初中單詞各種形式的轉(zhuǎn)換.doc

名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化1. 絕大多數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，是在該詞末尾加上后輟-s。 例：friend friends cat cats sport sports style styles piecepieces2. 凡是以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的詞，在該詞末尾加上后輟-es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。 例：bus buses fox foxes match matches flash flashes3. 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞，將y改變?yōu)閕，再加-es。 city cities country countries factory factories 4. 以f、fe結(jié)尾的，把f、fe變?yōu)関，再加es，如：half halves knife knivesleaf leaves wolf wolves wife wives life lives thief thieves；5. 以o結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)：可以簡(jiǎn)單地記成有生活的要加es。加es，如：potato potatoestomato tomatoes hero heroes 加e，如：photo photospiano pianos radio radioszoo zoos；動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的變化規(guī)則（加"-s"或"-es"）1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting take-taking 3雙寫最后一個(gè)字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping swim-swimming4 以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把ie改為y ，再加ing，如：die-dying, lie-lying 動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則1一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2結(jié)尾是不發(fā)音的字母e，加d，如：taste-tasted3雙寫最后一個(gè)字母再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再加-ed，如：study-studied形容詞比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成1. 直接在單詞末尾加-er，如old-older, young-younger; 2. 以e結(jié)尾只加-r，如nice-nicer;3. 雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-er， 如big-bigger, thin-thinner;4. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，改y為i，再加-er，如heavy-heavier;5. 其它不規(guī)則變化，如：goodbetter數(shù)詞的變換 基數(shù)詞 序數(shù)詞 表次數(shù)1. one first once 2. two second twice3. three third three times4. five fifth four times5. eight eighth6. nine ninth 7. twelve twelfth 8. twenty twentieth 國(guó)家變?yōu)樾稳菰~或國(guó)人的轉(zhuǎn)換Australia-Australian Africa-AfricanAmerica-American Asia-AsianCanada-CanadianChina- ChineseEngland- English/ EnglishmanEurope-EuropeanFrance- French/ FrenchmanIndia- IndianItaly- ItalianJapan- JaneseMexico- MexicanRussia- Russian (復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則：中日不變，英法變，其余加s )動(dòng)詞名詞 表示人-er:beginner,builder, buyer, cleaner, dancer, driver, farmer, keeper, killer, listening, owner, player, printer, runner, swimmer, speaker, seller, teacher, traveller, winner, worker, writer-or: actor, creator, inventor, operator,sailor, visitor動(dòng)詞過去分詞為形容詞：break-broken, close-closed, lose-lost , marry- married, worry- worried動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞為形容詞：excite-exciting-excitedinterest-interesting-intestedsurprise-surprisingsurpriedtire-tiringtiredbore -boringboredrelax-relaxingrelaxedmove movingmoved名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞beauty-beautifulcolour-colourfuldifference -differentdanger-dangerousenergy - energeticfriend-friendlyunfriendly-friendshipfunfunnyhealth-healthy-unhealthy-healthilyimportance-importantluck - lucky luckily-unluckyhistory - historic/historicatradition-traditional-traditionally person - -personal-(名詞) personality個(gè)性nationnationalinternational nature natural physics-physicalweek weekly gold -golden wood-wooden month -monthly salt salty有關(guān)天氣的詞cloud-cloudy, rain rainy, sunsunny, snow snowy, windwindy, storm - stormy有關(guān)方位的詞: easteastern, west western, south southern, northnorthern名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞art-artist, music-musician, science-scientist, tour-tourist, piano-pianist, library - librarian形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞happy -happiness-(副詞) happily-(反義詞)unhappy foreign - foreigner busybusiness, freefreedom, ill illness, safe-safety-(副詞)safely sad sadnesssadly strange stranger true - truth (副詞)trulykind kindness否定前綴dis-:dislike, disagree, dishonest, disappear, disadvantage im-:impossible,impolite,impersonal, imperfectin- : informal, incorrect un- : unusual , unhappy, unfriend, uncomfortable, unhealthy, unlucky, unlikely, uncertain ir-: irregular 否定后綴：-less useless, careless, helpless,hopeless, homeless, countless