天津市高考英語二輪復習 第一部分 單項填空 專題二 代詞和數(shù)詞課件

專題二代詞和數(shù)詞專題二代詞和數(shù)詞-2-考情概覽縱觀近五年的天津高考英語試題,對于代詞的考查主要集中在替代詞one,it,that和this等的用法。命題者把that,one,ones,those,this,it,them,these等不同用法的代詞放在具體的語境中,讓考生根據(jù)所替代的名詞的特點和所跟定語的修飾特點對它們進行辨別。另外,不定代詞either,neither,both,none,another,other,the other,each,any,all,some和復合不定代詞everybody,nobody,anybody,somebody也是很好的命題熱點;反身代詞的使用及其構成的慣用習語也要引起重視。高考對數(shù)詞的考查不頻繁,近幾年未曾出現(xiàn)關于數(shù)詞的考題。但是,倍數(shù)的表達方式、分數(shù)或百分數(shù)做主語、及數(shù)量詞做主語時的主謂一致情況也是考查的重點。-3-考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七考點八人稱代詞的用法人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的不同。主格在句中做主語或表語;賓格在句中做賓語,但在口語中也能做表語。在省略句中單獨使用或用在not后(多用賓格)。如:I like English.Me too.Have more wine?Not me.-4-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點七考點八【典例分析】Whos that at the door? is the milkman.A.He B.ItC.ThisD.That答案為B項。句意:門口那人是誰?是送奶工。it是人稱代詞,指代不知道姓名或性別的人,這里用來表明身份。Surprisingly,Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made almost an overcoat for her.A.themB.herC.itselfD.herself 答案為C項?？疾榇~辨析。句意:令人驚奇的是,蘇珊的秀發(fā)直抵膝蓋以下,就像給她披上了一層外衣。根據(jù)句意及句子結構,選項表示的是主語hair,故應選擇與主語hair同義的反身代詞itself?？键c四-5-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點七考點八both,all,either,each,every,neither,none的用法1.both,either,neither 用于兩者。both意為“兩者都”;either意為“兩者中的任何一個”;neither意為“兩者中的任何一個都不”。如:Both the boys are clever.Neither of the two boys is clever.2.all,none,each,every用于多者。all意為“全部都”,指可數(shù)的東西時為復數(shù),指不可數(shù)的東西時為單數(shù);none意為“全都不,任何一個都不”,指可數(shù)的東西時可為單數(shù)或復數(shù),指不可數(shù)的東西時為單數(shù);each和every意為“每一個”,為單數(shù),兩者都能做定語用,但each還可做主語、賓語和同位語。如:All of the students are there.All (of) the milk is there.Each student may have one book.Each of them has an e-dictionary./They each have an e-dictionary.考點四-6-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點七考點八【典例分析】 Shed lived in London and Manchester,but she liked and moved to Cambridge.A.bothB.neitherC.noneD.either答案為B項。考查代詞。句意:她曾經(jīng)在倫敦和曼徹斯特居住過,但是這兩個地方她都不喜歡,于是搬到了劍橋。前面提到了兩個地方,否定兩者用neither?？键c四-7-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點七考點八The research group produced two reports based on the survey,but contained any useful suggestions.A.allB.noneC.eitherD.neither答案為D項。句意:這個研究小組在調查的基礎上提供了兩份報告,但是沒有一份包含著有用的建議。根據(jù)but一詞可知,此處表示轉折,故用否定意義的代詞,排除A項和C項;兩者都否定用代詞neither;none表示三者或三者以上全部否定?？键c四-8-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點七考點八考點四復合不定代詞的用法由some,any,no,every加上-body,-one,-thing構成的不定代詞,叫復合不定代詞。1.some構成的復合不定代詞一般用于肯定句,意為“某人或某物;重要的人或事”。如:Somebody is waiting outside.He thinks hes really somebody.有時也用于疑問句中表示邀請。如:Would you like something to eat?-9-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點七考點八考點四2.any構成的復合不定代詞一般用于否定句、疑問句或條件狀語從句中,意為“隨便某個人或物;無論什么人或物,什么人或物都可以”。如:There isnt anything in the box.If anyone wants to go on the trip,register here please!有時也用于肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如:You can take anything you like.3.no構成的復合不定代詞意為“沒什么人或物”。如:I know nothing about it.There is nobody here.-10-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點七考點八考點四4.every構成的復合不定代詞意為“一切人或物;每個人或物”。everything還可表示“最重要的人或物”。如:She does everything to help her mother.Her son is everything to her.-11-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點七考點八考點四【典例分析】 (2017天津耀華中學二模,4)Make sure youve got the passports and tickets and before you leave.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing答案為C項?？疾椴欢ù~。句意:在你離開前,確保你已經(jīng)有了護照、票等一切東西。something“某事”;anything“任何事”;everything“一切”;nothing“什么都沒有”。根據(jù)句意可知C項正確。-12-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點七考點八You can ask anyone for help. here is willing to lend you a hand.A.OneB.No oneC.EveryoneD.Someone答案為C項。one表泛指,“一個人”;no one“沒有人”;everyone“每個人”;someone“有人,某人”。根據(jù)第一句中的anyone“任何人”可知,這兒的每個人都可以幫忙。句意:你可以向任何人求助。這兒的每個人都愿意幫助你。故選C項?？键c四-13-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點七考點八考點四other,the other,others,the others,another的用法1.other和the other通常做定語用;others和the others通常做主語、賓語或表語用。如:He is willing to help others/other people.2.other和others用作泛指,沒有明確的范圍;the other和the others為特指,有一定的范圍。如:Twenty of the students in our class have been to Beijing.The other students/The others have not.3.在句型one .the other .(用于兩者)中,the other可用做主語或賓語;在some .others (other .)句型中雖有一定范圍,但other(s)前不用冠詞。如:Some of us like football,and others are fond of basketball.-14-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點七考點八考點四4.another為泛指,與單數(shù)名詞連用。但another后可跟few或帶數(shù)字的復數(shù)名詞,相當于a few或數(shù)字加more再加復數(shù)名詞。如:We need another five chairs/five more chairs.【典例分析】 To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against .A.anotherB.the otherC.otherD.either答案為B項。因為一個人有兩只腳,所以用the other表示兩只中的另一只。another指三者或三者以上范圍中的“另一個,又一個”。故B項正確。句意:為了取暖,那個水手坐在火前面,用一只光著的腳搓著另一只光著的腳。-15-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點七考點八考點四不定代詞none與no one的用法1.none意為“一個(點)也沒有”,既可指人,也可指物,可對how many和how much的提問作出簡略回答。如:How much water is there in the bottle?None.2.no one意為“沒有人,沒有誰”,一般指人,可用來回答who提出的問題。如:Who is in the classroom?No one.3.none后常接of介詞短語,但no one和nobody后面不接of介詞短語。如:None of the students are/is afraid of difficulties.-16-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點七考點八考點四【典例分析】 (2017天津紅橋區(qū)一模,2)Of all the books on the desk, is of any use for our study.A.nothingB.no oneC.noneD.neither答案為C項。句意:桌子上所有的書中,沒有一本對我們的學習有任何的幫助。因為前面提到了描述的對象books,后面指的是在數(shù)量上“一個也沒有”,故用none。nothing指物,no one指人,二者都表示敘述的對象。none指人或物,表示數(shù)量。neither指兩者中的任何一個都不。故選C項。-17-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點七考點八考點四it的用法1.it可用于無人稱的句子中,表示自然現(xiàn)象、季節(jié)、時間、距離、環(huán)境等。如:It is getting warmer and warmer.Its ten minutes walk from here to our school.2.it可代替動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式或從句做形式主語或形式賓語。如:Its important for us to learn a second language.We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.-18-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點七考點八考點四【典例分析】 How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?A.themB.oneC.thoseD.it答案為D項。句意:如果你正在觀看你自己喜愛的電視節(jié)目,這時有人進入房間,沒有詢問你的意見就把電視關掉了,你會有什么樣的感受?表示人的情感好惡的動詞like,love,hate等后面通常接it做形式賓語。-19-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點七考點八考點四it,that,those,one,ones表示替代的用法1.it用來代替前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,屬于“同名同物”的替代。也可替代前面提到的某種情況或某個動作以避免重復。it還可在take/like/hate/hide/appreciate/depend on等后做形式賓語,代替后面的賓語從句或不定式短語。如:I lost my pen last week but I found it yesterday.(it代替my pen)I hate it in summer when it is hot.-20-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點七考點八考點四2.that用來替代前面出現(xiàn)過的特指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或者特指的不可數(shù)名詞,相當于“the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞”,屬于“同類異物”的替代,that后一般有限定成分。如:The weather in Beijing is as good as that in Tianjin.(that代替the weather,后有介詞短語in Tianjin修飾)“the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”可以用that代替,用the one來代替更為常見。如:The book is not so interesting as that/the one I bought last week.(that/the one代替the book,后有定語從句 I bought last week修飾)-21-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點七考點八考點四3.those代替前面出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)以避免重復,且表示特指,后有定語修飾,可與the ones 通用。如:The houses of the rich are generally larger than those/the ones of the poor.4.one只能替代前面出現(xiàn)過的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式,是泛指概念,相當于“a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式”,屬于“同類異物”的替代。如:I lost my pen yesterday.I will buy one.(one代替a pen)The film is not so good as the one I saw yesterday.(the one代替the film,后有定語從句I saw yesterday修飾)5.ones用來代替前面提到的可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式。the ones表示特指,常相當于those。如:I do not like green apples.I like red ones.(ones代替apples)-22-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點七考點八考點四【典例分析】 (2017天津紅橋區(qū)上學期期中,2)Oh,no!My English novel is missing.I saw Tom leaving with ,but I am not sure whether yours was included.A.oneB.itC.some D.that答案為C項。句意:哦,不!我的英文小說丟了。我看到湯姆走的時候拿著幾本,但我不確定你的那本是不是在里面。由whether yours was included可推斷第二句指湯姆走的時候拿著好幾本書,不知道里面有沒有第一句所說的那本英文小說,因此空格處應填表示復數(shù)的some。-23-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點七考點八考點四Half of surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.A.theseB.someC.onesD.those答案為D項?？疾椴欢ù~。句意:在16個國家接受調查的那些人中,有一半表示他們首先去最親密的朋友那里分享自己內心最深切的愿望以及極度的恐懼。此處考查替代詞,表示特指且為復數(shù)概念要用those。-24-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點七考點八考點四數(shù)詞及倍數(shù)的用法1.基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的表達方法,及in the 1990s/1990s表示“20世紀90年代”的用法。2.at the age of .表示“在歲時”,in ones thirties表示“在某人三十幾歲時”。3.倍數(shù)的三種常用表達方式:倍數(shù)+比較級+than.;倍數(shù)+as+原級+as .;倍數(shù)+the+名詞(size/height/depth/width/weight)+of .?！镜淅治觥?Its said that the power plant is now large as what it was.A.twice asB.as twice C.twice muchD.much twice答案為A項?？疾楸稊?shù)。句意:據(jù)說,發(fā)電廠是原來的兩倍大了。倍數(shù)和as .as連用時,表示倍數(shù)的詞要放在第一個as之前。故選A項。-25-1.(2017天津和平區(qū)四模,2)Mr.Zhang gave all textbooks to all the pupils,except who had already taken them.A.theseB.onesC.thoseD.the others解析 句意:張老師把所有的課本都分給了所有的學生們,除了那些已經(jīng)拿了課本的學生。代詞those在此處替代前面出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)the pupils以避免重復。ones也可替代前面出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞復數(shù),但表示泛指,此處應用the ones表示特指那些已經(jīng)拿了課本的學生,排除B項。前面出現(xiàn)的pupils有all修飾,所以排除D項。C-26-2.(2017天津南開區(qū)二模,5)Varieties of solutions have been provided for us to solve the problem.We can choose to start with.A.itB.thatC.eachD.one解析 句意:已經(jīng)提供給我們多種解決問題的方案。我們可以選一個開始。one表示泛指其中一個,相當于a solution,符合句意。it和that均用于指代上文出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,each指每一個,均與句意不符。故選D項。3.(2017天津耀華中學一模,2)The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than in the newspaper.A.itB.those C.oneD.that解析 句意:網(wǎng)上的信息比報紙上的信息傳播的要快得多。it屬于“同名同物”的替代;those代指前面出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式;one表示泛指,that特指前面出現(xiàn)過的不可數(shù)名詞。故選D項。DD-27-4.(2017天津耀華中學上學期統(tǒng)練二,3)Wow!Youve got so many clothes.But of them are in fashion now.A.allB.bothC.neither D.none解析 句意:哇!你有這么多衣服啊。但是沒有一件是現(xiàn)在流行的。根據(jù)句意可知them代指上文提到的clothes,空處表示“沒有一件”,指三者或三者以上中一個也沒有,故選D項。由“But”可排除A項,B、C兩項均指代兩者,故排除。5.(2017天津高考壓軸卷,22)Tom makes a rule to give a summary of the new important points after class.A.thatB.what C.them D.it解析 句意:湯姆把課下總結新的重要知識點當成了一條慣例。it代替后面的動詞不定式結構,做句子的形式賓語。故選D項。DD-28-6.In many ways,the education system in the US is not very different from in the UK.A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it7.Is there any power left in your cell phone? Mine is dying.Oh,sorry! There is left in my cell phone,either.A.anything B.no one C.noneD.nothingA 解析that是代詞,相當于“the+名詞”,在該句中代替前面的the education system,以避免重復。one只用來指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,相當于“a/an+名詞”。故選A項。C解析句意:你的手機還有電嗎?我的快沒了。很抱歉!我的手機也沒有一點兒電了。none表示“沒有一點兒”。no one指人;nothing指沒有任何東西。故選C項。-29-8.Mary donated half of her money to the charity,and spent half on her education.A.anotherB.otherC.any otherD.the other9.All of us want very much to see these amusing movies,especially you referred to just now.A.one B.the one C.it D.anyD 解析句意:瑪麗把她一半的錢捐給了慈善機構,另一半用在教育上。此處指兩者中的另一者,用the other。another用來指(三者以上的數(shù)量中)另一個;other指(三者以上的數(shù)量中)另一些,后跟復數(shù)名詞;any other指(三者以上的數(shù)量中)其他任何一個。B解析句意:我們都很想看這些有趣的電影,尤其是你剛才提到的那一部?？崭裉幋浮皌he movie”,故用the one。-30-10.The supermarket has been broken into three times in the last two years, resulting in their great loss.A.eachB.everyC.anyD.either11.The trains leave every 15 minutes;if you miss ,you dont have to wait long for another.A.itB.thisC.oneD.some A 解析句意:在過去的兩年里,這家超市被闖入過三次,每一次都給他們造成了巨大的損失。空格處填入代詞。each指(兩者或兩者以上的數(shù)量中的)每一個;every不能做代詞用,做形容詞用,做定語;any指“任何一次”,常用于疑問句和否定句中;either 指“兩者中的任何一者”,不符合題干中的“three times”,故選A項。 C解析句意:火車每15分鐘一班,如果你錯過一班,也不必花很長時間等下一班?？崭裉幱胦ne泛指“a train”。-31-12.What do you do as a volunteer in Africa? ! There are many poor people there.They need a lot of help.A.None B.SomethingC.LittleD.EverythingD 解析句意:你在非洲,作為一名志愿者都做什么?什么都做,那兒有許多窮人,他們需要很多幫助。根據(jù)答語中的第二句中可知此處用everything表示“一切”。13.Its one thing to send a short message but to have the person receiving the message actually do something.A.anotherB.otherC.the other D.othersA 解析句意:發(fā)短信是一回事,而讓接收信息的人真正做點什么又是另一回事。another“又一個,另一個”,用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,表示“三者或者三者以上中的另外一個”;other是形容詞,意為“其他的,另外的”;the other表示兩者中的另外一個;others“其他的,另外的”,往往和some連用,構成some .others .,意為“一些另一些”。-32-14.With the loss of her husband in the earthquake,the two children mean to the young mother.A.everythingB.anything C.nothingD.somethingA 解析句意:地震中她失去了丈夫,對于這位年輕的母親來說兩個孩子就是她的一切。everything“全部,一切”,強調整體;anything“任何東西”,強調個體;nothing“什么也沒有”,表示否定;something“某事,某物”。根據(jù)句意選A項。15. of the land in that district covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth;isB.Two fifths;areC.Two fifth;are D.Two fifths;isD 解析考查數(shù)詞與主謂一致。句意:那個地區(qū)五分之二的陸地是綠樹和草地。two fifths “五分之二”,分數(shù)或百分數(shù)做主語時,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)要與of后的名詞保持一致,故正確答案為D項。-33-16.I wonder if you have spotted my newly-bought magazine.I saw Jenny going away with ,but I am not certain whether it is exactly yours.A.itB.thatC.oneD.some 17.We live in a world in which only the strongest can make to the top.A.oneB.itC.eachD.that C 解析句意:我想知道你是否看到了我新買的雜志。我看到珍妮帶走了一本,但我不確定那本就是你的。由于前文出現(xiàn)了magazine,這里填替代詞one,代替a magazine。B解析句意:我們生活在一個只有最堅強的人才能到達頂峰的世界里。make it“成功;完成”,是習慣表達。-34-18.Years ago it was easy for me to come up with new ideas,but now I have.A.littleB.noC.nothingD.noneD解析題干中的關鍵詞是but,前面的意思是“幾年前,我很容易想出新主意來”。but后面表示轉折意義,意為“現(xiàn)在我什么主意都想不出來了”。故none是最佳答案。nothing意為“什么也沒有”,不合題意。-35-19.Id appreciate if you can turn the radio down for my baby is sleeping.A.itB.thatC.thisD.you20.Is Michael a man with good manners?I dont think so.As a matter of fact,he is but polite.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothingA 解析Id appreciate it if .是慣用句型,其中的it是虛詞,無實際意義。B解析句意:邁克爾是一個有禮貌的人嗎?我認為不是,事實上,他一點兒也不禮貌。根據(jù)句意可知,此處要用anything but短語,意為“根本不”。