天津市高考英語二輪復習 第四部分 閱讀表達 專題二十 解釋畫線單詞或句子意思課件

專題二十解釋畫線單詞或句子意思專題二十解釋畫線單詞或句子意思-2-考情概覽此題要求考生結合主旨大意、整合上下文語境信息進行猜測,還要利用同義或者反義關系、構詞法和語篇文脈關系等理解生詞,猜測其含義。有些題目需要在較大的上下文范圍甚至理解整個語篇的基礎上進行猜測判斷,以此考查考生根據(jù)上下文理解詞匯或者句子含義的能力?？疾樾问綖榻忉屇硞€畫線詞、短語或者句子的含義。-3-1.根據(jù)上下文理解句子含義(2017天津卷)In the years of my growing up,Dad was strict with me.He made sure I made my bed and did my homework.He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party.I got so angry with him for laying down the law.I would scream,“ I hate you!” Dad would yell back,“Good!I dont care!” Deep down I knew he did.One time at a party,I drank too much alcohol and got so sick.I said,“ Call my dad.” Next thing,Dad was carrying me to the car.I woke up the next morning,thinking I would definitely be criticised.As expected,I got a roasting,but I now understand why I needed discipline.-4-Dad was 29 when he got his big roles in films.I had an early start at the age of nine with a role in a 1990s TV series,but it wasnt until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress.Like those early days for Dad,I faced lots of rejections.Working in such a competitive industry,Ive sometimes thought,“ I cant do this any more.”O(jiān)nce,after a trip to Hollywood,I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my bedroom painting,listening to Eckhart Tolles music and trying to find myself again.Dad sat me down and said,“Alice,I know its hard,but its all about persistence(堅持不懈).”-5-Now I get to work with Dad a lot,which I love.We are both passionate about acting,which comes from us being so interested in people.If it werent for Dad,I wouldnt be where I am today.Hes my biggest fan,and when you have that in your life you can go a long way.57.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?(no more than 5 words)I got/was criticized/scolded.由畫線部分所在句子前的“thinking I would definitely be criticised”及“As expected”可知,作者如自己所預想的那樣遭到了父親的批評/責罵。-6-2.根據(jù)定義猜測詞義通過詞匯后面給出的定義、同位語從句或同位語詞組、定語從句等來確定詞義。如果生詞在文中直接被句子或段落解釋,理解句子或段落本身就能推斷出詞義;構成同位關系的兩部分之間多用逗號連接,有時也使用破折號、冒號和括號等;定語從句在文中起著解釋和說明的作用,據(jù)此我們可以推斷出所修飾詞的含義。-7-【典例分析】.The job was strenuousshe could get to the end of a page,make a mistake on the last line,and have to do the whole thing again.For a number of years,Low also worked in the CNIB sound studio reading books onto tape.Three years ago,she took up proofreading(校對) at the CNIBs word factory.What does the underlined word “strenuous” most probably mean?(1 word)_Difficult/Hard/Tiring/Tough.根據(jù)破折號后面的“she could get to the end of a page,make a mistake on the last line,and have to do the whole thing again”可知,她可能進行到每頁的結尾了,但最后一行出了錯誤,那么她就不得不重新做一遍。由此可知,這項工作非常難,而且讓人疲勞。-8-3.根據(jù)邏輯關系猜測詞義在一個句子或段落中,有時會對兩個事物或現(xiàn)象進行對比或類比性的描述,我們可以根據(jù)生詞的反義詞或同義詞來猜測其意義。英語中表示對比關系的詞(組)主要有unlike,not,but,however,despite,in spite of,in contrast和while引導的并列句等;表示類比關系的詞(組)主要有similarly,like,also,as well等。在句子或段落中,若兩個事物、現(xiàn)象之間構成因果關系、替代關系等,我們可以根據(jù)這些邏輯關系推知生詞的詞義。-9-【典例分析】Born in 1949,Diana Nyad took an early interest in swimming as a sport and was a Florida State High School swimming champion.Like many young athletes,she had Olympic dreams,but a serious illness kept her from competing in the Games.The disappointment didnt stop her from going forward.Instead,she became interested in marathon swimming.A brilliant athlete,she was well-conditioned for spending long periods of time in the water.As a long-distance swimmer,she would compete against herself and the obstacles presented by distance,danger,cold,and exhaustion.What does the underlined word “obstacles” mean?(1 word)_Difficulties/Problems/Trouble(s)/Challenges.根據(jù)后面的“by distance,danger,cold,and exhaustion”可知,obstacle 意為“困難,障礙”。-10-4.根據(jù)上下文及生活常識猜測詞義我們可以根據(jù)文中與生詞密切相關的句子,對生詞進行合情合理且合乎上下文語境的推測,也可以根據(jù)生詞后舉出的有關例子進行適當歸納,猜測生詞的詞義。有時僅靠分析篇章內(nèi)在邏輯關系無法猜出詞義,這時就需要運用生活經(jīng)驗和常識確定詞義。-11-【典例分析】.People often ask me why we go to faraway places like Mars.My answer is simple:because were curious.We human beings do not just hole up in one place.We are constantly wondering and trying to find out whats over the hill and beyond the horizon.What does the underlined phrase“hole up”mean?(1 word)_Stay/Remain/Live/Hide.根據(jù)后面的“are constantly wondering and trying to find out whats over the hill and beyond the horizon”可知,這里的意思是不能總是待在同一個地方。-12-5.借助構詞法來猜測詞義英語單詞的構成方法主要有三種,即復合法、派生法和轉(zhuǎn)化法。英語單詞大多是由詞根、詞頭(前綴)、詞尾(后綴)所組成。詞根是單詞最基本的部分,表達單詞的基本含義。在詞根前面或后面加上前綴或后綴,可以用來引申或轉(zhuǎn)變原詞的意義。只要我們掌握了各種詞根、詞頭、詞尾的基本含義,那么就可以很容易地猜測出所構成的新詞的含義了。中學英語中常見的前綴和后綴有:super-(超),inter-(在之間),-able(能的),mini-(極少的,微型的),micro-(極微小的),re-(再,反復),co-(共同),post-(后),pre-(前),trans-(超越;轉(zhuǎn)換),under-(在之下;低于;不足),-hood(狀態(tài);性質(zhì);時期),-ish(如的;有點兒的);-proof(防的;不能穿透的),-scope(鏡),-ship(身份;資格;權力;性質(zhì));-some(易于的),-wards(向),un-(不;非),in-(不;非),im-(不;非),dis-(不),non-(不;非),-less(不;無),anti-(反;防)。-13-A AB BC C(2017天津和平區(qū)四模)Be careful what you say around your dog.It might understand more than you think.A border collie named Rico recognizes the names of about 200 objects,say researchers in Germany.The dog also appears to be able to learn new words as easily as a 3-year-old child.Its word-learning skills are as good as those of a parrot or chimpanzee(黑猩猩).In one experiment,the researchers took all 200 items that Rico is supposed to know and divided them into 20 groups of 10 objects.Then the owner told the dog to go and fetch one of the items and bring it back.In four tests,Rico got 37 out of 40 commands right.As the dog couldnt see anyone to get clues,the scientists believe Rico must understand the meanings of certain words.-14-A AB BC CIn another experiment,the scientists took one toy that Rico had never seen before and put it in a room with seven toys whose names the dog already knew.The owner then told Rico to fetch the object,using a word the dog had never heard before.The correct object was chosen in seven out of 10 tests,suggesting that the dog had worked out the answer by process of elimination(排除法).A month later,Rico remembered half of the new names,which is even more impressive.Rico is thought to be smarter than the average dog.For one thing,Rico is a border collie,a breed(品種) known for its mental abilities.In addition,the 9-year-old dog has been trained to fetch toys by their names since the age of nine months.-15-A AB BC CIts hard to know if all dogs understand at least some of the words we say.Even if they do,they cant talk back.Still,it wouldnt hurt to sweet-talk your dog every now and then.You might just get a big,wet kiss in return!-16-A AB BC C1.Whats the best title of the passage?(No more than 5 words)A clever dog.2.What do the underlined words “a border collie” in Paragraph 2 refer to?(No more than 10 words)A breed/A kind of dog for its mental ability.3.Why does Rico seem smarter than the average dog?(No more than 25 words)Because its a breed known for its mental abilities and it has been trained since the age of 9 months.4.What does the author advise us to do by saying “it wouldnt hurt to sweet-talk.”?(No more than 10 words)Be friendly to our dog./He advises us to be friendly to our dog.5.Would you like to keep a dog as a pet?Why?(No more than 25 words)Open.-17-A AB BC C(2016天津卷)Im a 34-year-old man,married,living in a nice house,and having a successful career as an educational consultant.But my life was not always so great.I had a learning disability from an early age.I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help.Still,I suffered the rest of my school days in public schools.My life improved remarkably when I discovered art.The art world gave me a chance to express myself without words.I went to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay(黏土).Here I learned my first important lesson:disabled as I was in language,I could still be smart and well express myself with clay.And my confidence came along.-18-A AB BC CI got my next lesson from rock climbing.It was a fun thing but I was scared at the start.I soon noticed it wasnt a talent thing;it was practice.So I did it more.After about five years of climbing,I found myself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall.I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time,you will get better at it.Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write.Every day I practiced reading and writing,which I used to avoid as much as possible.After two hard years,I was literate.Having gone through the long process with art,rock climbing,and reading and writing,now Ive got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown,hard,but interesting.-19-A AB BC C1.What made the authors school days difficult?(No more than 5 words)(His) learning disability.Or:Having a learning disability.Or:That he was learning disabled.Or:He had a learning disability.2.Why did art give the author confidence?(No more than 10 words)He could be smart and express himself with clay.Or:Art could help him express himself without words.Or:He could well express himself with clay/art.3.What lesson did the author learn from rock climbing?(No more than 15 words)If you enjoy something and keep doing it, you will get better at it.Or:The more you practice something, the better at it you will become.Or:Practice makes perfect.Or:Practice leads to success.-20-A AB BC C4.What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 4?(No more than 5 words)I could read and write.5.How does the authors story inspire you to overcome difficulties in life?Put it in your own words.(No more than 20 words)We should not lose heart in face of difficulties.If we work hard,we will find a way out.Or:The authors story tells me that I should be confident and practice hard to overcome difficulties in my life.Or:We should overcome our weaknesses and fears with courage and determination.-21-A AB BC CWhen my friends went to college in great delight,I restarted my senior high school life.My spirits sank.Surrounded by strange classmates,I felt like I was in a maze and was sorry about myself.There were some complex feelings in my mind.I was frightened,nervous and lonely.To make matters worse,I recalled my failure again and again,which put more pressure on me than I could bear.As a result,I was always feeling down during class time.My teacher found me spiritless.One day he asked me to come to his office and told me about his attitude towards life:we might suffer from mistakes,but its important to learn lessons from them.All the pains and the embarrassing things we experience are part of the process.So keep your spirits up!At last,he added,“If you are optimistic,things you want may happen to you!”-22-A AB BC CWarmth rushed through my soul.I suddenly found the sun shining again when I stepped out of his office.With the teachers help,I eventually got over my depression.From then on,I no longer bowed my head and began smiling to my classmates.I would put up my hand confidently in class and play with my new friends in my spare time.Meanwhile,I was gradually embraced by my classmates.Now faced with fierce competition,we all study hard because we know that every second counts.Moreover,there is an atmosphere of mutual trust and respect between us.I love my class;I love my classmates!-23-A AB BC CTo be frank,I still have a thirst for my dream university,but Im not afraid of failure because I can gain from it.With parents and teachers encouragement,Im quite certain of my success and Im sure I can fly high.-24-A AB BC C1.Why was the writer in low spirits at the beginning?(No more than 10 words)Because he could not go to college.2.What did the teacher expect the writer to do?(No more than 10 words)The teacher expected him to be optimistic.3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 5?(No more than 15 words)With the teachers help,he eventually got over his depression.4.The underlined word “embraced” in paragraph 5 means . (No more than 5 words)accepted/welcomed5.What does the writer think of failure now?(No more than 10 words)He thinks he can benefit from failure.