高三英語暑假一輪復習 基礎(chǔ)知識自測 Unit 4 Earthquakes課件 新人教版必修1

Unit 4一單詞拼寫一單詞拼寫 請根據(jù)給出的讀音、詞性和詞義寫出下列請根據(jù)給出的讀音、詞性和詞義寫出下列單詞。單詞。1. _ bE:st v. 爆裂，爆發(fā)爆裂，爆發(fā)2. _ ruin n. &v.廢墟，毀滅廢墟，毀滅3. _ iks5tri:m adj. 極端的，極度的極端的，極度的4._ 5indVE v. 損害，傷害損害，傷害5._ dis5trCi vt. 破壞，毀壞破壞，毀壞6. _5ju:slis adj. 無用的，無效的無用的，無效的7. _FCk n. & vt. 震驚，震動震驚，震動8. _5reskju: n. & v. 援救援救9. _5fraitn vt. 使驚嚇使驚嚇10. _dVQdV v. & n. 判斷，法官判斷，法官burstruinextremeinjuredestroy useless shockrescuefrightenjudge 11. _ iks5pres vt. 表達表達12. _ 5sQfEriN n. 苦難，苦難， 痛苦痛苦13. _ sin5siEli adv. 真誠地，真摯地真誠地，真摯地14. _ 5beri vt. 埋葬，掩埋埋葬，掩埋15._trAp n. & vt. 陷阱，使陷阱，使 陷入困境陷入困境16. _ sE5vaivE n. 幸存者幸存者17. _ Ilek5trIsItI n. 電電18. _ di5zB:stE n.災難，災禍災難，災禍19. _ kEn7rAtju5leiFEn n. 祝賀祝賀20._ kE5nAl n.運河，水道運河，水道canal expresssufferingsincerely bury trap survivorelectricitydisaster congratulation 二單詞運用二單詞運用 根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義，在空格處根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義，在空格處填入一個恰當?shù)膯卧~。填入一個恰當?shù)膯卧~。1. A lot of pipes _and tens of thousands of house were _ in the earthquake.2. The _ weather _ _the natives a lot of whom were _3. Cars were _ as almost all roads and bridges were _. People were _as no one came to their_ after disaster happened.4. The plaintiffs _their gratitude to the _ who extended justice for them.judges burstruinedextremeshockedinjureduselessdestroyedfrightenedrescue expressed5. He was one of the _ in the earthquake. (survive)6. Suez _ is controlled by Egypt.7. Without _, our world would become dark and totally different. (electrical)8. We all show sympathy with him who has experienced so many _ (suffer)9. I would like to express my _ on you for your great success in the competition. 10. I am _ sorry for the trouble I have caused to you. (sincere) sincerely survivorscanalelectricitysufferingsCongratulations三詞語派生三詞語派生 用括號中所給詞的適當形式填空。用括號中所給詞的適當形式填空。1. The food smells so _. We should throw it away. (smell)2. The entire nation consider it a _ pride to host the Olympic Games (nation)3. Alexs mother _ her dissatisfaction with his room in which all windows and floor were covered with _. (expression/dirty)4. Fortunately, all miners trapped in the mines survived though some _ suffered minor _. ( survive/injure)5. This is _ news to all of us as we never expected he would lose the game. (shock)6. The conditions there are _ difficult. Please take more equipment, which may be very_ for you. (extreme/ use)usefulsmelly national expresseddirt survivorsinjuries shockingextremely四詞組互譯四詞組互譯 將下列詞組或短語翻譯成中文或英語。將下列詞組或短語翻譯成中文或英語。1._ 1._ 立刻，馬上立刻，馬上2._ 2._ 突然突然3._ 3._ 仿佛，好像仿佛，好像4._ 4._ 結(jié)束，終結(jié)結(jié)束，終結(jié)5._ 5._ 成為廢墟，破敗不堪成為廢墟，破敗不堪6._ 6._ 挖掘，發(fā)現(xiàn)挖掘，發(fā)現(xiàn)7._ 7._ 大量的大量的8._ 8._ 對對 不重視不重視9._ 9._ 成千上萬的成千上萬的10._ 10._ 三分之二三分之二 right away burst into/outas ifat an endin ruinsdig outa (great) numberthink little oftens of thousands oftwo-thirds of 11. be too nervous to eat _12. rescue from _13. to the north of the city _14. jump out of _15. describe to sb _16. everywhere they look _17. useless pieces of steel _18. fall down _19. rescue workers _20. congratulations on sb _向某人祝賀向某人祝賀 太緊張而不吃東西太緊張而不吃東西從從 中拯救出來中拯救出來城市以北城市以北從從 跳出來跳出來向某人描述向某人描述目光所及之處目光所及之處廢鐵廢鐵倒塌，倒塌， 倒下倒下救援人員救援人員五詞組運用五詞組運用 詞組填空詞組填空 根據(jù)句子所提供的語境，從第四大題中選出一根據(jù)句子所提供的語境，從第四大題中選出一個適當?shù)脑~組并用其適當形式填空。個適當?shù)脑~組并用其適當形式填空。1. _ spectators _ laughter as the performance was so amusing.2. You should leave for the meeting _as it is going to be _soon.3. The old house lay_. So the owner had to _ his valuables in the dust with shovels.4. _ of people interviewed _ what had happened, which led to _ casualties.5. It seems _ it is going to rain again. Lets move inside. A great number ofburst intoright awayat an endin ruinsdig outTwo-thirdsthought little oftens of thousands ofas if翻譯句子翻譯句子 根據(jù)漢語意識，從第四大題中選出一個恰當?shù)母鶕?jù)漢語意識，從第四大題中選出一個恰當?shù)脑~組完成句子。詞組完成句子。6 救援人員從倒塌的房子中找到了一個幸存者。救援人員從倒塌的房子中找到了一個幸存者。The rescue workers found a survivor _7 目光所及之處，所有都成為了廢墟。目光所及之處，所有都成為了廢墟。Everywhere we looked,_8 他向我們描述了他是如何從廢墟中被救出來的。他向我們描述了他是如何從廢墟中被救出來的。He described to us how _9 在這個城市以北是一座大型的煉油廠。在這個城市以北是一座大型的煉油廠。_.There is a large oil plant to the north of this city.in the house that had fallen down.all lay in ruins.he was rescued from the ruins.六、介詞填空六、介詞填空 請用恰當?shù)慕樵~填空。請用恰當?shù)慕樵~填空。1. No one helped me. I did it all myself. 2. If you keep _, youll succeed time.3. Judging _ his accent, he must come _ Sichuan.4. Only _ this way can you succeed.5. _ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.With byon in from/byfrom in 6. I owe thanks _ you _ your unselfish help.7. She has been married _ a young worker.8. -What time is it now? - It is seven_ my watch.9. The tables in that restaurant are so close together that theres little space _ them.10. I feel that one of my main duties _ a teacher is to help the students to become better learners. to for to bybetweenasPHRASES IN THE TEXT rise and fall smelly gas come out of jump out of crack and burst fall down think little of one-third/two thirds cut across in ruins at an endbe injured thousands ofbe left without parents blow awayuseless pieces of steel give milk tens of thousands of instead of hundreds of thousands of rescue workerscoal mines dig out fresh waterLanguage points分數(shù)表達法分數(shù)表達法:分子用基數(shù)（分子用基數(shù)（ONE, TWO)，分母用序數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞 ( FIRST, SECOND)，當分子超過，當分子超過1時，分母的時，分母的詞尾加詞尾加S.1/3: one third 2/3: two thirds1/4: one fourth (a/one quarter)1/5: one fifth 3/5: three fifths2 4/5: two and four fifths1/2: a half 或或 one half (例外例外)百分數(shù)表達法：百分數(shù)表達法： 百分數(shù)百分數(shù) + 單單N + 單謂；百分數(shù)單謂；百分數(shù)+復復N +復謂復謂75%： seventy-five percent 90%: ninety percentMore than 70% of the surface of the earth is covered by water.40% of the students in our school are girls.數(shù)詞數(shù)詞 + 量詞量詞 + 形容詞形容詞two hundred kilometers away 兩百公里遠兩百公里遠 eight kilometers long 八公里長八公里長 thirty meters wide 三十米寬三十米寬四米深四米深four meters deep五米高五米高five meters high六米厚六米厚six meters thick The train is seven minutes late.My watch is eight minutes fast. (adj 快的快的)1. Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away. imagine: form a mental picture imagine + n. /pron imagine sb. to be shake : cause to move to and froright away : at once ; in no time ; immediatelyright now : at this very momentMake up your mind_.Ill return the book_.right nowright awayHe _from his chair when the doorbell rang.Her job is _chickens.Her temperature is still_.He _ in rank recently.2. rise vi. & raise vt.roseraisingrisinghas risensmelly : smell+ y = adj. smell n./v (smelt/ smelled)They were all hungry and the food _good.I can _something burning in the kitchen.Please throw the _fish away.smeltsmellsmelly3. A _ gas came _ _ the cracks.smellyout of4. the water pipes in some buildings cracked and _.burstburst : to come open or fly apart suddenlyThe balloon suddenly burst.burst into + n. Some robbers burst into that house.burst outburst out + doing They burst out laughing.He burst into laughter.= He burst out laughingHe burst into tears.= He burst out crying.burst into+ n.burst out + doingas ifat an endat the end of 用于表示具體事物或場所用于表示具體事物或場所的場合，它也可以用來表示比喻意的場合，它也可以用來表示比喻意; by the end of 用于表示時間的場合到用于表示時間的場合到結(jié)束的時候，用語過去完成時態(tài)結(jié)束的時候，用語過去完成時態(tài); in the end 意思意思“最后、終于最后、終于”。 Compare: at the end of by the end of in the end1) . His father will return home _this year.2) . He will be a scientist _.3) . How many English words had you learned _ last term?at the end ofin the endby the end ofas if 好像；似乎；仿佛。好像；似乎；仿佛。She was sitting there as if nothing had happened.lie (lay, lain): to be, remain or be kept in a certain statein ruins : severely damaged or destroyedCompare: ruin ; destroy ; damagedamage指部分指部分“損壞損壞”、“損害損害”、“破壞破壞”或指使用價值有所降低。它可以用或指使用價值有所降低。它可以用作動詞作動詞,也可以用作名詞也可以用作名詞,用作名詞時常與用作名詞時常與to something 連用。連用。The accident did a lot of damage to his car. destroy 只能用作動詞只能用作動詞,指徹底破壞指徹底破壞,以致以致不可能修復不可能修復,常作常作“破壞破壞”、“毀滅毀滅”解解,也也可以指希望、計劃等打破。可以指希望、計劃等打破。The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town. ruin則表示破壞嚴重則表示破壞嚴重,以致不能修復以致不能修復,但這但這種破壞不像種破壞不像destroy那樣毀滅某物那樣毀滅某物,而是強調(diào)而是強調(diào)致使該物的使用價值發(fā)生了問題。用作動詞致使該物的使用價值發(fā)生了問題。用作動詞時時,它作它作 “使毀滅使毀滅”、 “使崩潰使崩潰”、 “弄糟弄糟”解解;用作名詞時用作名詞時,它表示它表示 “毀滅毀滅”、 “瓦解瓦解”、 “廢廢墟墟”等抽象概念。等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法。也有借喻的用法。The fire ruined the castle. The house has fallen into ruin. The company is facing ruin. The village _in ruins after the war.These machines have _idle since the factory closed.An earthquake left the whole town_.His career is_.laylainin ruinsin ruinsEverywhere they looked nearly everything was_. destroyedHe _ his girl friends prospectsruinedSoft wood _easily.damages中文中文原形原形過過去去式式過去分過去分詞詞現(xiàn)在分現(xiàn)在分詞詞說明說明放置放置產(chǎn)卵產(chǎn)卵laylaidlaidlaying及物動詞及物動詞躺躺;位于位于lielaylainlying不及物動詞不及物動詞說謊說謊lieliedliedlying不及物動詞不及物動詞lie 與與lay的區(qū)別的區(qū)別口訣口訣:規(guī)則的規(guī)則的“撒謊撒謊”，不規(guī)則的，不規(guī)則的“躺躺”，躺過就，躺過就“下蛋下蛋”。 (lie當當“說謊說謊”用，它的過去式和過去用，它的過去式和過去分詞都為分詞都為lied，而當，而當“躺躺”用時，它的過去式為用時，它的過去式為“下蛋下蛋”即即lay) injure: to hurt oneself/ sb. / sth. physicallyinjuredMore than 61% of the surface of the earth _covered by water.Seventy percent of the workers in this factory _ young.isareTheir criticisms _him deeply.Smoking will _his health.He was slightly _in the car accident.He got _in the fighting.What you said _my feeling.have hurtinjuredinjuredwoundedhurtCompare: injure ; hurt ; wound 8. People were shocked. shock: v 震驚、打擊震驚、打擊be shocked at 對對感到吃驚感到吃驚We were shocked at the bad news.be shocked to do sth 因做某事而吃驚因做某事而吃驚 I was shocked to learn that he had failed in the exam.be shocked that I was shocked that he had failed in the exam. 9. SOME OF THE RESCUE WORKERS AND DOCTORS WERE TRAPPED UNDER THE RUINS:n 救援、救助救援、救助a rescue team 營救隊營救隊 come/go to sbs rescue 營救某人營救某人v 援救、營救援救、營救 rescuefromThe firemen rescued a boy from the fire.wonder : v. A. to have a feeling of surprise.B. to be filled with curiosity or doubt. n. one that arouses astonishment, surprise ; admirationIt is no wonder (that)= No wonder (that)wonder10. People began to _how long the disaster would last.DISASTERn 災難、災禍災難、災禍 Too much water can cause disaster.引起災難、惹禍引起災難、惹禍 Disasters always come in three.禍不單行禍不單行-Tom often works deep into the night every day.-No wonder he always gets first in the examinations.10. All hope was not lost.allnot = not all;some but not all Not all the children are left. (= Only some of them left early.)Not all the children are noisy.(= Some of the children are not noisy.) none of . None of us were allowed to go there.None of these reports is very helpful.11. bury the dead.bury : A. to place in the ground B. to occupy (oneself) with deep concentration; absorbThe dog buried the bone in the ground.I buried myself in my studies.bury oneself in= be buried in devote oneself to= be devoted to選用單詞的適當形式填空選用單詞的適當形式填空1. The flood d_ a lot of houses and many people became homeless.2. After e_ was cut off, the lights went out.3. D_ always come suddenly and cause a lot of damage.4. The f_ girl was speechless after she saw the terrible scene.5. A car accident happened with two people killed and one seriously i_. injured estroyedlectricityisastersrightened6. St. Petersburg was almost in r_ after it was under attack for 900 days by the Germans.7. The rescue workers put up a lot of tents so that the homeless survivors could be s_.8. The river b_ its banks and flooded the village.9. They were badly s_ by the news of her death shakenuinshelteredursthocked選擇題選擇題3. The death of his wife was a terrible _ to him.A. knock B. shock C. surprising D. experience 2. He _ his voice so that everyone could hear him.A. lifted B. rose C. held D. raised 1. The work must be done_. A. right away B. right now C. at once D. all the above 6. _of people came to the meeting from all over the country. A. Many B. A number C. The number D. A plenty of 5. They tried to prevent their cows from _ .A.injury B. injuring C. being injured D. hurting 4. _ for the worst, and you wont feel too sad if you fail.A.Preparing B. Prepare C. To prepare D. Prepared 8. There was a strange man at the gate _ something to the little girl.A. said B. says C. to say D. saying7.I will go shopping with her _my mother. A.instead of B. instead C. in fact D. instead with 9._ seen the film, so everybody wants to see it.A.All the students haventB. Any students havent C. As nobody has D. None of us has10. Do you want to go biking with me? -Yes .Id love to-. _my bike is brokenA. But B. And C. Sorry D. However11. _ were sent to hospital and the _ were buried. A. The injury, the death B. The injuring, the dying C. The injured, the dead D. The injured, the died12. About _ of the workers in that steel works _ young people. A. third fifths, are B. three fifths, are C. three fifths, is D. three fifth, are The Attributive Clause Titanic is the ship that sank after hitting an iceberg.Rose and Jack are the lovers who met on the ship.Rosethe lady/meet Jack on TitanicRose is Rose is metmet Jack on Titanic Jack on TitanicJackthe young man /want to save Rosethe man /want to kill JackCalJack is Jack is wanted wanted to save Rose to save RoseCal is Cal is wantedwanted to kill Jack. to kill Jack.the lady the lady whowhothe young man the young man whowhothe man the man whowhothe ship/sink into the oceanthe ship/is the most beautiful in the world at that time Titanic issank into the ocean.Titanic is was the most beautiful in the word at that time.the ship thatthe ship thatthe Heart of Oceanthe diamond/is worn by RoseThe Heart of Ocean is was worn by Rose.the diamond/is dropped into the ocean by RoseThe Heart of Ocean is was dropped into the ocean by Rose the diamond thatthe diamond that引導定語從句關(guān)系代詞的用法：引導定語從句關(guān)系代詞的用法： that which who whom whose 1.that在從句中作主語或賓語，指人和物在從句中作主語或賓語，指人和物 1)A plane is a machine that can fly.（ 主語）主語）2)The noodles that I looked were delicious.（賓語）（賓語）3)Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.（主語）（主語）4)The girl that we saw yesterday is Jimsister.（賓語）（賓語） 2. Which 在從句中作主語或賓語，指物在從句中作主語或賓語，指物1) They planted the trees which didnt need much water. (主語主語 )3. who whom 在從句中分別作主語和賓語在從句中分別作主語和賓語 (口語中口語中who也可作賓語也可作賓語)1) The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.（主語）（主語）2) The fish which we bought were not fresh. （賓語）（賓語）2) The boy who broke the window is called Michael.（主語）（主語） 4) Mr. Read is the professor to whom you should write . （賓語）（賓語）3) The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. （賓語）（賓語） 3) This is the book whose cover is blue.4. whose 在從句中作定語，指人或物在從句中作定語，指人或物1) Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.2) This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of .The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞whose還可以在從句中與它還可以在從句中與它所修飾的詞一起作介詞賓語所修飾的詞一起作介詞賓語NOTE that和和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換在指物的情況下一般都可以互換, 但在下列情況下但在下列情況下, 一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine. This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.(1) 先行詞為先行詞為all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代詞時。等不定代詞時。(2)先行詞被先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等等 修飾時。修飾時。(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時。先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時。(4)先行詞被先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時。修飾時。NOTEARE YOU CLEAR NOW?OK . LETS DO SOME EXERCISE!Function-I-practice (3m)1.The famous basketball star, _ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. A、where B、when C、which D、who答案答案 D真題解析：真題解析：本題考察定語從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞的選擇，從句意可知本題考察定語從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞的選擇，從句意可知先行詞先行詞the famous basketball star（著名的籃球明星）是人，（著名的籃球明星）是人，所以應(yīng)用表示人的關(guān)聯(lián)詞所以應(yīng)用表示人的關(guān)聯(lián)詞who。高考鏈接高考鏈接2.The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A、until B、that C、when D、where答案答案 C 真題解析：真題解析：本題考察定語從句的連接詞，主句中的先行詞本題考察定語從句的連接詞，主句中的先行詞the hours被其它成分分割，只要考生能夠認清真正的先行詞，就不被其它成分分割，只要考生能夠認清真正的先行詞，就不難得出答案，難得出答案，the hours表示時間，所以應(yīng)該選擇一個表示時間表示時間，所以應(yīng)該選擇一個表示時間的關(guān)系副詞，即的關(guān)系副詞，即when。高考鏈接高考鏈接3._ is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month. A、It B、As C、That D、what答案答案 B真題解析：真題解析：本題考察本題考察as引導非限定性定語從句。引導非限定性定語從句。as引導從句引導從句的意思是的意思是“正如正如.”，引導的非限定性定語從句修飾整個句，引導的非限定性定語從句修飾整個句子，當子，當as在從句中充當主語時，常用下面的結(jié)構(gòu)：在從句中充當主語時，常用下面的結(jié)構(gòu)：as is know，as is said，as is reported等，所以本題的答案是等，所以本題的答案是B。高考鏈接高考鏈接