高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 題型突破 專題12 閱讀理解 第1講 細節(jié)理解題課件

題型專題突破第二部分第二部分專題十二閱讀理解專題十二閱讀理解20172017考綱精解考綱精解年份類別201620152014考情分析全國卷全國卷全國卷全國卷全國卷全國卷全國卷考點細節(jié)理解題988911791.各個題型的分布已逐步成熟且趨于平穩(wěn)，以事實細節(jié)類和推理判斷類為主。主旨大意題1110111推理判斷題4545253詞義猜測題1121122年份類別201620152014考情分析全國卷全國卷全國卷全國卷全國卷全國卷全國卷體裁記敘文22121012.題材仍然體現(xiàn)了來源于實際生活、緊貼時代、反映英美文化等特點。從體裁看，文章分別屬于記敘文、說明文、議論文和應(yīng)用文。3.語篇結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜化，句子長度、難度有所增加。行文具有跳躍性，隱含信息較多。議論文1000111說明文1121121應(yīng)用文0111111 一、閱讀理解的解題技巧 1通篇略讀，了解全文大意 對全文通篇速讀，舍棄無關(guān)緊要的細節(jié)，做到“會當凌絕頂，一覽眾山小”，全力捕捉全文中心思想。 2細讀全文，注重關(guān)鍵詞句 針對題目中的問題細讀材料，可以縮小閱讀范圍，迅速找到與問題有關(guān)的信息，細讀與題目相關(guān)聯(lián)的詞、句、段，對關(guān)鍵部分要透徹理解，仔細推敲。名師點撥 3透過表層，深入開拓，正確解題 在理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上對未知含義進行演繹、推斷，并利用文章中出現(xiàn)的各種信息及文章所論述的觀點、論據(jù)、作者的態(tài)度或評論等內(nèi)容來進行綜合性的概括，從而達到準確理解文章內(nèi)涵的目的。 二、閱讀理解的解題方法 1文章問題文章(PQP)法 第一步：用半分鐘左右了解文章涉及的大概內(nèi)容。具體方法：參看首尾段、首句、文中的中文注釋等。 第二步：讀問題，畫出其中的關(guān)鍵詞。 第三步：帶著問題讀文章。細細品味與問題相關(guān)的信息，其他部分一掃而過。這樣做既有利于把握文章主旨和作者意圖，又能提高準確率并節(jié)省時間。 2問題文章問題(QPQ)法 針對廣告、海報、新聞等應(yīng)用文，采用此法更有效。即先將問題看一遍，然后帶著問題去閱讀文章，找答案。其特點是針對性強并節(jié)省時間，此法比較適用于解答事實細節(jié)性的問題。 3略讀法 略讀法是快速閱讀中的一種方法。 (1)略讀的關(guān)鍵是在能抓住文章要點的前提下以個人最快的速度閱讀。主要目的是獲得足夠的信息以便準確地回答有關(guān)文章主旨和大意的問題。 (2)利用略讀法做閱讀時，要特別注意首尾兩段，因為文章的第一段往往點明文章的主題或中心思想，或作者的意圖，而文章的最后一段常?？偨Y(jié)或重述文章的主要內(nèi)容。 (3)要學(xué)會尋找文章段落的主題句。這是高效省時抓段落大意的一條捷徑。同時也是準確理解全文大意的有效途徑，因為把整篇文章的每段主題句的意思綜合起來實際上就是全文的中心思想。 (4)另外，文章的主題句有時可能會出現(xiàn)在段落中間或結(jié)尾，必須運用略讀法快速準確地找到它。 4查閱法 在進行略讀、了解文章大意后，比較簡單的試題往往能立即解決。但還是有一些綜合性較強、結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜的試題如果只看一遍很難對問題把握得準，需要對文章里面的細節(jié)、結(jié)構(gòu)、生詞的含義進行認真分析、推敲，才能選出其正確答案。這時若通讀全文就會耽誤時間。我們就可利用在略讀過程中所畫出的相關(guān)詞句甚至段落進行復(fù)讀、研究，從而選準答案。 5研讀法 “研讀”就是仔細地閱讀，以求獲得具體的信息，對文章有深層次的理解。研讀主要是指圍繞文章后面的問題進行細讀，包括理解支持主題句的細節(jié)，根據(jù)作者的意圖和中心思想進行推論，借助語法知識對涉及問題的難句、長句進行分析，力爭達到準確地理解，根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義等。第第1講細節(jié)理解題講細節(jié)理解題 細節(jié)理解題是指原文提到了某事物、現(xiàn)象或理論，題干針對原文具體敘述本身發(fā)問。一般包括直接理解題及語義轉(zhuǎn)化題。抓住文段中的事實和細節(jié)是做好該題型的關(guān)鍵。 1題型特點 細節(jié)理解題是針對文章細節(jié)而精心設(shè)計的，目的在于測試考生對閱讀材料中具體內(nèi)容的理解能力。在近幾年高考試題中所占比重較大，而且考查難度有所增加。細節(jié)包括描寫性細節(jié)、說明性細節(jié)、比較和對比性細節(jié)。名師點撥 2常見設(shè)問方式 Which of the following statements is true/false? Which of the following statements is(not) mentioned? All of the following statements are true/false except _？ Choose the right order of the events. The author/passage states that _. According to the passage, when/why/where/how/who/which etc. _？ 3解題策略 (1)細心審題，定位原文，直接根據(jù)問題從文中找答案。將注意力集中在尋找所需要的細節(jié)上，快速通篇跳讀直到找到細節(jié)出處，仔細核對比較內(nèi)容，確定答案。 (2)按文章體裁，作者寫作的模式及有關(guān)的信息詞，如：for example，first，second等來尋找自己所需要的信息。 (3)排除干擾，突出主題。細節(jié)理解題設(shè)計的干擾項一般都是某一細節(jié)的錯誤敘述與論斷，可先排除干擾項。 (4)注意識別指代詞語。為避免重復(fù)，文章中對多次提到的事物或現(xiàn)象會使用不同的詞語，如同義詞、近義詞、代詞等。 (5)變通理解，多方歸納，全面捕捉信息，最后確定答案。細節(jié)理解題有時考查的不是單一信息，而是多處信息的整合?？忌欢ㄒC合分析，多方歸納，確定答案。(2016全國卷A)Whats On?Electric Underground 730pm1.00amFree at the Cyclops TheatreDo you know whos playing in your area? Were bringing you an exciting evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)? if so, come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. Hes going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music.典題在線 Gee Whizz 830pm10.30pmComedy at Kaleidoscope Come and see Gee Whizz perform. Hes the funniest standup comedian on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks(快餐) Simons Workshop 500pm7.30pmWednesdays at Victoria Stage This is a Rood chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years experience of reaching comedy.His workshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny. Charlotte Stone 800pm11.00pmPizza World Fine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new bestselling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta(面食). Book early to get a table. Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine. 1Who can help you if you want to have your music produced? AJules Skye.BGee Whizz CCharlotte Stone.DJames Pickering. 2At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh? AThe Cyclops Theatre. BKaleidoscope. CVictoria Stage. DPizza World. 3What do we know about Simons Workshop? AIt requires membership status. BIt lasts three hours each time. CIt is run by a comedy club. DIt is held every Wednesday. 4When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs? A5.00pm7.30pm. B7.30pm1.00am. C8.00pm11.00pm. D8.30pm10.30pm. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇由四則廣告組成的應(yīng)用文。分別介紹了一個講座、一個喜劇演員的演出、一個喜劇演員的工作室以及一個有爵士樂和美食的好去處。 1【解析】細節(jié)理解題。從題干的have your music produced判斷本題的答案出處在第一則廣告，該廣告說，“你是否有興趣成為音樂人，得到錄制唱片的合同？”然后說晚上7點半有Jules Skye的報告，因此選A項Jules Skye。根據(jù)本廣告最后一句也可得出答案。 【答案】A 2【解析】細節(jié)理解題。帶著題干的“不同年齡的人歡笑”這個信息，我們?nèi)ミ@幾則廣告中尋找相關(guān)信息。答案在第二則廣告里，該廣告說，Gee Whizz是最滑稽的單口喜劇演員(standup comedian)，他的表演能夠讓所有人快樂，下至孩童上到老人(from the youngest to the oldest)。表演的地點是Kaleidoscope，因此選B項。 【答案】B 3【解析】細節(jié)理解題。本題涉及第三則廣告的相關(guān)信息。從5.00 pm7.30 pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage可以判斷，該活動每個星期三舉辦，故D項正確。每次兩個半小時，排除B項；文章沒有提到需要有會員資格，排除A項；也沒有提到喜劇俱樂部，排除C項。 【答案】D 4【解析】細節(jié)理解題。從題干可知解本題的信息來自最后一則廣告，該廣告開頭就交代了時間：晚上8點到11點，因此選C項。 【答案】C(2015全國卷B)The freezing Northeast hasnt been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(維生素C), thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets (at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best partparticularly to my taste, dulled by months of coldweather root vegetableswas a 7 am. adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wakeup call. The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7 am. to 1 pm., rain or shine，along North Lemon and State streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries; the redpainted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck; and most of all, the tomatoes：amazing, large, soft and round red tomatoes. Disappointed by many a broken, vineripened(蔓上成熟的)promise, Ive refused to buy winter tomatoes for years. No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home theyre unfailingly dry, hard，and tasteless. But I homed in, with uncertainty, on one particular table at the Browns Grove Farms stand, full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. These were the real dealand at that moment, I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldnt be experiencing again for months. Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, whereluckily for meI was planning to have dinner that very night. Without even seeing the menu, I knew Id be ordering every tomato on it. 1What made the authors getting up early worthwhile? AHaving a swim. BBreathing in fresh air. CWalking in the morning sun. DVisiting a local farmers market. 2What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter? AThey are soft.BThey look nice. CThey taste great.DThey are juicy. 3What was the author going to do that evening? AGo to a farm.BCheck into a hotel. CEat in a restaurant.DBuy fresh vegetables. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講的是作者在冬天離開寒冷的紐約到佛羅里達州的薩拉索塔度假的經(jīng)歷。主題是關(guān)于氣候和飲食。 1【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息詞worthwhile可以定位到文章第一段最后一句。由a 7 am. adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wakeup call.可知，作者認為早上7點去農(nóng)貿(mào)市場是很值得做的事情。 【答案】D 2【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home theyre unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless.可知，在冬季，紐約的西紅柿只是外表吸引人，買回家之后才發(fā)現(xiàn)它們又干又硬，而且無味。A、C、D三項與作者所描述的紐約冬季出售的西紅柿的現(xiàn)實情況不相符，故排除。 【答案】B 3【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息詞that evening可定位到文章最后一段第一句a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, whereluckily for meI was planning to have dinner that very night.，句中的that very night是關(guān)鍵信息詞。由此可知，作者晚上要在餐館吃飯。故C項正確。 【答案】C專題對點特訓(xùn)專題對點特訓(xùn)細節(jié)理解題細節(jié)理解題(一一)專題對點特訓(xùn)專題對點特訓(xùn)細節(jié)理解題細節(jié)理解題(二二)