天津市高考英語二輪復習 第五部分 書面表達 專題二十五 圖表類課件

專題二十五圖表類專題二十五圖表類-2-考情概覽圖表類寫作是將統(tǒng)計的數(shù)據(jù)或被說明的內(nèi)容直接用圖表形式展示出來。它要求考生對數(shù)據(jù)、文字內(nèi)容進行分析,系統(tǒng)準確地表達其含義和內(nèi)容,并得出令人信服的結(jié)論。圖表類寫作除了以表格形式出現(xiàn)外,還常以曲線圖、流程圖、柱形圖、數(shù)據(jù)表格及平面圖解形式出現(xiàn)。這類寫作形式需要考生通過觀察和分析圖表,提煉要點,然后圍繞圖表所要求闡述的中心話題組織語言。圖表類作文所涉及的題材通常是與考生、家庭及社會相關(guān)的熱點話題,為考生所熟悉的場景。體裁以說明文和議論文為主?？忌枰炊畧D表,并將有關(guān)圖表信息轉(zhuǎn)換為文字形式,這就要求考生具有一定的數(shù)據(jù)分析能力和材料歸納能力。-3-一、圖表類寫作的技巧要求考生根據(jù)題干中提供的圖表、數(shù)據(jù)及標題進行分析研究,提煉和確定文章的中心與主題,弄清各信息點之間的關(guān)系,抓住圖表中所反映出的共同規(guī)律和不同之處,然后逐條進行分析、概括和歸納。1.審讀圖表寫作前應對圖表進行認真審讀,對于表格類寫作,應能讀懂表格,明確提示要點及其包含的細節(jié);而對于以圖表形式出現(xiàn)的寫作則應分析其提供的數(shù)據(jù)和其中的文字內(nèi)容,弄清各數(shù)據(jù)之間的關(guān)系,明確寫作的中心和主題。-4-2.謀篇布局圖表類作文常可使用三段式寫作模式。第一段:敘述所給圖表的具體內(nèi)容;第二段:分析圖表所述內(nèi)容產(chǎn)生的原因;第三段:得出結(jié)論,說明存在的問題或給出解決辦法,也可能會寫未來的發(fā)展方向。3.遣詞造句圖表類作文也可使用一些常用的句式。例如:The chart/table/graph above shows the differences between.and.From the chart/table/graph we can see clearly that.The chart gives us an overall picture of the.The first thing we notice is that.We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon.-5-二、幾種常見的圖表類寫作形式(一)數(shù)字圖表類1.基本結(jié)構(gòu)圖表類作文常采用以下三個步驟:(1)開門見山,點明主題。點明圖表所反映的主題或問卷調(diào)查的結(jié)果;或點明你要展開闡述的話題。(2)呈現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù),分析原因。呈現(xiàn)調(diào)查所得數(shù)據(jù)、結(jié)果,闡明必要的理由或原因;或分析數(shù)據(jù)間的主要差異及趨勢。要特別注意層次。(3)歸納總結(jié)或發(fā)表評論。此外,寫作時還要注意:(1)圖表和數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容不必全部描述;善于抓住總的規(guī)律、趨勢,歸納增減率;表示過去特定的時間用過去時,經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的情況或自己的評述用一般現(xiàn)在時;(2)切忌寫成“填表題”、“一對一直譯”、“句式單一”或遺漏要點。-6-2.語句模板(1)段首常用語The graph/chart/table above shows.From the above graph/chart,it can be seen that.As is shown in the graph,.It has been shown from the table that.(2)段中常用語There was a great/slight increase/rise in.The rate dropped slightly from 38% in.to 31% in.Statistics show a 20% rise/reduction in traffic accidents compared with last year.The population owning mobile phones increased by 10% in 2015.-7-(3)段尾常用語In a word/In short,.Generally speaking,.In summary,it is important.From what has been discussed above,we can draw the conclusion that.I suggest the government take effective measures to.Personally,I think.,for.-8-3.寫作模板As is shown/illustrated by the figures/percentages in the table/picture/pie chart, has been on the rise/decrease,significantly/dramatically from in to in .From the sharp rise/decline in the chart,it goes without saying that .There are at least two good reasons accounting for .On the one hand,.On the other hand, is due to the fact that .In addition, is responsible for .Maybe there are some other reasons to show .But it is generally believed that the reasons mentioned above are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned,I hold the point of view that .I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.-9-4.滿分范文最近,有關(guān)研究機構(gòu)對北京霧霾的主要起因進行了研究,結(jié)果如下圖所示。請你根據(jù)下表的內(nèi)容,為校報的英語專欄寫一篇稿件,介紹這項調(diào)查的內(nèi)容,并針對如何抗擊霧霾發(fā)表你的看法。注意:詞數(shù)100左右。 -10-范文:This pie chart shows what is to blame for fog and haze that has frequently hit Beijing since last year.As we can see,burning coal produces 40% of the pollutants and emissions and vehicles make up 25%.Besides,dust from construction and others accounts for 22%.And 13% of the pollutants result from cooking.The chart sends us a message:Air pollution is closely related to our daily life.When we consume fossil fuels such as coal and petrol,a large number of emissions are given off,which pollute the air.In recent years,as the number of private cars has been keeping increasing,air pollution is getting worse.It is clear that we should change our way of life to reduce the emissions of fossil fuels.-11-(二)文字圖表類1.基本結(jié)構(gòu)近幾年來高考文字圖表類寫作題以文字的形式給出提示,以說明文和議論文為主要體裁,并往往融合在應用文體中進行考查,一般分為場所路線介紹、事物介紹、方式方法或計劃安排介紹三大類。它是用簡潔明快的語言來解說事物、闡明事理的一種文體。主要特點是結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,文章多采用“主題主體結(jié)束語”的三段式寫作手法。寫作時應遵循以下幾個步驟:(1)仔細審題,明確說明對象,抓住要說明或闡明的事物或事理的主要特征。(2)選擇合理的說明或論證順序(時間順序、空間順序或邏輯順序)分層次進行說明,注意條理清晰。(3)選擇恰當?shù)姆椒?比如定義法、舉例法、比較法和細節(jié)描述法等,注意不要遺漏主要內(nèi)容。-12-(4)根據(jù)內(nèi)容確定過渡詞和恰當?shù)木湫徒Y(jié)構(gòu)。文字應客觀、簡潔、明了,不要追求華麗,也不要加入太多個人觀點?；緯r態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時,為強調(diào)客觀性,語言表述多用客觀性動詞,如seem,there be,maybe等;多用被動語態(tài),多用書面語、長句、復合句。-13-2.語句模板(1)表示方位、路線的常用語:.is located at the foot of/by the side of.,to the east of.and to the north of.In front of it is.,with.on its left and.on its right.Turning to the left,you will see.,behind which is.Walking past.,the building that appears in front of you is.Along the road are lines of trees,from which students can find shade from the hot sun.On your left lies a(n).,with all kinds of.in it.Next to the door against the wall there is a(n).,in which we sit to watch TV every evening.-14-(2)闡明事物的特點或優(yōu)勢的常用語:.is a new kind of.produced by.,which is.Made of.,it is light,small,and easy to carry.containing many top and new techniques.is famous for its excellent quality and reasonable price.China is a large country with a long history and large population.It is rich in natural resources such as coal and gold and has mild weather.Built in the 16th century,the castle has witnessed too much coming and going in history.-15-(3)說明做某事的具體方法的常用語:Nowadays it is common to use.,but not knowing how to use.As is known to all,it is important to.With the development of.,there is an increasing need for people to know how to.There are several steps to follow./Here are some tips.The first thing to do is.Although.is important,all the efforts you have made will be in vain without.To ensure success,there is one more thing that you must bear in mind,that is.With the help of the above methods,you will achieve your goal soon.-16-3.寫作模板 is a most effective to .(點明所要介紹事物的必要性)For most people,its almost impossible to .(介紹某事物對多數(shù)人的重要意義)It is really .(該事物的優(yōu)勢或顯著特點)With the functions of ,it enables us to .(該事物的作用)It can even .(進一步說明該事物的作用)Just imagine,all this can be done with .(說明該事物的重要性)A convenient tool can certainly ,but it doesnt always help .(承上啟下,介紹事物的另一方面)So .(結(jié)束語)-17-4.滿分范文假如你是李華,你的英國朋友John近期將來中國參加一個短期語言培訓。食宿被安排在你市遠大路的塔樓酒店。他來信詢問酒店的相關(guān)信息,請你根據(jù)以下圖示和信息給他寫一封回信。要點如下:住宿費用:每人每天200元餐廳供餐時間:7:30 a.m.9:00 a.m.;5:30 p.m.8:00 p.m.注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右;2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計入總詞數(shù);3.語言通順,行文連貫,可適當發(fā)揮。-18-Dear John,Im very glad to hear that you will come to my city for short-term language training._Looking forward to seeing you very soon.Yours,Li Hua-19-范文:Dear John,Im very glad to hear that you will come to my city for short-term language training.In your letter,you asked me something about Tower Hotel.Now Id like to tell you some detailed information about it.Tower Hotel is located on Yuanda Road.Go through the gate of the entrance,and you will see the high buildingTower Hotel,in front of which lies a beautiful garden.Behind the building is a swimming pool,where you can go swimming for relaxing.Near the swimming pool stands a dining hall,and there meals are served from 7:30 a.m.to 9:00 a.m.and from 5:30 p.m.to 8:00 p.m.-20-Last but not least,as to accommodation fees,everyone should pay 200 yuan per day.If you need further information,please enquire at the reception desk on the ground floor when youve arrived here.Looking forward to seeing you very soon.Yours,Li Hua-21-A AB B(2017江蘇卷)請認真閱讀下面有關(guān)我國電影票房收入(box-office income)的柱狀圖及相關(guān)文字,并按照要求用英語寫一篇150詞左右的文章。-22-A AB BSaturday Afternoon.In a Shopping Center.Li Jiang:Hi,Su Hua.Which movie shall we see?Su Hua:Whatever.Weve got so many choice,Kung Fu Yoga,Journey to the West.Each sounds great!Li Jiang:Yeah!And some movie stars are fantastic.Su Hua:And the high-tech!.Li Jiang:Perfect!Lets get some food first.We only have 20 minutes left.Su Hua:No hurry.The cinema is on the same floor.One Day in 2016.At Home.Son:Mum,shall we go and see a film tonight?-23-A AB BMother:Why bother?We can stay at home and watch films online.Its convenient with our new and faster network.Son:But it feels good in a cinema.Mother:And the price.We have to pay 50 yuan a ticket.Son:Only 10 yuan more than last year.Mother:But still we cannot get the moneys worth.Some films are just boring.-24-A AB B【寫作內(nèi)容】1.用約30個單詞概述柱狀圖信息的主要內(nèi)容;2.我國電影票房收入變化的原因有哪些,簡要談?wù)勀愕目捶?上述對話僅供參考,原因不少于兩點);3.談?wù)勀銓ξ覈娪捌狈渴杖胱呦虻目捶?并簡要說明理由?！緦懽饕蟆?.寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句;2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學校名稱;3.不必寫標題。【評分標準】內(nèi)容完整,語言規(guī)范,語篇連貫,詞數(shù)適當。-25-A AB B范文范文:The box-office income of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015.However,that increase slowed down in 2016.The reasons behind this are various.The fast economic development before 2016 was probably the most powerful engine driving the constant growth in the box-office income.The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase.However,China saw a decline in its economic growth rate last year.And the Internet increased options for movie lovers.Consequently,some viewers began to turn away from cinemas,leading to a slower growth.-26-A AB BChinas economy is expected to grow at a medium speed in the coming years,so an increase is possible in the investment of the movie industry and the number of quality movies.Therefore,its box-office income will probably enjoy a slight increase.-27-A AB B某英文報社從中學生中征集作品,題目為“How often do you get together and have dinner with friends or family in restaurants?”。假設(shè)你叫李華,請根據(jù)以下圖表內(nèi)容,按要求寫一篇短文。注意:1.詞數(shù)不少于100,開頭語已為你寫好;2.適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。-28-A AB BAs is shown in the chat, _-29-A AB B范文范文:As is shown in the chart,most of us get together and have dinner once a month,accounting for 37 percent,following which are those who do that at least once a week,with a percentage of 25 percent and those twice a month,making up 22 percent,while only 4 percent of us never have dinner with friends and 12 percent do that once a year.It can be concluded from the first top three percentages that the majority of us like to get together and have dinners.In my personal view,it is of great significance for us to have dinner with our friends,because our friendship will be strengthened and we can also get ourselves relaxed from the pressure of our work.