高考英語總復習 語法專題 三 時態(tài)與語態(tài)課件 北師大版

專題三時態(tài)與語態(tài)專題三時態(tài)與語態(tài)-2-基礎考法能力考法考法1考查沒有明顯的時間標志的時態(tài)和語態(tài)謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)與語境的關系非常密切,特別是在語法填空題中。語境能夠提示動作發(fā)生的時間和背景,暗示出動作的發(fā)出者和承受者的具體信息。而高考英語對動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)的考查則更加語境化,題干中多未給出明顯的時間狀語或標志詞?！镜湫屠}1】(2017全國卷)When fat and salt (remove) from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.解析:根據(jù)語境可知,此處應為一般現(xiàn)在時,主語fat and salt與動詞remove之間為被動關系,故要用被動語態(tài)形式,且主語fat and salt為復數(shù),故要用are removed?？挤偨Y提示信息沒有緊緊跟在空前后,而是通過全文體現(xiàn)。-3-基礎考法能力考法【典型例題2】(2016全國卷)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base,where ticket money helps pay for research.I (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre center.解析:句中沒有明顯的時間狀語,根據(jù)句意可知,這里說的是“我被允許”。根據(jù)上一句的時態(tài)為一般過去時可以確定此處填一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。allow sb to do sth意為“允許某人做某事”,此處用其被動語態(tài)形式。故答案為was allowed?？挤偨Y所給的提示詞allow在句中做謂語,再根據(jù)主語和allow的邏輯關系判斷語態(tài)。-4-基礎考法能力考法考法2考查具有明顯的時間標志的時態(tài)和語態(tài)此類題目通常有較明顯的時間標志詞,可能是明確的時間狀語,也可能是動詞、動詞短語等標志詞,而這些標志性詞匯是考生判斷時態(tài)的重要線索和依據(jù)。高考常考查的時態(tài)有:一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時等。(1)若句中出現(xiàn)always,usually,every day/night/morning/evening,sometimes,often等詞或短語時,通常用一般現(xiàn)在時,但有時也要依據(jù)上下文語境。-5-基礎考法能力考法【典型例題3】(2015全國卷)This cycle (go) day after day:The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.解析:冒號前為一個獨立的句子,故此處填謂語動詞。時間狀語day after day意為“一天又一天”,常與一般現(xiàn)在時連用。結合下句的時態(tài)可知,此處應用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語為第三人稱單數(shù),故謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。答案為goes?？挤偨Y由冒號后的句子中的謂語動詞warm up和cool off可知用一般現(xiàn)在時。-6-基礎考法能力考法(2)若句中出現(xiàn)yesterday,last week/month/year,just now,the other day,in 1997,.years ago,the day before yesterday等詞或短語時,則用一般過去時?！镜湫屠}4】(2014全國卷)In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland,Ohio.It (be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.解析:句意:1969年,位于俄亥俄州的克利夫蘭附近的凱霍加河污染嚴重。當時很難想象這條河能夠被清理干凈。根據(jù)上一句中的時間狀語In 1969可知,應用一般過去時。故填was?？挤偨Y提示詞為be動詞,考慮設空處在句中做謂語;再根據(jù)上一句中的時間狀語In 1969可知應該用一般過去時。-7-基礎考法能力考法(3)若句中出現(xiàn)look,listen,now,at present,at this moment,these days等詞或短語時,則用現(xiàn)在進行時?！镜湫屠}5】(2013北京卷改編)Hurry up!Mark and Carol (expect) us.解析:句意:快點!馬克和卡羅爾正在等我們。根據(jù)“Hurry up!”可知,此處用現(xiàn)在進行時。故填are expecting?？挤偨Y分析第二句的句子結構可知,句中缺少謂語;再根據(jù)標志短語Hurry up及句意判斷用現(xiàn)在進行時。-8-基礎考法能力考法(4)若句中出現(xiàn)then,at that time,those days等詞或短語時,則用過去進行時。(5)若句中出現(xiàn)tomorrow,next week,in the future,later on,the day after tomorrow等詞或短語時,則用一般將來時。(6)若句中出現(xiàn)for.,since.,lately,recently,up to/till now,over the past.years,since then等詞或短語時,則用現(xiàn)在完成時。(7)若句中出現(xiàn)by then,by that time,until then,“by the end of+過去時間”等詞或短語時,則用過去完成時。-9-基礎考法能力考法考法3考查主從復合句中前后時態(tài)的呼應(1)主句與狀語從句時態(tài)的呼應如果主句是一般將來時,那么在由when,before,until,if,as soon as等引導的表示將來的時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時替代一般將來時;若主句為一般過去時,則從句也用相應的過去時態(tài)。-10-基礎考法能力考法【典型例題6】(2015全國卷)It was raining lightly when I (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.解析:句意:當我正好在拂曉前到達陽朔時,天空正下著小雨。分析句子結構可知,when引導時間狀語從句,設空處在從句中做謂語,根據(jù)本句中的was raining可知,此處應用一般過去時。故答案為arrived。考法總結when在句中引導時間狀語從句,從句的時態(tài)應和主句的時態(tài)相呼應,結合主句的謂語動詞was raining可知答案。-11-基礎考法能力考法(2)主句與賓語從句時態(tài)的呼應當主句是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)或將來時態(tài)時,從句可用任何所需的時態(tài)。當主句是過去時態(tài)時,若從句與主句的動作同時發(fā)生,從句需用一般過去時或過去進行時;若從句描述的是一般真理或客觀事實,即使主句用過去時態(tài),從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。(3)主句與定語從句時態(tài)的呼應定語從句中的動詞應根據(jù)動詞本身所涉及的時間運用恰當?shù)臅r態(tài)。-12-基礎考法能力考法考法4考查一些固定句式的時態(tài)英語中有一些句式的時態(tài)常常很固定,如果題干中出現(xiàn)這類句式,考生應注意根據(jù)規(guī)則選用適當?shù)臅r態(tài)。如:(1)It is the first/second/.time that sb have/has done.(2)It was the first/second/.time that sb had done.(3)Sb was/were doing sth when.did.(4)Hardly/Scarcely had sb done sth when.did.(5)No sooner had sb done than.did.-13-基礎考法能力考法【典型例題7】(2013陜西卷改編)Jim (watch) a late night film at home when,right in the middle of a thrilling scene,the television went blank.解析:句意:吉姆正在家里看一部午夜電影,就在看到一個扣人心弦的場景時,突然電視機黑屏了。Sb was/were doing sth when.did.意為“某人正在做某事時,突然”。故填was watching。考法總結分析句子成分可知,主句缺少謂語,且空后有when.went.,結合語境,when在此有“突然”之意,考慮此處為Sb was/were doing sth when.did.句式,便可得出答案。-14-基礎考法能力考法考法1先“時間”后“選體”,確定時態(tài)(1)考生在做有關時態(tài)的試題時,首先要確定動作發(fā)生的時間:根據(jù)句中明確的時間狀語或是時間標志詞來確定時間;根據(jù)上下文語境,挖掘其隱含信息,弄清時間的先后順序,確定動作是發(fā)生在過去、現(xiàn)在還是將來。(2)對應不同的時間要根據(jù)以下幾點確定時態(tài)的“體”:動作是否已完成、是否反復出現(xiàn)、是否是正在發(fā)生或進行中以及是否是按計劃和安排要做的事情。-15-基礎考法能力考法【典型例題1】(2016北京卷)Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars.We (wait)here for more than two hours.解析:句意:打擾一下,你們在等著看哪部電影?新的星球大戰(zhàn),我們已經在這里等候兩個多小時了。根據(jù)時間狀語for more than two hours可以推斷,他們一直在等,而且說話的時候還在等,應該使用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。故填have been waiting。-16-基礎考法能力考法考法2分析主謂的邏輯關系,確定語態(tài)根據(jù)主語和謂語之間的邏輯關系確定動詞的語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)中的主謂部分除了明顯的被動關系外,還有特殊用法,如主動形式表示被動含義?！镜湫屠}2】(2014遼寧卷)Tai Chi (call) “shadow boxing” in English.解析:句意:太極在英語中被稱為“shadow boxing”。Tai Chi與call之間是被動關系,故用被動語態(tài),又因本句介紹的是一般事實,因此用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。故填is called。-17-1.(2017全國卷改編)Our caf (offer) a complete menu of lunch and snack options,in addition to seasonal specials.2.(2016全國卷)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable.offers考查主謂一致和一般現(xiàn)在時。句意:我們咖啡店提供完整的午飯和小吃的菜單,還有時令特殊食品。is考查主謂一致和一般現(xiàn)在時。句意:把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的。分析句子結構可知,該句中的主語為“Leaving the less important things until tomorrow”,故謂語動詞應用第三人稱單數(shù)形式,且由often可知應用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填is。-18-3.Medicine should (keep) in drawers children cant reach,and all cleaning liquids in high cupboards.be kept考查被動語態(tài)。句子主語Medicine與keep構成動賓關系,且情態(tài)動詞后要接動詞原形。故用被動語態(tài)be kept。4.This opening led to a cave,so the historians decided to have a look around it.The walls of the cave (cover) with ancient art.were covered考查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。分析該句結構可知,主語The walls of the cave和動詞cover之間是動賓關系,故用被動語態(tài);且此處表示過去的狀況,主語為復數(shù)。故填were covered。-19-5.So far efforts by individual countries (do) little to control the spread of terrorism.6.Sally (take) some courses at university,so she cant work fulltime at the moment.have done考查現(xiàn)在完成時。根據(jù)So far可知,應用現(xiàn)在完成時;主語為efforts。故填have done。is taking考查現(xiàn)在進行時。句意:薩莉在大學修著一些課程,所以目前不能全職工作。根據(jù)句意以及時間狀語at the moment可知,這里應該用現(xiàn)在進行時,強調動作正在進行。-20-7.In US high school,everything (record) and graded,including your grades on quizzes,tests and final examinations.8.Lincoln said,“Give me six hours to chop down a tree,and I(spend) the first four hours sharpening the axe(斧頭).”is recorded考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。everything和謂語record之間構成邏輯上的動賓關系,且此處表示一般性的描述。故用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài),即is recorded。will spend考查一般將來時。林肯說:“給我六個小時去砍倒一棵樹,那么我會用頭四個小時去磨斧子?！薄捌硎咕?and+陳述句”是固定句式,陳述句中用一般將來時。-21-10.To our great relief,the exam turned out to be not so difficult as we(imagine).9.I (wear) glasses since I was in primary school and I hate them.They make me look like a bookworm.have been wearing考查現(xiàn)在完成進行時。句意:從小學起我一直戴著眼鏡,我討厭它們。它們讓我看起來像個書呆子一樣。根據(jù)句意及since引導的時間狀語從句可知,這里強調動作發(fā)生在過去,而且一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且對現(xiàn)在有影響,所以用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。had imagined考查過去完成時。句意:令我們寬慰的是,考試沒有我們想象的那么難。從動作先后可知,as從句中的動作先于主句的動作發(fā)生,屬于過去的過去,所以這里要使用過去完成時。-22-1.(2016全國卷改編)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.2.Angela woke up early every morning to study a bit before class.3.The door cant be shut,so take all your valuable things with you.usingused考查被動語態(tài)。fresh vegetables和high quality oil與use之間存在動賓關系,故用被動語態(tài)。wokewakes考查一般現(xiàn)在時和主謂一致。由every morning可知,應用一般現(xiàn)在時;結合主語Angela可知,應用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。刪除be考查動詞的語態(tài)。表示主語內在“品質”或“性能”的不及物動詞,如lock,shut,open,sell,cut等,應用其主動形式表被動意義。-23-4.Even if it rained,the football match will take place without delay next week.5.Caroline is the very person who give me a hand when necessary.6.This is the second time that I visited the famous national park.rainedrains考查一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。主句是一般將來時,讓步狀語從句中應用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時,故應改為rains。givegives考查一般現(xiàn)在時和主謂一致。根據(jù)“Caroline is the very person”可知,此處應用一般現(xiàn)在時,定語從句的先行詞為person。故用gives。I后加have考查現(xiàn)在完成時。在“This/It is+the+序數(shù)詞+time+that.”句式中,that從句的謂語動詞應用現(xiàn)在完成時。-24-7.Instead of punishing me that day,my parents just hoped that I will never make such a foolish mistake again.8.Just then,a car stopped on the right side,and the driver was offered to help push our car to the roadside.9.Unfortunately,when my husband went downstairs,he found the machine broke.willwould考查一般過去時。由that day及主句的一般過去時可知,賓語從句也應用一般過去時。故將will改為would。刪除was考查動詞語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知,句子主語the driver和謂語動詞offered構成邏輯上的主謂關系。故刪除was。brokebroken考查過去分詞用作形容詞,做賓語補足語。 -25-10.Just now,Joanna is about to open the door for her son when the telephone rang.iswas考查過去將來時。句意:剛才,喬安娜準備去給她的兒子開門時電話響了。由rang和Just now可知,主句謂語動詞動作為從過去某一點時間看將要發(fā)生的動作,故應用過去將來時。-26-If you dont mind 1.(pay) for a plane ticket to go to one of the greatest party cities in the world,then Prague may be 2. excellent choice for you.In 3.(real),the most expensive thing youll have to pay for will be that ticket.Once you get there,you 4.(find) an affordable hotel room easily with breakfast 5.(include).Prague is a city where the beer is 6.(simple) cheaper than water.There you can taste 7. (fantasy) beers at very low prices and taste them to the fullest on the street or in a club.8. (be) you a fan of Irish music,you might visit Rock and Reillys Irish Pub.-27-There is enough room to get your groove(音樂節(jié)奏) on,as the people are always 9. a good mood.Youll be singing until you have no voice anymore,and have great quality drinks at a low cost.You dont need to book an accommodation near the center,as there is a subway train which will take you 10. you want to go in a matter of minutes.-28-.【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了世界上最棒的聚會城市之一布拉格。1.paying考查非謂語動詞。句意:如果你不介意買張機票去世界上最大的聚會城市之一的話,那么布拉格可能會是一個絕佳的選擇。動詞mind后要接動詞-ing形式做賓語,mind doing sth“介意做某事”。故填paying。2.an考查冠詞。此處表示泛指,且excellent的讀音以元音音素開頭。故填不定冠詞an。3.reality考查名詞。句意:事實上,你將不得不買的最貴的東西將會是那張機票。in reality是固定搭配,意為“事實上,實際上”。4.will find考查時態(tài)。句意:一到達那里,你就會很容易找到一個你負擔得起的、提供早餐的酒店房間。Once引導的時間狀語從句用了一般現(xiàn)在時表將來,主句要用一般將來時。-29-5.included考查非謂語動詞。此處為with復合結構,其中breakfast與動詞include之間為邏輯上的動賓關系,故用過去分詞做賓語補足語。6.simply考查副詞。句意:布拉格簡直是一個啤酒比水還便宜的城市。分析句子結構可知,空處修飾形容詞比較級cheaper,故要用副詞 simply“確實,簡直”。7.fantastic考查形容詞。句意:在那里你能以非常低的價格品嘗到極好的啤酒。空處修飾名詞beers,故用形容詞fantastic“極好的”。8.Were考查虛擬語氣。如果你喜歡愛爾蘭音樂,那你可以去Rock and Reillys Irish Pub。根據(jù)語境及句子結構可知應填Were。本句是虛擬條件句。其中,if從句用了省略形式,補充完整為:If you were a fan of Irish music。9.in考查介詞。固定短語in a good mood意為“心情好”。故填in。-30-10.wherever/where考查連詞。分析句子結構可知,空處引導的是一個地點狀語從句,且此處指的是“因為有地鐵會帶你在幾分鐘內到達你想要去的(任何)地方”。故填wherever/where。