高中英語(yǔ)第2輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題1 第8課時(shí) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣課件

單項(xiàng)填空單項(xiàng)填空 一一 1. The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they _. (2011四川卷) A. can B. may C. must D. should A考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：警察仍然沒有找到那個(gè)丟失的孩子，但是他們正在竭盡所能地尋找。can表示能力。may表示或許；must表示肯定；should表示應(yīng)該。 思路點(diǎn)撥思路點(diǎn)撥 2. Why didnt you come to Simons party last night? I wanted to, but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night. (2011重慶卷) A. could B. might C. would D. should C考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。此處would表示一種意愿。 思路點(diǎn)撥思路點(diǎn)撥情態(tài)動(dòng)詞【考點(diǎn)1】could與was/were able to的區(qū)別 Although the fire in the hotel was very big, they _ escape from it. A. can B. could C. was able to D. were able to DA的時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì)， C選項(xiàng)主謂不一致。could和was / were able to雖都表過去的能力，但后者還表達(dá)“付諸了行動(dòng)”的意思。 could一般只表過去的能力；若表示過去的能力得到了實(shí)施，一般用was / were able to, 不用could。 【考點(diǎn)2】表示“可能性”的can, may, must Liza _ well not want to go on the trip she hates traveling. A. will B. can C. must D. may D句意： Liza極有可能不想去旅行她討厭旅行。may well not很可能不，表示否定猜測(cè)。 It _ be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock. (2011江西卷) A. mustnt B. cant C. wont D. neednt Bcant “不可能”，表否定推測(cè)。根據(jù)前后句意思只能用cant。neednt“不必要”；mustnt表“禁止，不許”；wont表將來。 肯定推測(cè)一般用must, should, may/might或could(一般不用can), 其中， must的語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，意為“肯定”， should次之，意為“很可能，應(yīng)該”， may/might語(yǔ)氣最弱，意為“也許”。否定推測(cè)語(yǔ)氣不很肯定時(shí)常用may/might not或could not, 意為“可能不，也許不”；否定語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)時(shí)則用cant, 意為“根本不可能，想必不會(huì)”；用于疑問句表示驚異、懷疑的感情色彩時(shí)用can。 【考點(diǎn)3】“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done”的用法They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. (2011全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷) A. will B. can C. must D. should D should have done表“過去本應(yīng)該做而未做的”。句意：他們本應(yīng)該在午飯時(shí)候到達(dá)的，但是他們的航班誤點(diǎn)了。must have done過去一定干過某事，表肯定推測(cè)。can have done表過去可能性，“過去本有可能干”。 I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it. (2011江蘇卷) A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen Bmight have done表過去很有可能已做某事。而must have done 則表示過去一定有人做過某事。如果被別人偷走了，那么就不可能把東西弄回。will have done 是將來完成時(shí)。should have done 過去本該做而未做。 must have done表示對(duì)過去事情的肯定推測(cè)。cant / couldnt have done表示對(duì)過去所發(fā)生的事情所做的否定推測(cè)。 may have done表示過去所發(fā)生的事情作可能性推測(cè)。might / could have done表示對(duì)過去所發(fā)生的事情作可能性推測(cè)，或者表示本來可以做而事實(shí)上未做的事情。should / ought to have done表示本應(yīng)該做的事情而事實(shí)上未做，含有對(duì)對(duì)方的責(zé)備。 neednt have done表示做了本不應(yīng)該做的事情?！究键c(diǎn)4】特殊情況 John promised his doctor he _ not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since. A. might B. should C. could D. would D考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在語(yǔ)境中的特殊用法。句意：約翰答應(yīng)醫(yī)生不再吸煙，從那以后，他再也沒有吸過煙。由句意可知空格處表示意愿。 might 用作may的過去式，表示“可以，可能”；should 作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)”， 相當(dāng)于ought to; could可用來代替can說明現(xiàn)在的情況，提出請(qǐng)求、想法、建議等；would 用于過去情況，表示“愿意”， “肯”， “會(huì)”等。 John, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour? A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need Amust在此表示特定的語(yǔ)氣和態(tài)度，意為“偏要，硬要”。 1. can的幾個(gè)習(xí)語(yǔ) “can but 動(dòng)詞原形”表示“只能，大不了”。 “cant but 動(dòng)詞原形”表示“不得不”。 “cant help 動(dòng)詞ing形式”表示“不得不，禁不住”。 “cant too”表示“無論怎樣都不為過，越越”。 2. must有時(shí)表示 “偏要，偏偏”， 也可作名詞，意為“必須做的事情”。 3. should可作“竟然、萬一”解?！究键c(diǎn)5】shall的三種用法 1表說話人的意圖。在陳述句中主語(yǔ)是第二三人稱，表說話者給對(duì)方的承諾決心警告、威脅等。 2征求對(duì)方的意見或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為第一、三人稱的疑問句。 3表示強(qiáng)制。用于法令條約、規(guī)章中，意為“必須，應(yīng)該”。 Will you read me a story, Mummy? OK. You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. (2011陜西卷) A. might B. must C. could D. shall Dshall在此表“許可”。 虛擬語(yǔ)氣【考點(diǎn)1】虛擬條件句的三種基本類型 I _ through that bitter period without your generous help. (2011陜西卷) A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone A句意：沒有你慷慨的幫助，我就不可能熬過那段痛苦時(shí)期。此句為與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句子。Without your generous helpif I hadnt had your generous help. 從句用過去完成時(shí)，主句則用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)。couldnt have gone through表“過去不可能度過”。 1. 若與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用一般過去時(shí)(be通常用were), 主句謂語(yǔ)用“would (should, could, might)動(dòng)詞原形”。 2. 若與過去事實(shí)相反，條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用過去完成時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)用“would (should, could, might)have過去分詞”。 3. 若與將來事實(shí)相反，條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用一般過去時(shí)(be通常用were)或should動(dòng)詞原形或were to動(dòng)詞原形，主句謂語(yǔ)用“would (should, could, might)動(dòng)詞原形”?！究键c(diǎn)2】使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的幾種從句 Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined. I wish they _ always late.(2011北京卷) A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been Awish后有三種形式的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句子。此句根據(jù)前一分句where are the children？可知是在問孩子現(xiàn)在在哪里？因此對(duì)方才會(huì)說我希望他們不要總是遲到。 1. wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句和if only后的句子：表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，從句謂語(yǔ)用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；表示與過去相反的愿望，從句謂語(yǔ)用過去完成時(shí)；表示將來沒有把握或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，常用“would (could)動(dòng)詞原形”。 2. as if / as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句：表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；表示與過去事實(shí)相反，用過去完成時(shí)；表示將來的 可 能 性 不 大 ， 用“would (could)動(dòng)詞原形”。 若從句所說的內(nèi)容可能為事實(shí)，也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 3. Its (high / about) time后的定語(yǔ)從句：從句謂語(yǔ)通常用一般過去時(shí)或“should動(dòng)詞原形(should不可省)”。 4. would rather后的賓語(yǔ)從句：通常用一般過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?，用過去完成時(shí)表示過去的愿望。 5. 一個(gè)“堅(jiān)持”(insist)、兩個(gè)“命令”(order, command)、三個(gè)“建議”(advise, suggest, propose)、四個(gè)“要求”(demand, require, request, ask)后的賓語(yǔ)從句：一般用“should動(dòng)詞原形(should可省)”。 動(dòng)詞insist, suggest后的賓語(yǔ)從句除可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣外，也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣，注意區(qū)別。 6. Itssuggested, ordered, required, demanded等表示“建議、要求、命令”的動(dòng)詞的過去分詞that主語(yǔ)從句：常用“should動(dòng)詞原形(should可省)”。 7. “要求、建議、命令”等意義的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句：從句中的動(dòng)詞也用“should動(dòng)詞原形(should可省)”。 8. Itsimportant / necessary / impossiblethat主語(yǔ)從句：常用“should動(dòng)詞原形(should可省)”。【考點(diǎn)3】虛擬語(yǔ)氣的特殊情況1. 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句 Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. (2011北京卷) A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying C從句中含有then，可推知此句是一個(gè)與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句子，所以用過去完成時(shí)。而主句則用了與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的would be。句意：也許如果我那時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)了理科而不是文學(xué)的話，那么(現(xiàn)在)我就能給你更多的幫助。 所謂錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句即條件從句與主句所指時(shí)間不一致，如從句指過去，而主句卻指現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚藭r(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境，結(jié)合上面提到的三種基本類型對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。 【考點(diǎn)3】虛擬語(yǔ)氣的特殊情況2. 含蓄虛擬條件句 I knew my uncle _ no time. Otherwise he _ me company to go hiking. A. did have; would have kept B. had; had kept C. has; would have kept D. had had; had kept A本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。第一句說的是事實(shí)，故不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣， did 在此處表示強(qiáng)調(diào)；第二空表示對(duì)過去事實(shí)的虛擬，故用would have kept。 We _ Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. (2011江西卷) A. will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put Dbut for“要不是因?yàn)椤?。此句表示“要不是因?yàn)镴ohn最近受傷了，我們將會(huì)把他的名字打入競(jìng)賽名單里?！笔軅@一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，因此該句表與過去事實(shí)相反。主句用would have done的形式。 假設(shè)情況不用if從句來表示，而是用without, but for, otherwise, or, but等表示一種含蓄條件。表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐喾?，用“would (should, could, might)動(dòng)詞原形”；表示與過去相反用“would (should, could, might)have過去分詞”。 【考點(diǎn)3】虛擬語(yǔ)氣的特殊情況3. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的省略與倒裝_ in your position, I would go. A. If I B. Were I C. If was I D. If I am B該結(jié)構(gòu)可還原為： If I were in your position。 虛擬條件從句中若有were, should, had時(shí)，可將其提到句首，并將if省略。