高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第3部分 寫作素能培養(yǎng) 第12講 明確評(píng)分原則 避免幾種常犯錯(cuò)誤課件 外研版

英語外外 研研 版版寫作素能培養(yǎng)寫作素能培養(yǎng)第三部分第十二講明確評(píng)分原則，避免幾第十二講明確評(píng)分原則，避免幾種常犯錯(cuò)誤種常犯錯(cuò)誤 .評(píng)分細(xì)則 近幾年高考英語書面表達(dá)的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有了很大變化，由原來只要求考生把要點(diǎn)寫全(內(nèi)容全面)、寫對(duì)(錯(cuò)誤較少)，提高到要求考生寫好(使用一些高級(jí)詞匯和復(fù)雜句型)的高度鼓勵(lì)考生嘗試使用一些高級(jí)詞匯和復(fù)雜句型，對(duì)由此所出現(xiàn)的嘗試性錯(cuò)誤采取了較為寬容的態(tài)度(不扣或少扣分)。目前全國高考英語全國卷書面表達(dá)大部分采用25分制，評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下： 一、評(píng)分原則 1按5個(gè)檔次給分。 2先根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容和語言初步確定其所屬的檔次，然后以該檔次的要求衡量，確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。 3詞數(shù)不符合要求的，從總分中減去2分。 4評(píng)分時(shí)，應(yīng)注意的主要內(nèi)容為：內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)、應(yīng)用詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的豐富性和準(zhǔn)確性及上下文的連貫性。 5拼寫與標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是語言準(zhǔn)確性的一個(gè)方面，評(píng)分時(shí)，應(yīng)視其對(duì)交際的影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫及詞匯用法均可接受。 6如書寫較差以至于影響交際，將其分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個(gè)檔次。 二、檔次分配、表達(dá)要求和給分范圍檔次分配表達(dá)要求給分范圍第五檔(很好)完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。應(yīng)用了較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些許錯(cuò)誤，但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯所致；具備較強(qiáng)的語言運(yùn)用能力。有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。完全達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。2125分檔次分配表達(dá)要求給分范圍第四檔(好)完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。雖漏掉一、兩個(gè)次要點(diǎn)，但覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容。應(yīng)用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的要求。語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面應(yīng)用基本準(zhǔn)確，些許錯(cuò)誤主要是因嘗試較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯所致。應(yīng)用簡單的語句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。1620分檔次分配表達(dá)要求給分范圍第三檔(適當(dāng))基本完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。 雖漏掉一些內(nèi)容，但覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容。應(yīng)用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的要求。有一些語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤，但不影響理解。應(yīng)用簡單的語句間的連接成分，使全文內(nèi)容連貫。整體而言，基本達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。1115分檔次分配表達(dá)要求給分范圍第二檔(較差)未恰當(dāng)?shù)赝瓿稍囶}規(guī)定的任務(wù)。漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要內(nèi)容，寫了一些無關(guān)內(nèi)容。語法結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)，詞匯項(xiàng)目有限。有一些語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤，影響了對(duì)寫作內(nèi)容的理解。較少使用語句間的連接成分，內(nèi)容缺少連貫性。信息未能清楚地傳達(dá)給讀者。 610分檔次分配表達(dá)要求給分范圍第一檔(差)未完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。明顯遺漏主要內(nèi)容，寫了一些無關(guān)內(nèi)容，原因可能是未理解試題要求。語法結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)，詞匯項(xiàng)目有限。較多語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤，影響了對(duì)寫作內(nèi)容的理解。缺乏語句間的連接成分，內(nèi)容不連貫。信息未能傳達(dá)給讀者。15分不得分未能傳達(dá)給讀者任何信息：內(nèi)容太少，無法評(píng)判；寫的內(nèi)容均與所要求內(nèi)容無關(guān)或所寫內(nèi)容無法看清。0分 .考場(chǎng)作文常見的3類錯(cuò)誤 考場(chǎng)作文常見的錯(cuò)誤主要分為三類：詞匯類錯(cuò)誤、語法類錯(cuò)誤和漢語式英語。 (一)詞匯類錯(cuò)誤 考試時(shí)，我們很容易出現(xiàn)單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤和詞形變化錯(cuò)誤；而詞性不清和詞匯用法方面的錯(cuò)誤主要還是受漢語的影響。其應(yīng)對(duì)措施是在備考時(shí)要多注意容易拼錯(cuò)或容易出現(xiàn)詞形變化的單詞，真正用心去體會(huì)英語詞匯的詞性和運(yùn)用，對(duì)一些固定習(xí)語更不能想當(dāng)然地改動(dòng)。 1單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤 誤：Our English teacher is friendly but very strick with us students. 正：Our English teacher is friendly but very strict with us students. 2詞形變化錯(cuò)誤 誤：People throwed cans, paper, bags and so on into the river water. 正：People threw cans, paper, bags and so on into the river water. 3詞性不清錯(cuò)誤 誤：Doing a part-time job always effects study. 正：Doing a part-time job always affects study. 4詞匯用法錯(cuò)誤 誤：He opened the light after he entered the room. 正：He turned on the light after he entered the room. 5擅自改動(dòng)習(xí)語 誤：We lost the game, but we didnt lose our heart. 正：We lost the game, but we didnt lose heart.enviromentenvironment writenwritten happyhappily 4We must notice our pronunciation when we speak English. _ 5Just in the front of our house stands a tall tree with a history of 1,000 years. _noticepay attention to in the front ofin front of (二)語法類錯(cuò)誤 一個(gè)正確的句子除了用詞得當(dāng)外，語法也應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)確無誤。如果語法不正確，再好的構(gòu)思也難以正確地表達(dá)，語法錯(cuò)誤的多少會(huì)直接影響作文的檔次。英語寫作中語法類錯(cuò)誤主要表現(xiàn)在：時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤、非謂語動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤、主謂一致錯(cuò)誤、比較級(jí)使用錯(cuò)誤、多余的詞以及平行錯(cuò)誤等。 1時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤 誤：Children who raise in poor families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years. 正：Children who are raised in poor families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years. 2非謂語動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤 誤：Comparing with other countries, the country pays little attention to the pollution. 正：Compared with other countries, the country pays little attention to the pollution. 3主謂一致錯(cuò)誤 誤：My hobby is widespread, which include drawing, collecting stamps and so on. 正：My hobby is widespread, which includes drawing, collecting stamps and so on. 4比較級(jí)使用錯(cuò)誤 誤：With the development of transportation, the world seems to be getting more and more smaller. 正：With the development of transportation, the world seems to be getting smaller and smaller. 5多余的詞 誤：On one day, he went to the cinema. 正：One day, he went to the cinema. 6平行錯(cuò)誤 誤：Then I put my book under my desk, opening it and started looking for the answer. 正：Then I put my book under my desk, opened it and started looking for the answer.去掉had aream moremuch或去掉more happenedhappening 去掉into (三)漢語式英語 一般來說，英漢兩種語言既有許多相似之處，又有許多不同之處。在寫作時(shí)如果想當(dāng)然地去寫，會(huì)出現(xiàn)許多漢語式英語，其中主要包括：純漢語式思維和漢語式語序、句子成分殘缺、句子粘連以及搭配不當(dāng)?shù)取?1純漢語式思維和漢語式語序 誤：At this school studying, I really very happy. 正：Studying at this school, I am really very happy. 2句子成分殘缺 誤：There are many students dont support the project. 正：There are many students who dont support the project. 3句子粘連 誤：On the other hand, dogs are our best friends, bring us a lot of fun. 正：On the other hand, dogs are our best friends, which/and bring us a lot of fun. 4搭配不當(dāng) 誤：We walked a far way before planting trees. 正：We walked a long way before planting trees. 誤：Under the help of the teacher, I have made great progress in my English. 正：With the help of the teacher, I have made great progress in my English.We are impossibleIt is impossible for us expensivehigh byin或waymeans your letteryou 逗號(hào)后加and或themwhom .防范出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的2個(gè)措施 寫對(duì)句子是作文得高分的關(guān)鍵和保證，考場(chǎng)上要避免上述低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤，可采取以下兩個(gè)措施。 (一)確定主語 英語句子無論多長都有自己的主語(祈使句省略了主語you)。動(dòng)手寫句子首先要確定主語，其次要特別注意漢語與英語的區(qū)別。例如： 北京八月多雨。 誤：Beijing rains much in August. 正：It rains much in Beijing in August. 寫得很匆忙，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)書中滿是錯(cuò)誤。 誤：Written in a hurry, we found the book full of mistakes. 正：Written in a hurry, the book was found full of mistakes(by us) (二)確定謂語動(dòng)詞 英語中沒有動(dòng)詞就構(gòu)不成句子，但動(dòng)詞千變?nèi)f化，稍不注意就會(huì)寫錯(cuò)句子。在寫句子時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意以下幾個(gè)方面： 1注意及物與不及物動(dòng)詞的正確運(yùn)用。 誤：The living standard of the people has raised in the past twenty years. 正：The living standard of the people has risen/has been raised in the past twenty years. 2注意延續(xù)性與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的正確運(yùn)用。 誤：He has left his hometown for twenty years. 正：He has been away from his hometown for twenty years. 3注意一些不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。 誤：Many stars are appeared in the sky at night. 正：Many stars appear in the sky at night.areis hittedhit；driveddrove dodid或do前加should 去掉第二個(gè)are或students后加who It is very convenient for students to eat at school. 6It was Sunday, they all went for a picnic in the woods. _ 7Would you please meet my uncle at the airport because this is his first time visit to the US?_ 8While having our dinner, the doorbell rang. _ 9Recently our village has taken place great changes. _ 10Fishing is his favorite hobby, and he also likes collecting coins. _逗號(hào)后加so或wasbeing 去掉time Recently great changes have taken place in our village. having前加we are或the doorbell rangwe heard the doorbell ringing he also likes collecting coinscollecting coins also gives him pleasure 內(nèi)容包括： 1表示歉意；2.解釋失約的原因；3.請(qǐng)求原諒。 注意：1.不得在文中出現(xiàn)作者的真實(shí)姓名； 2語句連貫，詞數(shù)100左右。作文的標(biāo)題、開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 A Letter of Apology Dear Henry， I am really sorry_ I wont let things like that happen again. Yours， Li Hua 【求診病文】 A Letter of Apology Dear Henry， I am really sorry that I can not meet you at 7：30 last night. I do hope you didnt wait too long outside Xinhua Bookstore. On yesterday afternoon, I had to look after my younger sister until my mother returned back home. She was ill and stayed at the doctors so that she arrived at home very late. I ran all the way to the bus stop only finding the last bus had already left. I had to call a taxi, but it was already half an hour later. I was going to call up you, but I had forgotten my mobile phone at home. Finally, I had no choice but to go back home, disappointing and sad. I sincere hope that you will forgive me and we can be best friends as usual. I wont let things like that happen again. Yours， Li Hua 【診斷結(jié)果】 第句：_ 第句：_ 第句： On yesterdayYesterday; 去掉back或returnedcame 第句：_ 第句：_ 第句：_ 第句：_ 第句：_ 第句：_ 第句：_cancould 無 去掉arrived后面的at findingto find laterlate call up youcall you up；forgottenleft behind disappointingdisappointed sinceresincerely 無 附錄： 1閱卷老師公認(rèn)的高分作文主要有以下特點(diǎn)： (1)書寫工整，卷面清晰。 工整漂亮的書寫會(huì)使老師對(duì)你的試卷一見鐘情，不忍扣分。 (2)緊扣主題，重點(diǎn)突出。 既然是寫英語文章，就要符合英語文化思維，英語文章的特點(diǎn)是喜歡開門見山，不喜歡亂兜圈子。因此，要力求表述的每一項(xiàng)內(nèi)容都切中要點(diǎn)。 (3)層次分明，過渡自然。 文章段落層次分明(三段左右為宜)，內(nèi)容的表達(dá)符合交際需要，句子和段落之間過渡自然。 (4)表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確，用詞地道。 用詞貼切而無生搬硬套之感，句式靈活多變，富有活力和韻律，這是使文章脫穎而出的法寶。 (5)邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，發(fā)揮適度。 無論文章的文體和內(nèi)容是什么，在緊扣主題的情況下，有邏輯地組織材料，并適度地進(jìn)行細(xì)節(jié)描寫和情感抒發(fā)，會(huì)使文章更加鮮活化。 2閱卷老師不會(huì)給高分的作文主要有以下特點(diǎn)： (1)卷面凌亂，字跡潦草，書寫過小、過密，字母連寫嚴(yán)重，標(biāo)點(diǎn)不清。 閱卷老師首先會(huì)覺得該考生不認(rèn)真。在高強(qiáng)度的閱卷過程中，沒有誰會(huì)逐字辨認(rèn)書寫得亂七八糟的內(nèi)容，況且，評(píng)分原則中規(guī)定“如書寫較差以至于影響交際，將其分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個(gè)檔次”。 (2)有些試卷乍一看，洋洋灑灑，清楚工整，討人喜歡。但細(xì)讀起來，則會(huì)被搞得滿頭霧水。這類試卷的突出問題是：審題不清、層次混亂、句子殘缺、拼寫和語法錯(cuò)誤目不暇接。這種前后印象反差的沖擊，很難使閱卷老師筆下留情。 3部分閱卷老師的片語： (1)要想達(dá)到及格線(15或18分)以上，起碼要有幾個(gè)高級(jí)詞匯、句式和復(fù)合句； (2)不僅要點(diǎn)全，而且也會(huì)“說話”； (3)書寫很重要，書寫潦草難辨，內(nèi)容再好，也很難得四檔分以上。