高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)（自主復(fù)習(xí)+考點演練+真題集訓(xùn)）語法篇 從句類 第1節(jié) 名詞性從句課件

第一節(jié)名詞性從句1.(2013湖南，28)Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory. A. how B. that C. which D. where【解析】B句意：不要讓任何失敗使你一蹶不振，因為你永遠不能說你離勝利有多近。how修飾close，引導(dǎo)賓語從句，其他連接詞不符合。 2.(2013山東，28)_ I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start. A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whoever D. However 【解析】B句意：無論我何時作演講，在開始前我都極其緊張。whenever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，其他連詞不符合。3.(2013陜西，20)It remains to be seen _ the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice. A. that B. which C. what D. whether【解析】D句意：新成立的委員會的政策是否能付諸實踐還有待于看。whether引導(dǎo)名詞性從句作主語。4.(2013安徽，21)From space, the earth looks blue. This is _ about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water. A. why B. how C. because D. whether【解析】C句意：從太空看去，地球是藍色的，這是因為地球大約71%的表面覆蓋著水。because引導(dǎo)表語從句，表示原因。5.(2013浙江，16)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field. A. how B. that C. which D. whether【解析】B句意：最高層面成功的唯一辦法是擁有全部的信念：你比運動場上其他人都要好。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋說明belief的內(nèi)容。6.(2013江西，30)_ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. A. Whoever B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Wherever【解析】C句意：無論你們哪一個打壞了窗戶都要出錢賠償。whichever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句作主語，表示“無論哪一個”。7.(2012天津，9)It doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park. A. whether B. how C. if D. when【解析】A句意：你在十字路口往右拐還是往左拐都無關(guān)緊要兩條路都通往公園。根據(jù)題意及or可知此處用whetheror(是還是)。if一般不引導(dǎo)主語從句。8.(2012福建，35)We promise _ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever【解析】C句意：我們許諾給參加聚會的人一個同電影明星照相的機會。whoever相當于anyone who，強調(diào)任何一個人，比who更符合題意。故C項正確。9.(2012遼寧，34)The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about Mark Twain. A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichever【解析】C句意：這個新來的人前幾天到圖書館去尋找他能找到的關(guān)于馬克吐溫的東西。空格處需引導(dǎo)賓語從句作介詞for的賓語，同時要作find的賓語，故排除A和B選項；然后根據(jù)句意表示“無論什么東西”，故選C。10.(2012山東，25)It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. A. how B. whether C. what D. why【解析】B句意：在這家商店你用現(xiàn)金支付還是刷卡都可以。本題為常見的“It doesnt matter 主語從句”句型，從句不缺名詞性成分，故排除C，由whetheror搭配可知選B。 11.(2012安徽，27)The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but _ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. A. where B. whether C. that D. why【解析】B句意：一般說來，一個人的智力極限在出生時就決定了，但是他是否能達到這些極限將取決于他的環(huán)境。分析but后的分句句意可知，該主語從句中不缺少成分，且要表達“是否”之意，故用whether；where在主語從句中作地點狀語；that引導(dǎo)主語從句時沒有具體意思，不作成分只起連接作用；why在主語從句中作原因狀語。根據(jù)題意選B。 12.(2012北京，24)Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently. A. why B. how C. that D. whether【解析】C本題句意：杰里不后悔所給出的評論，但感覺本來可以用不同的方式表達。從句中不缺少任何成分，句意完整，故選C。A和B在句中作狀語，whether意為“是否”。13.(2012全國新課標，24)It is by no means clear _ the president can do to end the strike. A. how B. which C. that D. what【解析】D本題考查主語從句。句意：根本不清楚總統(tǒng)能做什么來結(jié)束罷工。根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容可知，what引導(dǎo)主語從句并在其中作動詞do的賓語，符合題意；how在句中作方式狀語；which意為“哪一個，哪一些”；that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時不作成分，均不符合語境，故排除。14.(2012陜西，20)As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you best. A. whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever【解析】B本題考查賓語從句。句意：提供給你多達5門課程，你可以自由選擇最適合你的課程。賓語從句中缺少主語，故排除C、D兩項。因為前面已提到有5門課程，是有范圍的，故用whichever，而whatever是沒有范圍的，不符合題意。15.(2012浙江，4)I made a promise to myself _ this year, my first year in high school, would be different. A. whether B. what C. that D. how【解析】C本題考查同位語從句。句意：我自己許諾，今年，我在高中的第一年，會不平凡。本句是同位語從句，說明promise的內(nèi)容。且從句中不缺少句子成分，故用that引導(dǎo)。16.(2012湖南，26)Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter _ you have lived there for a short or a long time. A. why B. how C. whether D. when【解析】C句意：村子里的人都很友好，所以你住在那里時間長還是短都沒關(guān)系。it是形式主語，真正的主語是whether引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。17.(2011江蘇，26)It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner. A. that B. how C. when D. why【解析】D句意：那個人為什么沒有早報告這起交通事故的原因還不清楚。分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知，it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的從句。又由句意可知此處主語從句用why引導(dǎo)，故D項正確。18.(2011湖南，31)Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _ the problem itself is. A. what B. that C. which D. why【解析】A句意：在一個問題被解決之前，必須弄清問題本身是什么。在it must be obvious the problem itself is這一句中，it為形式主語，_ the problem itself is是真正的主語從句，從句缺少表語，故用what引導(dǎo)?？键c一：主語從句在復(fù)合句中作主語，常見的引導(dǎo)詞有：連接代詞what，who，which等；連接副詞when，why，how，where；連接詞that，whether。What young people see and hear in the media helps them to figure out how the world works.1that引導(dǎo)的主語從句也可用“it”作形式主語，將從句放在句末。如：That light travels in straight lines is known to us all.Its known to us all that light travels in straight lines.光沿著直線運行，這是眾所周知的。2wh引導(dǎo)的主語從句。如：Where we will go hasnt been decided.我們要去哪兒還沒有定下來。3it作形式主語的幾個重要句型結(jié)構(gòu)(1)It is/was名詞that從句It is a pity that she didnt come to the party.可惜她沒來參加聚會?？捎糜诖司湫偷拿~還有：shame，wonder，fact，honor，question等。(2)It is/wasadj.that從句It is certain that he will pass the final examination.他肯定能通過期末考試?？捎糜诖司湫偷男稳菰~還有uncertain，sure，doubt，clear，better，important，necessary，possible，likely等，這類主語從句中，謂語動詞多用“should動詞原形”或省去should，只用動詞原形。如：It is necessary that we(should) have a good knowledge of basic English.我們掌握好英語基礎(chǔ)知識是必要的。(3)It is/was過去分詞that從句It is said/reported/thought/believed意為“據(jù)說/報道/認為/相信”(4)It不及物動詞that從句It seems/happens/appears/turns out/doesnt matterthatIt seems that he has known the secret.他似乎已經(jīng)知道了那個秘密?？键c二：表語從句在復(fù)合句中系動詞之后的從句叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)詞有連接詞：that，whether；連接代詞：what，who等；連接副詞：when，where，why，how。After ten years absence she came back, only to find her old house was not what it used to be.1that引導(dǎo)的表語從句中，that不能省略，如：The fact is that we have lost the game.事實是我們沒有贏得比賽。2主語是reason時，表語從句常用that引導(dǎo)，而不用because。如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the bus.他遲到的原因是錯過了公交車。3as if，because，as有時也可以引導(dǎo)表語從句。如：Things were not as they seemed to be.情況并不是看上去的那個樣子。It looks as if it were going to rain.天看起來像要下雨似的。考點三：賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作動詞和介詞的賓語的句子叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)詞有連接詞：that，whether，if；連接副詞：when，where，why，how等；連接代詞：what，who，whose等。Tom eagerly finished up what was left of the chicken pie.1that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，that一般可省，但由and/but連接的兩個that賓語從句時，第一個that可省，第二個that不可省。如：He said(that) the meeting was very important and that we should attend it.他說會議很重要并要求我們參加。2賓語從句中的時態(tài)問題：如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句可以用它所需要的任何時態(tài)；如果主句不是一般現(xiàn)在時，主、從句時態(tài)上要一致；表示客觀事實、真理的從句一般用現(xiàn)在時。如：You cant imagine how excited they were when they received these nice presents.你想象不到當他們收到這么好的禮物時是多么激動。Our teacher told us the earth is running around the sun.我們老師告訴我們地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。3賓語從句中使用陳述語序。如：Can you tell me what is the matter with you?你能告訴我你怎么了嗎？Can you tell me what the problem is?你能告訴我有什么問題嗎？4接雙賓語的動詞賓語的從句，句前要有間接賓語；接復(fù)合賓語的動詞的賓語從句，從句后有賓補，要使用形式賓語it，將從句放到賓補之后。如：He never told me what I should do.他從未告訴我該做什么。I thought it was strange that he failed to call me.我覺得奇怪的是他沒打電話給我。5形容詞后的賓語從句be aware/certain/afraid/confident/anxious/doubtful thatI am confident that I can get the job.我有信心我可以得到這份工作。6在動詞think，believe，guess，suppose，be sure，be afraid等詞之后的賓語從句，主句的否定是從句否定的轉(zhuǎn)移，主句為第一人稱，反意疑問句要依照賓語從句的人稱、時態(tài)提問。如：I dont think you are right，are you？(不可能是I dont think you are right，do I? I dont think只是起緩和語氣的作用，主要意思在從句上。)7賓語從句的其他要點(1)除少數(shù)介詞( except，but，in)外，that引導(dǎo)的從句一般不直接作介詞的賓語。如果作其他介詞的賓語，需用it作形式賓語，而把that從句后置。I know nothing about my new neighbour except that he used to work in a company.對于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他一無所知。You may depend on it that I shall always help you.請你相信我，我總會幫助你的。(2)動詞doubt用在疑問句或否定句時，其后的賓語從句常用that作連接詞；用在肯定句時，連詞用whether或if。I dont doubt that our team will win.我相信我們隊會獲勝是沒有疑問的。I doubt whether/if he is at home.我懷疑他是否在家。考點四：同位語從句在名詞的后面，對前面的名詞進行解釋、說明的從句叫同位語從句。引導(dǎo)詞主要是連接詞that，間或用why，where等。There is much chance that Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.同位語從句前面的名詞往往是需要進一步解釋說明其具體內(nèi)容的。如：news，fact，idea，hope，wish，promise，reason，doubt，belief，suggestion，advice，question，probability等。There is a feeling in me that well never know what a UFO isnot ever.我有一種感覺：我們永遠不會知道，以前也不知道，什么是不明飛行物?？键c五：名詞性從句的其他要點1連接詞的選擇從下表可以看出，連接詞的選擇主要是依據(jù)其意義和在從句中的成分而決定的。另外，that只有在動詞賓語從句中可以省略，其他從句中一般不能省略。2.whether和if在名詞性從句中的區(qū)別(1)引導(dǎo)賓語從句一般可以通用，但介詞后只用whether。(2)引導(dǎo)主語從句時，if不能用于句首。但it作形式主語時，whether和if均可引導(dǎo)主語從句。如：Whether we will attend the lecture has not been decided.我們是否將參加那個演講還沒確定。Its still uncertain whether/if he is coming.他是否會來還沒確定。(3)非肯定主句的賓語從句連接詞用whether/if，肯定的主句則只能用that引導(dǎo)。sb. doubt/be not sure/be uncertain/be doubtful whether/ifsb. doesnt doubt/be sure/be certain/be not doubtful that如：I doubt whether/if he will come and help us tomorrow.We dont doubt that they can complete the task ahead of time.3名詞性關(guān)系從句名詞性關(guān)系從句實際上是先行詞與其后的定語從句的結(jié)合。what是最常用的引導(dǎo)名詞性關(guān)系從句的關(guān)系代詞，此時whatthe thing(s) which/that，有時what可以用作前置定語，如what help，what funny stories等。此外，whoeveranyone who；whicheveranyone/anything that(whichever也可指人)；whateveranything that(whichever和whatever也可作定語)。有時wherethe place where和whenthe time when也可以用來引導(dǎo)名詞性關(guān)系從句。(1)主語從句。如：What (The thing which/that) they need is a good textbook.他們需要的是一本好課本。Whichever book (Any book that) he bought would be paid for.無論他買了哪一本書都要(替他)付款。(2)賓語從句。如：We shall not forget when(the time when) the meeting will open.我們不會忘記開會的時間。She will give whoever(anyone who) needs help a warm support.凡是需要幫助的人，她都會給予熱情的支持。She walked up to where(the place where)he stood.她走到他站著的地方。(作介詞賓語)I can judge by what(the things that)I know of him.我可以根據(jù)我對他的了解來判斷。(作介詞賓語)You can write about whatever topic(any topic that) you prefer.你可以寫你喜歡寫的任何題目。(作介詞賓語)(3)表語從句。如：This is where our problem lies.這就是我們的問題所在。Tomorrow is when it would be most convenient.明天是最方便的時候。(4)同位語從句。如：I gave the girl a big doll，exactly what she longed to have.我給了這個女孩一個大洋娃娃，那正是她渴望擁有的東西。(5)名詞性關(guān)系從句還可以作賓語補足語。如：He has made the company what it is today.他把公司辦成了今天這個樣子。4名詞性從句的幾個難點(1) whever與no matter wh的用法區(qū)別whever既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，又可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；而no matter wh只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如：Whatever I said, he wouldnt listen to me.No matter what I said，he wouldnt listen to me.無論我說什么，他都不會聽我的。(讓步狀語從句)He would believe whatever I said.我說什么他都信。(賓語從句)(2)that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，應(yīng)該在某些抽象名詞之后，如：fact，hope，desire，thought等，對前面的名詞起補充說明的作用，連詞that只起引導(dǎo)同位語從句的作用，在從句中不充當任何成分，因此that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句是完整的，不缺任何成分。關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句時，關(guān)系代詞that一方面起引導(dǎo)定語從句的作用；另一方面，that在定語從句中充當主語、賓語或表語。因此，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句是殘缺的。如：The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.(同位語從句，不缺任何成分)The news(that) we heard on the radio was not true.(定語從句，缺少賓語)