天津市高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 單項(xiàng)填空 專題三 形容詞和副詞課件

專題三形容詞和副詞專題三形容詞和副詞-2-考情概覽1.考查形容詞和副詞及其短語(yǔ)的詞義辨析。高考命題者對(duì)形容詞的考查主要是設(shè)置較長(zhǎng)的題干,考查在具體語(yǔ)境中辨析詞義的能力。對(duì)于副詞主要考查以-ly結(jié)尾的副詞,程度副詞和表達(dá)行文邏輯、起銜接作用的副詞。2.考查形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。命題者設(shè)置巧妙的語(yǔ)境,題干中信息含蓄,沒有明顯的標(biāo)志詞,考生只有理解句子含義,明確比較范圍,才能得到正確的答案。-3-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五形容詞和副詞的詞義辨析詞義辨析是高考對(duì)形容詞、副詞考查的一大熱點(diǎn)。解答此類題的關(guān)鍵是理解所給形容詞、副詞的詞義,認(rèn)真分析具體的語(yǔ)境,結(jié)合基本詞義、搭配等來(lái)選擇正確的答案。從近幾年全國(guó)及各省市高考試題來(lái)看,考查頻率最高的形容詞和副詞有otherwise,however,nevertheless,instead,merely,even,interested,interesting,yet,hardly,just,therefore,though,too,very,common,effective,either,ever,fair,seldom,always,rare,never,less,more,nearly,only,purposefully,rather,still,such,surprised,surprising等。-4-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五【典例分析】 (2017天津卷,3)I want to see Mr.White.We have an appointment.Im sorry,but he is not at the moment,for the meeting hasnt ended.A.busyB.activeC.concernedD.available答案為D項(xiàng)。句意:我想見懷特先生,我們有約定。抱歉,他現(xiàn)在沒有空,因?yàn)闀?huì)議還沒有結(jié)束。busy“繁忙的”;active“積極的”;concerned“擔(dān)心的”;available“有空的;可得到的”。故選D項(xiàng)。-5-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五(2016浙江卷,13)A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, if you are travelling at high speed.A.eventuallyB.strangelyC.merelyD.especially答案為D項(xiàng)。句意:突然制動(dòng)是很嚇人的經(jīng)歷,特別是你正在高速行駛的時(shí)候。根據(jù)句意,選especially “特別,尤其”。eventually“最后”;strangely“奇怪地”;merely“僅僅”。-6-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)四形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)1.對(duì)兩者進(jìn)行同等程度的比較用“as+原級(jí)+as”句型。當(dāng)as .as 中間有名詞時(shí)采用“as+形容詞+a(n)+單數(shù)名詞+as”和“as+many/much+名詞+as”的形式。如:This is as good an example as the other is.2.對(duì)兩者進(jìn)行不同程度的比較用“not as/so+原級(jí)+as”句型。如:He cannot run so/as fast as you.3.表示前者的程度超過后者時(shí)用“比較級(jí)+than”句型。如:Tom works harder than Peter.He is more diligent than his brother.4.表示前者的程度不如后者時(shí)用“l(fā)ess+原級(jí)+than”句型。如:This book is less interesting than that one.-7-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)四5.“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”可用來(lái)表示“越來(lái)越”。如:It is becoming colder and colder.6.“the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)”表示“越,就越”。如:The busier he is,the happier he feels.7.要注意對(duì)應(yīng)句型,遵循前后一致的原則。如:The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.(對(duì))The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing.(錯(cuò))8.要避免重復(fù)使用比較級(jí)。如:He is cleverer/more clever than his brother.(對(duì))He is more cleverer than his brother.(錯(cuò))-8-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)四9.要避免將主語(yǔ)含在比較對(duì)象中。如:China is larger than any other country in Asia/any country in Africa.(對(duì))China is larger than any country in Asia.(錯(cuò))-9-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)四【典例分析】 (2016浙江卷,18)I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend in the coming years.A.little more B.no moreC.much more D.many more答案為D項(xiàng)。前面提到的名詞events是可數(shù)名詞,因此不能用little和much去修飾,故排除A、C兩項(xiàng)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,“我”一直喜歡這些活動(dòng),應(yīng)該希望未來(lái)幾年繼續(xù)參加更多(類似的活動(dòng))。后半句補(bǔ)全以后應(yīng)該是I hope to attend many more such events in the coming years。故選D項(xiàng)。-10-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)四I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time there are meaningful things to do.A.lessB.moreC.the least D.the most答案為B項(xiàng)。less“更少的”;more“更多的”;the least“最小的,最少的”;the most“最多的”。句意:我認(rèn)為每天晚上看電視是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間有更多有意義的事情去做。故選B項(xiàng)。-11-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)四 特別提醒我們?cè)诮饪疾楸容^級(jí)和最高級(jí)的題目時(shí),分清比較的范圍是關(guān)鍵:(1)兩個(gè)事物進(jìn)行比較應(yīng)用比較級(jí),三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的事物進(jìn)行比較應(yīng)用最高級(jí)。做題時(shí)既要通過分析數(shù)量關(guān)系確定使用比較級(jí)還是最高級(jí),又要注意通過句意和語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行判斷,因?yàn)楹芏囝}目并沒有直接說(shuō)明是幾者進(jìn)行比較,而是把數(shù)量隱含在句意中。(2)若題目為省略句,應(yīng)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和語(yǔ)意尋找被比較的對(duì)象,然后確定比較的范圍。-12-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)四比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)前的狀語(yǔ)1.比較級(jí)前常用表示程度的副詞(短語(yǔ))做狀語(yǔ),常見的有much/a lot/a great deal/a bit/a little/still/even/far/rather等,但是very/quite/fairly一般不用來(lái)修飾比較級(jí)。如:He is much/a lot/a great deal taller than I.2.比較級(jí)前還常用名詞、數(shù)詞和倍數(shù)做狀語(yǔ)。如:We have a third as many students as we had last term.The river is three times as long as that one.3.最高級(jí)常用by far/much或序數(shù)詞做狀語(yǔ)。如:The population of China is by far the largest in the world.Africa is the second largest continent.-13-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)四【典例分析】 (2017天津南開區(qū)二模,8)How did you find your trip to Water Park in the summer of 2016?I thoroughly enjoyed it.It was than I expected.A.even much interestingB.far more interestingC.so far interestingD.far from interesting答案為B項(xiàng)。句意:你認(rèn)為你在2016年夏天的水上樂園之旅怎么樣?我非常享受那次旅行。它比我預(yù)期的要有趣得多。根據(jù)句意可知,空處表示“有趣得多”,形容詞interesting的比較級(jí)為more interesting,修飾形容詞的比較級(jí)可用far或much等,故選B項(xiàng)。-14-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)四特別提醒比較句型中用名詞、數(shù)詞和倍數(shù)做狀語(yǔ)時(shí),一定要把這些狀語(yǔ)放在比較級(jí)前或同級(jí)比較的第一個(gè)as前。-15-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)四比較級(jí)的否定1.not用來(lái)否定比較級(jí)時(shí),只陳述客觀事實(shí),即“not+比較級(jí)+than .”表示“不比”。如:Jim is not taller than Daming.2.no用來(lái)否定比較級(jí)時(shí),往往帶有感情色彩,對(duì)比較的兩者都否定,即“no+比較級(jí)+than .”表示“和一樣不”。如:The patient is no better than he was yesterday.Sunlight is no less necessary than fresh air to a healthy body.3.“否定詞+不定冠詞+形容詞的比較級(jí)+名詞”或“否定詞+比較級(jí)”表示“從未,未曾”,常常表達(dá)最高級(jí)的意義。如:This film is very moving.I have never seen a better one.-16-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)四【典例分析】 (2017天津高考?jí)狠S卷,25)Grandma does all her own shopping and cookingI have never seen aged person.A.an independentB.a more independentC.the most independentD.the more independent答案為B項(xiàng)。句意:奶奶自己購(gòu)物做飯,我從沒見過比她更獨(dú)立的老年人。否定詞加比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí)的意思,修飾可數(shù)名詞person且表示泛指,用a, 故選B項(xiàng)。-17-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)四常用連接性副詞1.besides“另外,此外”,表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。2.however“然而”,表示讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。常用逗號(hào)與句子的其他部分隔開。3.though“然而,可是”,表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。做副詞時(shí),用于句末。4.moreover“另外”,表示承接關(guān)系。5.anyway“無(wú)論如何,不管怎樣”,表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。6.therefore“因此,所以”,表示結(jié)果。7.meanwhile “在此期間”,表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。8.instead“相反”,表示動(dòng)作相反。-18-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)四【典例分析】 By accepting lower prices,organizers can sell tickets that would go unsold.A.thereforeB.otherwiseC.insteadD.however答案為B項(xiàng)。句意:組織者通過降低價(jià)格出售那些否則就會(huì)賣不出去的票。therefore“因此,所以”;otherwise“否則,要不然”;instead“代替,而不是”;however“然而”。根據(jù)句意選B項(xiàng)。-19-1.(2017江蘇卷,29)Only five years after Steve Jobs death,smart-phones defeated PCs in sales.A.controversialB.contradictoryC.confidentialD.conventional解析 句意:史蒂夫喬布斯死后僅五年,智能手機(jī)在銷量上就擊敗了傳統(tǒng)的個(gè)人電腦。controversial“有爭(zhēng)議的”;contradictory“矛盾的”;confidential“秘密的”;conventional“傳統(tǒng)的”。故選D項(xiàng)。2.(2017江蘇卷,34)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.But explanations are hard to find.A.alternativeB.aggressiveC.ambiguousD.apparent 解析 句意:恐龍的消失并不一定是由天文事件引起的。但是很難找到其他的解釋。alternative“其他的,替代的”;aggressive“侵略的”;ambiguous“含糊的”;apparent“顯而易見的”。故選A項(xiàng)。DA-20-3.(2017天津南開區(qū)四模,2)As economy is declining,jobs to the young continue to be scarce.A.availableB.convenientC.comfortableD.valuable解析 句意:隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的衰退,可供年輕人選擇的工作仍然很稀缺。available “可供選擇的”,與句意相符,故選A項(xiàng)。convenient“便利的”;comfortable“舒適的”;valuable“有價(jià)值的”。 4.(2017天津紅橋區(qū)上學(xué)期期中,6)Do you think Mr.Wang is a serious teacher?Absolutely.He tells jokes in his classes.A.suddenlyB.occasionallyC.rarelyD.frequently解析 句意:你認(rèn)為王老師是個(gè)很嚴(yán)肅的老師嗎?確實(shí)是這樣。他很少在班上開玩笑。由Absolutely及句意可知,此處應(yīng)選C項(xiàng),rarely“極少地,罕見地”。suddenly“突然地”;occasionally“偶爾地”; frequently “頻繁地”。A C-21-5.(2017天津紅橋區(qū)上學(xué)期期中,10)A man,called Kidul,in Indonesia,has kept awake for over 40 years.My God!How could he work or live a life?A.usualB.commonC.formal D.normal解析 句意:在印度尼西亞,有一位叫Kidul的男子連續(xù)四十年沒有睡覺。我的天哪!他是怎么工作、怎么過正常的生活的啊?normal “正常的”,與句意相符,故選D項(xiàng)。usual“通常的”;common“普通的”;formal“正式的”。D-22-6.(2017天津河西區(qū)三模,3)Considering the different demands of the students,the school has adopted a more approach to education.A.flexibleB.independentC.responsibleD.considerate解析 句意:考慮到學(xué)生的不同需求,這所學(xué)校已采用一種更為靈活的教學(xué)方式。flexible“靈活的”,符合句意,故選A項(xiàng)。independent“獨(dú)立的”;responsible“有責(zé)任的”;considerate“考慮周到的”。A-23-7.(2017天津河西區(qū)三模,9)Chemical pollution will bring about a threat to agriculture and food chain,and to human health.A.frequentlyB.significantlyC.steadilyD.consequently解析 句意:化學(xué)污染會(huì)對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)和食物鏈造成威脅,因而危及人的健康。consequently“結(jié)果,因此”,符合句意,故選D項(xiàng)。frequently“頻繁地”;significantly“顯著地”;steadily“穩(wěn)定地”。8.(2017天津和平區(qū)學(xué)業(yè)水平考查模擬,9)The film is really boring.It was Ive ever seen.A.most boring filmB.the more boring filmC.the film more boringD.the most boring film解析 句意:這部電影真無(wú)聊。它是我看過的最無(wú)聊的電影。由Ive ever seen可知此處應(yīng)該用形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾名詞film,且最高級(jí)前應(yīng)加定冠詞the,故選D項(xiàng)。DD-24-9.(2017天津和平區(qū)上學(xué)期期末,9)Mr.Black has made great achievements in science,but he remains and never talks about them.A.silentB.modestC.calmD.active解析 句意:布萊克先生已經(jīng)取得了很大的科學(xué)成就,但是他仍然保持謙虛的態(tài)度,從不提起這些成就。modest“謙虛的”,符合句意,故選B項(xiàng)。silent“沉默的”;calm“鎮(zhèn)定的”;active“活潑的”。10.(2017天津和平區(qū)一模,14)They carry out checks on milk products to make sure that they are of high quality.A.commonB.naturalC.ordinary D.regular解析 句意:他們對(duì)奶產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行定期檢查,以確保其高質(zhì)量。regular “定期的”,與句意相符,故選D項(xiàng)。common“普通的;共同的”;natural “自然的”;ordinary“普通的,平常的”。BD-25-11.(2016江蘇卷,31)His comprehensive surveys have provided the most statements of how,and on what basis,data are collected.A.explicit B.ambiguousC.original D.arbitrary解析 句意:他全面的調(diào)查已經(jīng)為這些數(shù)據(jù)是如何收集、以及在什么基礎(chǔ)上收集的提供了最明確的說(shuō)明。explicit“明確的”,與句意相符,故選A項(xiàng)。ambiguous“模糊的”;original “原始的”;arbitrary“任意的”。12.It was of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.A.carelessB.considerateC.patientD.generous解析 句意:邁克爾想得很周到,他通知我們他耽擱的事情,以免我們擔(dān)心。considerate “考慮周詳?shù)?體貼的”,故B項(xiàng)符合句意。careless“粗心的”;patient“耐心的”;generous“慷慨大方的”。AB-26-13.The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and _ review of the case.A.comprehensive B.complicatedC.consciousD.crucial解析 句意:警方?jīng)Q定對(duì)這個(gè)案件進(jìn)行一次徹底而又全面的審查。comprehensive“全面的,無(wú)所不包的,詳盡的”;complicated“復(fù)雜的”; conscious “神志清醒的”;crucial“至關(guān)重要的,關(guān)鍵的”。與thorough并列時(shí),comprehensive最符合句意。14.Im so to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.A.special B.superiorC.gratefulD.attractive解析 句意:我非常感激那些志愿者們,因?yàn)樗麄冏屛夷窃愀獾囊惶煊辛艘粋€(gè)快樂的結(jié)尾。grateful“心存感激的”;special“特別的”; superior “出眾的”;attractive“吸引人的”,C項(xiàng)符合句意。AC-27-15.Andy is content with the toy.It is he has ever got.A.a better B.the betterC.a bestD.the best解析 從he has ever got來(lái)判斷,比較的范疇是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上,所以應(yīng)該用形容詞的最高級(jí),并且形容詞的最高級(jí)前用定冠詞the,故選D項(xiàng)。句意:安迪對(duì)這個(gè)玩具很滿意。這是他曾經(jīng)收到的最好的玩具了。16.The girl used to be shy,but is getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.A.graduallyB.usuallyC.previouslyD.merely解析 句意:這個(gè)女孩過去很靦腆,但現(xiàn)在逐漸地積極參加集體活動(dòng),也更樂意表達(dá)自己了。gradually“逐漸地”;usually“通常地”; previously“先前,事先”;merely“僅僅”。根據(jù)句意可知選A項(xiàng)。DA-28-17.Did you enjoy yourself at the party?Yes.I have never been to one before.A.a more excitedB.a more excitingC.the most excited D.the most exciting解析 句意:你在晚會(huì)上玩得高興嗎?是的。這是我參加過的最令人興奮的晚會(huì)。“a+比較級(jí)+名詞”意為“一個(gè)更的”。這里比較級(jí)與否定詞連用表達(dá)最高級(jí)。18. Fitness is important in sport,but of at least importance are skills.A.equalB.reasonableC.fairD.proper解析 句意:體格對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)說(shuō)很重要,但是技能至少也是同樣的重要。equal“相等的”;reasonable“合理的”;fair“公平的”;proper“恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?。BA-29-19.The reason why her son is always thin is that he is about what he eats.A.curiousB.concernedC.particularD.crazy解析 句意:她兒子總是很瘦的原因是他對(duì)吃飯很挑剔。be curious about“對(duì)好奇”;be concerned about “關(guān)心”;be particular about “對(duì)挑剔”;be crazy about“熱衷于”。20.The final score of the basketball match was 93-94.We were only beaten.A.nearlyB.slightlyC.narrowlyD.lightly解析 句意:這場(chǎng)籃球賽的最終比分是93-94。我們僅僅是惜敗。nearly“幾乎”;slightly“稍微地”;narrowly“勉強(qiáng)地”;lightly“輕輕地”。CC-30-21.When a customer withdraws money from the bank,it is required to leave his signature.But how can we be sure it is ?A.absoluteB.alternativeC.academicD.authentic解析 句意:客戶在銀行取款時(shí)需要留下簽名,但我們?nèi)绾文艽_信簽名是真實(shí)的?absolute“絕對(duì)的”;alternative“可供選擇的”;academic“學(xué)術(shù)的,純理論的”;authentic“真實(shí)的”。根據(jù)but的轉(zhuǎn)折可知,銀行要求簽名為的是確認(rèn)取錢人員的可靠性,但我們無(wú)法確信留下的簽名是否“真實(shí)”。故D項(xiàng)正確。D-31-22.Do you have the time?Yes.But my watch is not very .A.efficientB.temporaryC.properD.accurate解析 句意:你知道幾點(diǎn)鐘了嗎?是的。但我的表不是很精準(zhǔn)。efficient“高效的”;temporary“暫時(shí)的”;proper“恰當(dāng)?shù)?合適的”; accurate“準(zhǔn)確的,精確的”。根據(jù)句意選D項(xiàng)。23.You havent changed at allyou still look the same as before.A.actuallyB.hardlyC.properlyD.exactly解析 句意:你根本沒有變,看起來(lái)仍然和以前一模一樣。actually“實(shí)際上”;hardly“幾乎不,簡(jiǎn)直不”;properly“合適地”; exactly“恰恰是”。根據(jù)句意選D項(xiàng)。DD-32-24.My teacher speaks English well indeed,but of course not a native speaker.A.as fluent asB.more fluent thanC.so fluently asD.much fluently than解析 句意:我的老師的英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得的確好,但當(dāng)然還是不如以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人講得流利。由于修飾動(dòng)詞speaks,故用副詞fluently;又因是否定句,故用not so .as .結(jié)構(gòu)。25.According to the data from Robbs studies,men produce slightly speech.But no sex difference in the reading task was found.A.clearest B.clearC.clearly D.clearer解析 句意:羅伯的研究數(shù)據(jù)表明,男性的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)更清楚一些。但是在閱讀任務(wù)中沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)性別方面的差異。這里是在男性和女性之間進(jìn)行的比較,故用形容詞的比較級(jí)clearer做speech的定語(yǔ)。CD