江蘇省2019高考英語 第二部分 語法核心突破 第十課時(shí) 非謂語動(dòng)詞練習(xí)（含解析）.doc

第十課時(shí)非謂語動(dòng)詞感 悟 高 考1.Many Chinese brands, _ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.(2017江蘇卷)A.having developed B.being developedC.developed D.developing答案Abrands是邏輯主語，和develop是主謂關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示伴隨狀況；再根據(jù)“over centuries”可知，應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，故選A。句意：許多中國品牌，享譽(yù)數(shù)百年，現(xiàn)在正面臨著來自現(xiàn)代市場(chǎng)的新挑戰(zhàn)。2. The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _ more patients to be treated.(2017天津卷)A.being allowed B.allowingC.having allowed D.allowed答案B句意：近期這個(gè)醫(yī)院購進(jìn)了新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備，允許更多的病人被治療。前句購進(jìn)醫(yī)療設(shè)備和后面允許更多的病人被治療之間是必然的結(jié)果關(guān)系，用doing，即現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示順理成章的結(jié)果。故選B。3.I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _.(2017天津卷)A.catching B.caughtC.to catch D.to be caught答案C句意：在整個(gè)會(huì)議期間我一直在看表，因?yàn)槲乙ペs火車。根據(jù)上文判斷出as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。固定結(jié)構(gòu) Sb have sth to do 意為某人有某事要做。故選C。4.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online _ their valuable time. (2017北京卷)A.save B.savingC.to save D.saved答案C句意：許多航空公司現(xiàn)在允許乘客網(wǎng)上打印他們的登機(jī)牌來節(jié)省時(shí)間。此處是動(dòng)詞不定式表目的，故選C。5. Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _ with his students.(2017北京卷)A.to spend B.spendC.spending D.spent 答案D句意：Jim已經(jīng)退休了，但是他依然記得和學(xué)生一起度過的快樂時(shí)光。句子已經(jīng)有了謂語remember，空格只能填非謂語動(dòng)詞，邏輯主語是time，和spend之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞spent。要 點(diǎn) 精 析一、動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語，其中的動(dòng)詞和主句的主語之間要形成主謂關(guān)系。在句子中可以充當(dāng)：1.目的狀語動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語常用的形式：to do, only to do(僅僅為了), in order to, so as to, so (such) .as to.(如此以便)。He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班汽車。2.結(jié)果狀語表示事先沒有預(yù)料到的結(jié)果，要放在句子后面。He searched the room only to find nothing.他搜了整個(gè)房間什么也沒有找到。3.原因狀語The water is too cold to drink.水太涼了不能喝。(不用被動(dòng))二、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，其中的動(dòng)詞和主句的主語之間形成主謂關(guān)系。在句子中可以充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?.時(shí)間狀語Seeing Tom, I couldnt help thinking of his brother.看見湯姆，我不禁想到了他的哥哥。2.原因狀語Being ill，he didnt go to school yesterday.因?yàn)樯×耍蛱鞗]有去上學(xué)。3.方式或伴隨狀語Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.瑪麗站在學(xué)校門口等貝蒂。三、過去分詞作狀語1.過去分詞作狀語表示被動(dòng)的、已完成的動(dòng)作。Written in a hurry, this article was not so good!因?yàn)閷懙么颐?，這篇文章不是很好。2.有些過去分詞因來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時(shí)不表示被動(dòng)而表示主動(dòng)。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有l(wèi)ost (迷路)，seated (坐), hidden (躲), stationed (駐扎), lost/absorbed in (沉溺于), born (出生于), dressed in (穿著), tired of (厭煩) 等。Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound.因?yàn)橄萦诔了贾校运麤]聽到那個(gè)聲音。四、分詞作狀語的時(shí)態(tài)1.非謂語動(dòng)詞在主句動(dòng)作之前完成，與主語之間形成主謂關(guān)系用having done。Having seen it twice, I refused his invitation to see the film.看過兩次了，我拒絕了他邀請(qǐng)我去看這部電影。2.非謂語動(dòng)詞在主句動(dòng)作之前完成，與主語之間形成被動(dòng)關(guān)系用having being done。Having been shown around the Water Cube, I was taken to visit the Birds Net.被帶領(lǐng)著參觀了水立方之后，我又被帶著去參觀了鳥巢。名師點(diǎn)津(1)分詞在句中作時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，其前一般可加when或while。When crossing street, you must be careful.穿過街道時(shí)你要加倍小心。(2)過去分詞作狀語時(shí)其邏輯主語為主句的主語，此時(shí)應(yīng)注意人稱一致。Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.再給我一個(gè)小時(shí)，我也能解這道題。(given為過去分詞作狀語，它的邏輯主語為主句主語I，即I被再給一個(gè)小時(shí)。)一、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語 1.表示將來The bridge to be built here will bring great convenience to the local people.這里將要建起的橋會(huì)給當(dāng)?shù)厝藥砗艽蟮谋憷?.用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或no, all, any等限定的中心詞，且中心詞與不定式之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。He was the first man to land on the moon.他是第一個(gè)登上月球的人。3.很多抽象名詞后可接不定式作定語，如ability, ambition, anxiety, attempt, campaign, chance, courage, decision, determination等。The pressure to pete causes Americans to be energetic.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的壓力使美國人精力充沛。二、分詞作定語 1.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)，如果和所修飾的詞之間形成被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用being done且后置。The meeting being held will greatly affect the future of our pany.正在舉行的會(huì)議將對(duì)我們公司將來的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生重大影響。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)，和所修飾的詞之間形成主謂關(guān)系，通常會(huì)出現(xiàn)分詞前置與分詞后置兩種情況：分詞前置：當(dāng)分詞作定語放在名詞之前時(shí)，往往表示事物正在發(fā)生的狀態(tài)。He rushed into the burning house.他沖進(jìn)著火的房子。分詞后置：當(dāng)分詞或分詞短語位于所被修飾的詞語之后時(shí)，往往可用定語從句替代。Whos the girl dancing with him?Who is the girl who is dancing with him?和他一起跳舞的女孩是誰？2.過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語時(shí)，被修飾的詞是該分詞所表示行為的承受者。當(dāng)過去分詞作定語時(shí)，在語態(tài)上通常表示“被動(dòng)”和“完成”，單獨(dú)的過去分詞前置，過去分詞短語后置。Local people invited to attend the meeting are very pleased to share their experience.受邀請(qǐng)參加會(huì)議的當(dāng)?shù)厝朔浅芬夥窒硭麄兊慕?jīng)驗(yàn)。3.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語和過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，過去分詞一般表示被動(dòng)含義?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或完成的事。名師點(diǎn)津作定語的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等時(shí)，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。The Browns have a fortable house to live in.布朗一家有個(gè)舒適的房子住著。一、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語1.作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語afford (付得起), agree (同意), aim (力求做到), appear (顯得), arrange (安排), ask (要求), attempt (試圖), care (想要), choose (決定), claim (聲稱), decide (決定), demand (要求), determine (決心)等等。2.動(dòng)詞疑問詞不定式常見的此類動(dòng)詞有：decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show，understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell等。There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant decide which to buy.有這么多的錄音機(jī)在出售，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。二、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語1.作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語She likes drawing very much.她很喜歡畫畫。2.作某些短語動(dòng)詞的賓語Mary is thinking of going back to New York.瑪麗正考慮回紐約。3.“do限定詞(my, some, any, the等)動(dòng)詞-ing”，表示“做”。We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon.星期六下午我們常大掃除。4.作介詞的賓語Her sister is good at learning physics.她姐姐擅長(zhǎng)學(xué)物理。名師點(diǎn)津(1)當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是不定式時(shí)，先用形式賓語it代替不定式，再把不定式置于補(bǔ)語之后，即：主語動(dòng)詞it補(bǔ)語to do句式。We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.我們認(rèn)為學(xué)好一門外語很重要。(2)動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，要用it作形式賓語，而將作賓語的動(dòng)詞-ing后置。We found it no good talking like that.我們認(rèn)為那樣談話是沒有用的。一、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語1.動(dòng)詞賓語不定式(to do)Father will not allow us to play on the street.父親不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠！?.to be的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作補(bǔ)語We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.我們認(rèn)為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。3.to be形容詞The book is believed to be uninteresting.人們認(rèn)為這本書沒什么意思。4.在“with/without賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，若賓語補(bǔ)足語是不定式，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生，且句子的主語是該動(dòng)作邏輯上的執(zhí)行者，此時(shí)不定式須用主動(dòng)式。With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.有很多的問題要解決，這位新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)會(huì)有一個(gè)艱難時(shí)期。二、過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一定和賓語有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。能夠接過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有以下四類：1.表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如see, watch, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。I heard the song sung in English.我聽到有人用英語唱過這首歌。2.表示“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞，如have, make, get, keep, leave等。Ill have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理發(fā)。3.表示思維活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如consider, know, think等。I consider the matter settled.我認(rèn)為這件事解決了。4.表示愛憎、意愿的動(dòng)詞，如want, wish, like, hate等。I want two tickets reserved.我要預(yù)定兩張機(jī)票。三、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語當(dāng)動(dòng)詞-ing在復(fù)合賓語中作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，句中賓語就是這個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ing的邏輯主語，可以帶有這種復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.我們能夠看見蒸汽從這些濕衣服上升起來。一、非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語1.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語不定式作主語，一般表示具體某一次的動(dòng)作。常用it作形式主語，而不定式是真正的主語，放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。To climb the mountain is hard work but to go down the mountain is great fun.上山很艱難，下山卻很好玩。It is not easy to find your way around the town.在這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)要找到路很不容易。2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語時(shí)，如果其結(jié)構(gòu)較長(zhǎng)，可用it作形式主語，而將作主語的動(dòng)詞-ing后置。Seeing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)。It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收。二、非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語 1.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語不定式作表語表示具體動(dòng)作或?qū)韯?dòng)作。(1)當(dāng)主語和表語都是不定式時(shí)，其含義一是條件，一是結(jié)果。To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.對(duì)敵人仁慈就是對(duì)人民殘忍。(2)當(dāng)主語是以aim, duty, hope, idea, mistake, plan, purpose, suggestion等為中心詞的名詞詞組或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時(shí)，不定式用于說明主語的內(nèi)容。My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.我的主要目的是指出這件事的困難。2.動(dòng)名詞作表語(1)有些動(dòng)名詞作表語，與主語部分可以轉(zhuǎn)換。Our work is serving the people.Serving the people is our work.為人民服務(wù)是我們的工作。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，說明主語的性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)。The story told by Mr.Wang is interesting.王先生講的故事很有趣。3.過去分詞作表語(1)過去分詞作表語與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別：過去分詞作表語，主要是表示主語的狀態(tài)，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則表示動(dòng)作。The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.茶杯是昨天我妹妹打碎的。(被動(dòng)語態(tài)，表示動(dòng)作)The library is now closed.圖書館現(xiàn)在是關(guān)門的。(過去分詞作表語，表示狀態(tài))(2)過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成，動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行。(3)有些動(dòng)詞，如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten等的過去分詞表示一種情緒和狀態(tài)。The book is interesting and Im interested in it.這本書很有趣，我對(duì)它很感興趣。名師點(diǎn)津(1)不定式作句子的主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。(2)be to do sth可以表示將來時(shí)態(tài)。You are to meet him at the airport tomorrow.明天你要到機(jī)場(chǎng)接他。一、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是英語中的一個(gè)特殊結(jié)構(gòu)；它有自己的邏輯主語，與句子主語不一致，此時(shí)的“名詞/代詞分詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語”，就是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。It being Sunday，we neednt go to school.因?yàn)槭切瞧谔?，我們不用上學(xué)。二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成含義動(dòng)詞不定式表示動(dòng)作沒有發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生，動(dòng)詞-ed形式表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束，動(dòng)詞-ing形式往往表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。The manager looks worried，many things to settle.有這么多的事情要處理，經(jīng)理看上去很著急。The manager looks relaxed，many things settled.許多事情處理好了，經(jīng)理看上去很輕松。The food being cooked，the boy was watching TV.做飯時(shí)，這個(gè)小男孩在看電視。三、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)1.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨(dú)立存在，一般有逗號(hào)與主句分開。2.名詞/代詞與后面的分詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語之間是主謂關(guān)系。四、with和without引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)with/without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)既可看作介詞短語，在句子中作定語；也可看作獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，常在句中充當(dāng)狀語。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：with賓語五、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般作狀語，表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨狀況等，還可以作定語。My shoes removed，I entered a low-ceilinged room.我脫掉鞋子后，走進(jìn)一間屋頂很低的房間。(作時(shí)間狀語)He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled.他就是有許多問題要解決的那個(gè)人。(作定語)名師點(diǎn)津(1)有些分詞短語可以獨(dú)立存在，在句子中沒有邏輯上的主語，作為習(xí)慣用法。比如：generally speaking(總的說來), judging from (從判斷), supposing (假設(shè))等。(2)有些固定短語是帶to的不定式，表明說話人的立場(chǎng)或態(tài)度，在句中作獨(dú)立成分。這些短語有to be honest(老實(shí)說), to be sure (確實(shí)), to tell you the truth (說實(shí)話), to be frank (坦率地說), to make matters/things worse (更糟糕的是)等等。解 題 策 略1.正確判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞句子按結(jié)構(gòu)分為三類，即簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。并列句和復(fù)合句都需要連詞來引導(dǎo)，如果句子中出現(xiàn)了連詞，應(yīng)選謂語動(dòng)詞形式，如果兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中未出現(xiàn)連詞，則考慮用非謂語動(dòng)詞。_ many times, but he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.ToldC.He was told D.Though he had been told答案C用連詞but 引導(dǎo)并列句子，因此，前句與后句一樣也是個(gè)獨(dú)立句子，故選C。2.正確判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系確定要選非謂語動(dòng)詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語。非謂語動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)。非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致，找不到其邏輯主語時(shí)，整個(gè)句子或句子的主語就是非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語。正確判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系是正確選擇非謂語動(dòng)詞形式的保證，不管是作什么成分的非謂語動(dòng)詞都體現(xiàn)以下特點(diǎn)： (1)如果非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間是主謂關(guān)系，可用現(xiàn)在分詞；(2)如果非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，可用過去分詞。_ from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.A.Seen B.SeeingC.Having seen D.To see答案A句意：從塔頂看，這座山的南邊腳下是樹的海洋。seen from the top of the tower是一個(gè)過去分詞短語，在句子中作狀語，其邏輯主語是句子的主語the south foot of the mountain，它們之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。3.正確判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞和謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后順序非謂語動(dòng)詞具備動(dòng)詞的一些特點(diǎn)，也可以有動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，對(duì)于謂語動(dòng)詞，我們用時(shí)態(tài)來表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間；對(duì)于非謂語動(dòng)詞不能用時(shí)態(tài)來表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間問題。非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的時(shí)間是一個(gè)相對(duì)時(shí)間，即相對(duì)于謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間而言。同時(shí)也需要了解非謂語動(dòng)詞的不同形式所表示的時(shí)間含義。如to have done，having done表示該動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生；to be doing，doing強(qiáng)調(diào)與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。Dina，_ for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took a position at a local advertising agency.A.struggling B.struggledC.having struggled D.to struggle答案C句意：蒂娜，奮斗了幾個(gè)月，想找個(gè)做女服務(wù)員的工作，最后在當(dāng)?shù)匾患覐V告社謀到了一個(gè)職位。此題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語，因Dina與struggle之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且struggle發(fā)生在took之前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式作定語。針 對(duì) 訓(xùn) 練1.To return to the problem of water pollution，Id like you to look at a study _ in Australia in 2012.(2016浙江卷)A.having conducted B.to be conductedC.conducting D.conducted答案D分析句子成分可知，句中沒有連詞，所以空處用非謂語動(dòng)詞，且 a study和 conduct 構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作后置定語。2.I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do_with students.(2016浙江卷)A.working B.workC.to work D.worked答案A句意：我現(xiàn)在與學(xué)生一起工作和航海一樣有著同等的樂趣。所選詞形應(yīng)與sailing一致，在句中作方式狀語。3._ it easier to get in touch with us，youd better keep this card at hand.(2016北京卷)A.Made B.Make C.Making D.To make答案D句意：為了更容易地和我們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系，你最好把這張名片卡放在手頭。由本句話的后半句可知，make的邏輯主語為you，you與make之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，結(jié)合句意可知，非謂語動(dòng)詞在這里作目的狀語，故選D。4.Newly-built wooden cottages line the street，_ the old town into a dreamland.(2016北京卷)A.turn B.turningC.to turn D.turned答案B句意：新建的小木屋沿街排成一行，將這個(gè)古老的小鎮(zhèn)變成了一個(gè)夢(mèng)幻之地。此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果。故選B。5.Mr.Johnson，_as a manager for many years，found it hard to be an ordinary clerk again.A.having worked B.workedC.to have worked D.working答案A句意：由于已經(jīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)理很多年了，Mr.Johnson發(fā)現(xiàn)重新做回一名普通職員很難。主語與work之間為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，由空后的時(shí)間狀語“for many years”可知，應(yīng)該用完成式。6.Little Tom sat_watching the monkey dancing in front of him.(2015四川卷)A.amaze B.amazingC.amazed D.to amaze答案C句意：小湯姆吃驚地坐在那兒看著小猴子在他面前跳舞。根據(jù)句意以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處為形容詞作狀語，說明主語的狀態(tài)。amazing令人吃驚的，常修飾物；amazed感到吃驚的，常修飾人。根據(jù)句意，選C。7.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on _ all the people who had helped in her career.(2015陜西卷)A.to thank B.thankingC.having thanked D.to have thanked答案A句意：在獲得奧斯卡最佳女配角獎(jiǎng)之后，安妮本尼迪克特繼續(xù)感謝所有曾經(jīng)在她的事業(yè)中幫助她的人。go on to do sth繼續(xù)做另一件事；go on doing sth繼續(xù)做同一件事。拿獎(jiǎng)后又繼續(xù)做另一件事，即“感謝所有幫助過她的人”，所以選A。8.At college，Barack Obama didnt know that he_ the first black president of the United States of America.(2015陜西卷)A.was to bee B.beesC.is to bee D.became答案A句意：在大學(xué)時(shí)，貝拉克奧巴馬不知道他會(huì)成為美國的第一任黑人總統(tǒng)。由didnt know可知，此處表示從過去(上大學(xué)時(shí))看將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，要用過去將來時(shí)，即謂語動(dòng)詞用would/should do，也可以用was/were to do表示，故選A。9.Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students_ what is bothering them.(2015湖南卷)A.to talk over B.talked overC.talk over D.having talked over答案A句意：有時(shí)對(duì)我的同學(xué)來說我充當(dāng)了聽眾的角色，以便與他們?cè)敿?xì)聊一聊正在困擾他們的事情。本句用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。10._ the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.(2015北京卷)A.Catching B.CaughtC.To catch D.Catch答案C句意：為了趕上早班飛機(jī)，我們提前預(yù)定了出租車并且很早就起了床。邏輯主語是we，用不定式作目的狀語，表示提前預(yù)定出租車并且早起的目的。故選C。11.There are still many problems _ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.(北京卷)A.solving B.solvedC.being solved D.to be solved答案D句意：在我們準(zhǔn)備長(zhǎng)期居住在月球上之前，還有許多問題有待解決。此處考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作后置定語，修飾problems，solve和其邏輯主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除A項(xiàng)，再根據(jù)句意知道問題還沒有解決，故用動(dòng)詞不定式來表示有待于發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。12.Trump Tower，_ as the headquarters for The Trump Organization，is a 58-story-skycraper_ in Midtown Manhattan.A.serving；located B.served；locatedC.served；locating D.serving；locating答案A句意：川普大樓，作為川普集團(tuán)的總部，是一座坐落于曼哈頓市中心的58層的摩天大廈。serve as和邏輯主語Trump Tower為主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語；locate和邏輯主語構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，be located in意為“坐落于”，故用過去分詞作定語。13.Would you mind going to the movies by yourself tonight?I am afraid.I will feel lonely in the theatre，with no one _ me.A.being acpanied B.acpainedC.to acpany D.having acpanied答案C句意：“你介不介意今晚一個(gè)人去看電影？”“我介意。沒有人在電影院陪我的話，我會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)。” with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，acpany作賓補(bǔ)和賓語no one構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，并且動(dòng)作發(fā)生于將來，故用不定式的主動(dòng)形式。14.Women deserve to be treated with dignity and they should make their voices _ in the world.A.heard B.having heardC.hearing D.to be heard答案A句意：女性應(yīng)該得到尊嚴(yán)，而且她們應(yīng)該在世界上發(fā)表自己的意見。分析句子成分可知，voice和hear之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故heard符合題意。make ones voice heard意為“發(fā)表意見，表達(dá)心聲”。