湖南省高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第14講 七大實(shí)用解題技巧(一)課件

第14講 七大實(shí)用解題技巧七大實(shí)用解題技巧(一一) 完形填空通常首句不設(shè)空，目的是讓考生迅速進(jìn)入主題，熟悉語言環(huán)境，建立正確的思維導(dǎo)向。英語中首句通常是文章的主題句，把握了主旨句對(duì)于理解全文和解題很有幫助。 . 技巧一：首句信息例1：(2011廣東卷) It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. The _1_ is based on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by _2_ situation that has designed for the _3_ children. 1. A. principle B. theory C. argument D. classification 2. A. designing B. grouping C. learning D. living 3. A. smart B. curious C. mature D. average 本文主要講述有的人，主要是老師和家長，主張分快班和普通班及其理由。全文首句就點(diǎn)明主旨：人們一直爭論，有天賦的孩子應(yīng)當(dāng)編入快班。該句為下一句的第1、3兩題提供了重要的提示。 1. C由前句的argued可知(提出觀點(diǎn)，即論點(diǎn))，填argument(論據(jù))。(詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)) 2. C為學(xué)生(children)設(shè)計(jì)的當(dāng)然是“學(xué)習(xí)”情境。(詞語重現(xiàn)) 3. D與前面的gifted children相對(duì)，應(yīng)選average(普通的，一般的)。思路點(diǎn)撥思路點(diǎn)撥例2：(2011北京卷) I used to hate being called upon in class mainly because I didnt like attention drawn to myself. And _36_ otherwise assigned(指定)a seat by the teacher, I always _37_ to sit at the back of the classroom. 36. A. as B. until C. unless D. though 37. A. hoped B. agreed C. meant D. chose 文章主人公一直不敢想象自己有能力做某事，經(jīng)過老師點(diǎn)撥和幫助下克服自卑，并且學(xué)會(huì)了展示自己。 首句句意為：我曾經(jīng)討厭課堂里被老師點(diǎn)名，主要是因?yàn)槲也幌矚g將所有人的注意力都吸引到我身上。該句為下文的整個(gè)故事的發(fā)展做了鋪墊。也為下一句的第36題的連詞的選擇作了暗示。思路點(diǎn)撥思路點(diǎn)撥 36. C該句句首的And提示前后兩句應(yīng)為并列關(guān)系，前一句說我不喜歡被人關(guān)注，所以我總是選擇坐在教室的后排，除非被老師指定我坐某個(gè)座位。故選unless。 37. D此題學(xué)生最易誤選A項(xiàng)。hope to do sth. 希望做某事，僅屬于心里所想，而非事實(shí)，與首句邏輯不符。思路點(diǎn)撥思路點(diǎn)撥 完形填空主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)語境的理解。所以學(xué)生在做題時(shí)要有全局觀念，進(jìn)行連貫性思維，做題時(shí)要把每個(gè)空白處的含義與前后句的意思聯(lián)系起來理解，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷。難選之處通常前后多有暗示。這種暗示多為后面暗示前面。 一般來說，完形填空的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)形式完全相同，如都是動(dòng)詞原形、副詞、名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式等。所以要注意他們之間在意義上和搭配上的細(xì)微差異，形義兼顧。同時(shí)，一定要把這些選項(xiàng)放到特定的語境里進(jìn)行區(qū)分、判斷，從而選出正確答案。. 技巧二：暗示信息例1：(2011廣東卷) It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes I observed a number of _6_ children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a _7_ class. In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgement, In regular class, having no worry about keeping up 6. A. intelligent B. competent C. ordinary D. independent 7. A. separate B. regular C. new D. boring 6. A首句就已涉及gifted children, 從special class(快班)出來的應(yīng)是聰慧的學(xué)生，故選intelligent，與gifted同義。 7. B考查形容詞。答案可從下文的In the special class和In regular class得出的。思路點(diǎn)撥思路點(diǎn)撥例2：(2011湖北卷) In her second grade, Maja _31_ her cousin, Jasmina. After Jasminas death, Maja swore 31. A. lost B. visited C. rescued D. left 31. A下文提示。根據(jù)下一句中的“After Jasminas death”， 可知瑪佳失去了自己的表妹。 思路點(diǎn)撥思路點(diǎn)撥 語篇一般指比句子長的語言單位，如句群、段落、篇章等。語篇與語篇之間往往有表明其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞語，這些詞語被稱為“語篇標(biāo)志”。如表示結(jié)構(gòu)層次的語篇標(biāo)志語有：firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等；表示邏輯關(guān)系的語篇標(biāo)志語有thus, therefore, so等；表示改變?cè)掝}的語篇標(biāo)志語有by the way等；表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的語篇標(biāo)志語有besides, whats more, further等；表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的語篇標(biāo)志語有before, so far, yet, meanwhile, later等；表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的有but, while, on the other hand, although等。. 技巧三：邏輯關(guān)系 在做完形填空時(shí)，如果能充分利用這些語篇標(biāo)志語，就可以迅速理清文章的脈絡(luò)，弄清上下文的關(guān)系。. 技巧三：邏輯關(guān)系 例1：(2011湖北卷) but because it didnt fit well, walking for Maja was painful. _40_， she managed to graduate from a local high school. 40. A. Otherwise B. Therefore C. Besides D. However 40. D通過前后兩句的句意邏輯關(guān)系不難判斷二者為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用however。 思路點(diǎn)撥思路點(diǎn)撥例2：(2011陜西卷) He was still travelling quickly, but his wagons, _43_ the gold and valuables they had been carrying, were now full of farming tools and bags of _45_. He was rushing back to help them out of poverty. 43. A. except B. instead of C. apart from D. along with 45. A. food B. jewels C. money D. seeds 所缺的兩個(gè)空都屬于典型的通篇行文邏輯題。 43. B用表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的介詞instead of，表示the gold and valuables與此句后半句were now full of farming tools and bags形成對(duì)照。 45. D全文主旨是三位富豪各自以不同的方式幫助窮人，所以可以推斷，他所帶的是農(nóng)具和種子。思路點(diǎn)撥思路點(diǎn)撥 完形填空試題中，某一詞語常常重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在語篇之中。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)的語用意義是使得語篇中的句子相互銜接和連貫，從而構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整和有機(jī)的意義整體。在閱讀文章過程中，有時(shí)也會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一些與選項(xiàng)意義緊密相連的同義詞或近義詞。因此要學(xué)會(huì)充分利用這些詞提供的有效信息合理地推測(cè)判斷，選出正確答案。. 技巧四：原詞復(fù)現(xiàn) (2011江蘇卷) _39_ as high as he could, but even at his tallest _40_ he was unable to touch it. at the top of each jump stretching his arms to 39. A. expanding B. stretching C. swinging D. pulling 40. A. strength B. length C. range D. height 39. B原詞下文復(fù)現(xiàn)。該詞在本段第42題后用到。40. D同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。句中首先用到副詞high, 此處需用其名詞形式。 思路點(diǎn)撥思路點(diǎn)撥