣，以及特殊句型中的虛擬語氣等。五年高考已考測試點：情態(tài)動詞與完成式；賓語從句、同位語從句、條件句中的虛擬語氣；情態(tài)動詞的推測功能；should/can等情態(tài)動詞的基本用法。1、情態(tài)動詞的常見考點都有哪些？ 考點一情態(tài)動詞與完成式 “情態(tài)動詞have過去分詞 ”結(jié)構(gòu)是情態(tài)動詞專項考查的難點和重點，記住以下最常考查的結(jié)構(gòu)：must have done 過去一定做了某事cant/couldnt have done 過去不可能做了某事may/might have done 過去可能做了某事neednt have done本來沒有必要做而實際做了某事could have done本來能夠做而實際沒有做某事should/ought to have done本來應(yīng)該做而實際沒有做某事shouldnt/oughtnt to have done本來不該做而實際做了某事考點二情態(tài)動詞的推測功能 can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推測，使用時要注意以下幾點： 注意語氣。語氣較強用must, cannot，couldnt；語氣較弱may，might或can，could; 注意句式。在肯定句中，一般用may，might，must；在否定句、疑問句中常用can，could； 注意時態(tài)。表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r的推測，此時通常用“情態(tài)動詞 動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)；表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)碚谶M行的情況進行推測，通常用“情態(tài)動詞進行式”結(jié)構(gòu)；表示對過去情況的推測，通常用“情態(tài)動詞完成式”結(jié)構(gòu)?？键c三 shall的三種用法 表說話人的意圖。在陳述句中主語是第二三人稱，表說話者給對方的承諾決心警告、威脅等。征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱髸r，主語為第一、三人稱的疑問句。表示強制。用于法令條約、規(guī)章中，意為“必須，應(yīng)該”?？键c四一些情態(tài)動詞的特殊用法 1.cannot(never等否定詞)toocannotadj./adv. enough 再也不為過cant (help/choose) but do 只好做/不得不做cant help (to) do不能幫忙做cant help doing情不自禁做cant/couldnt agree more 十分贊成it cant/couldnt be better 十分好，非常好2. may 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 may well完全能，很可能=to be very likely to might/ may as well最好，滿可以，倒不如，還是的好3. must有時表示 “偏要，偏偏”， 也可作名詞，意為“必須做的事情”。4. should可作“竟然、萬一”解。Why/How+should結(jié)構(gòu)表說話人對某事不能理解，感到意外、驚異等，意為“竟會”。5.dare作情態(tài)動詞時，還可用于條件句中，過去式為dared；作行為動詞時，dare用于疑問句或否定句，后面的to也可省略；I dare say是習(xí)慣說法，意為“我想，大概”。2、虛擬語氣的常見考點都有哪些？考點一虛擬語氣的基本用法 與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣，基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語should/would/could動詞原形其他成分if主語動詞的一般過去時(be動詞用were)其他成分。與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語should/would/couldhave done其他成分if主語動詞的過去完成時其他成分。與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣，基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語should/would/could動詞原形其他成分if主語動詞的一般過去時/should do/were to do其他成分?？键c二含蓄虛擬條件句 這樣的虛擬句不含有if從句，而是以but for/with/without/but/or/otherwise等介詞、副詞、連詞等等引導(dǎo)的句子來代替?？键c三主從句時間不一致的虛擬條件句 在有些虛擬條件句中，主從句時間不一致，應(yīng)根據(jù)不同情況區(qū)別對待?？键c四名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣 在含有表示堅持、建議、命令、要求等含義的名詞性從句和在it作形式賓語或形式主語的復(fù)合句中，賓語補足語是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“驚奇、惋惜或者理應(yīng)如此”等含義時，從句中的謂語動詞需用“should動詞原形”，其中should可以省略。考點五wish/if only/would rather從句中的虛擬語氣wish，would rather引導(dǎo)的賓語從句及if only所引導(dǎo)的從句，須用虛擬語氣，即從句用一般過去時(be用were)表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼氖聦嵅环?；從句用過去完成時，表示與過去事實不符。（三）方法列舉（List methods）1、虛擬語氣考點一 虛擬語氣的基本用法 1.與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣，例如：If it were not for the fact that she _ sing，I would invite her to the party. A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not2.與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，例如：If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic. But it _ all day. A. rained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining3.與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣，例如：If I _ plan to do anything I want to，Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to考點二 含蓄虛擬條件句 Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we _ it without you. A. can manage B.could have managed C. could managed D.can have managed考點三 主從句時間不一致的虛擬條件句Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall考點四 名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York？ I agree，but the problem is _ he has refused to.A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;that C.should not be sent;what D. should not send;what考點五 wish/if only/would rather從句中 的虛擬語氣Look at the trouble Im in，if only I _ your advice！ A. followed B.would follow C. had followed D.should follow2、情態(tài)動詞考點一 情態(tài)動詞基本含義的考查 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. couldWhen can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. needYou cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _be so rude to a lady . A. might B. need C. should D. would考點二 情態(tài)動詞表示推測的考查 Sorry, Im late. I_have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again . A. might B. should C. can D. willMy sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,so he_your lecture. A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attendedMr. Bush is on time for everything. How _it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. mustI heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter? It _true because there was little snow there.A. may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D. mustnt be考點三 情態(tài)動詞表示虛擬的考查 There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You_come, but why didnt you? A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to haveI was really anxious about you. You _home without a word.A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leaveOh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I _so much fried chicken just now.A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat考點四 情態(tài)動詞與助動詞混合考查Tom ,you didnt come to the party last night? I_, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do .A. had to B. didnt C. was going to D. wouldntYour phone number again? I_quite catch it . Its 86184867. A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant（四）能力拓展（Develop skills）1、【2011全國卷,32】They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A.will B.can C.must D.should【答案】D【考點】考查虛擬語氣的用法?！窘馕觥烤湟鉃椤八麄儽驹撐顼垥r到達，但他們的航班推遲了?！眞ill have done將來可以完成；can have done可能做過嗎？表示對過去行為的懷疑，用于疑問句；must have done一定做過某事，表示對過去事情的肯定推測；should have done本來應(yīng)該做某事，而實際沒做。but their flight was delayed這樣的結(jié)果，說明他們本來該到達卻沒有到達，因此選D。2、【2011全國卷II,8】If you smoke, please go outside. A. can B. should C. must D. may【答案】C【考點】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法?！窘馕觥烤湟鉃椤叭绻惴堑靡闊煟埖酵饷嫒コ??！眒ust (表示主張)一定要，堅持要。根據(jù)后一句please go outside的要求，選C。3、【2011北京卷,24】I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not【答案】D【考點】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法?！窘馕觥烤湟鉃椤拔艺娌幌矚gJames。你為何請了他？別擔(dān)心。他可能來不了。他說他的計劃還沒安排好。”題干中的he wasnt certain說明他可能不來，可能來，因此使用不完全否定might not。選D。4、【2011北京卷,28】Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they always late.A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been【答案】A【考點】考查虛擬語氣的用法?！窘馕觥烤湟鉃椤昂⒆觽兡膬喝チ耍窟@頓飯快要吃不起來了。我但愿他們不要老是遲到?！眞ish引出虛擬語氣，題干中出現(xiàn)always，從句虛擬使用一般過去時。選A。5、【2011北京卷,30】Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying【答案】C【考點】考查虛擬語氣的用法?！窘馕觥烤湟鉃椤盎蛟S當(dāng)初我要是學(xué)了理科而不是文科，現(xiàn)在就能給你更多的幫助?！眛hen表示過去的時間，if引導(dǎo)的從句是對過去的虛擬，因此使用過去完成時。選C。6、【2011天津卷,15】I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come【答案】D【考點】考查虛擬語氣的用法。【解析】句意為“我本來可以早點來，但我真不知道他們在等我?！眀ut I didnt know表示了過去時間，因此前句是對過去的虛擬，用主語+should / would / could / might + have done表達，故選D。7、【2011上海春招,27】Some young people these days just _ go out of their homes to contact the real world. A. mustntB. wontC. mightntD. shouldnt【答案】B【考點】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法?！窘馕觥烤湟鉃椤艾F(xiàn)在一些年輕人就是不愿意走出家門接觸真正的世界?！眒ustnt禁止，不允許；wont不愿意，就是不，偏不，具有主觀性；mightnt可能不；shouldnt不應(yīng)該。根據(jù)句意選B。8、【2011江蘇卷,34】I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it.A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen【答案】B【考點】考查虛擬語氣的用法。【解析】句意為“我把我的手提包落在火車上了。但幸運的是，有人拾到交給了鐵路部門。失而復(fù)得，簡直難以置信！我是說，本來可能有人會偷了去?！眞ill have done將來可以完成，must have done一定做過某事，表示對過去事情的肯定推測，都與題意不符。should have done本來應(yīng)該做某事，而實際沒做，這就意味著希望有人偷包。might have stolen 過去可能做過，語氣比較婉轉(zhuǎn)或不肯定，根據(jù)句意選B。（五）小結(jié)（六）課后作業(yè)1、復(fù)習(xí)一遍課堂摘記。2、完成課堂尚未完成的練習(xí)。3、復(fù)習(xí)情態(tài)動詞的常見考點和虛擬語氣的常見考點。