（全國通用）2020高考英語一輪復習 Unit 3 Understanding each other講義（含解析）牛津譯林版選修6.doc

Unit 3 Understanding each other(一)課前自主學習.閱讀單詞知其意1endofterm n 學期末2bridegroom n. 新郎3stove n. 爐子，火爐4offence n縱聯(lián)1 冒犯；侮辱5firework n. 焰火，煙花6minority n縱聯(lián)2 少數(shù)民族；少數(shù)，少數(shù)人7feast n. 盛宴，宴會；節(jié)日8mask n. 面具vt. 偽裝，掩飾9carve vt. 雕刻10steam vt.& vi. 蒸，蒸發(fā)n. 蒸汽11claw n. 爪，爪子12roast vt. 烤，烘焙adj. 烤的，焙的13mustard n. 芥末；芥末醬14barbecue n. 戶外燒烤15arrow n. 箭；箭頭標記.重點單詞寫其形1adjust vi.& vt. 適應，習慣；調整，調節(jié)2expectation n. 期望，盼望3familiar adj. 通曉；熟悉4ensure vt. 保證，擔保，確保5account n縱聯(lián)3 描述，敘述；賬目6alike adj.adv.縱聯(lián)4 相像，十分相似十分相像地；同樣地7throughout prep.& adv. 自始至終；貫穿整個時期；各處， 遍及8retell vt. 復述，轉述9hug vt.& vi.& n. 擁抱，抱緊10wedding n. 婚禮11reception n. 招待會；接待；接受12gesture n. 手勢；姿勢；示意動作13plain n. 平原adj. 清楚的，明顯的；坦誠的；樸素的14mysterious adj. 神秘的，奇怪的.拓展單詞通其變1greet vt.和某人打招呼(或問好)greeting n招呼；問候；問候語2congratulate vt.向(某人)道賀，祝賀congratulation n祝賀；賀詞3permit vt.& vi.允許，準許 n許可證permission n允許，許可4prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止prohibition n禁止；禁令5religion n宗教religious adj.宗教的；虔誠的6accustomed adj.習慣于；慣常的accustom vt.使習慣于7celebration n慶典；慶祝活動celebrate v慶祝8slight adj.輕微的slightly adv.輕微地；稍微地9bravery n勇敢brave adj.勇敢的bravely adv.勇敢地；極好地10govern vt.統(tǒng)治；控制，支配governor n主管人員；統(tǒng)治者government n政府 11musical adj.音樂的 n音樂劇music n音樂，樂曲縱聯(lián)1.打入“犯罪”團伙offence n. 冒犯，犯罪crime n. 違法行為或罪行criminal n. 罪犯guilt n. 犯罪，有罪縱聯(lián)2.“adj.ityn.”薈萃popularity 受歡迎；流行reality 現(xiàn)實similarity 相似點security 安全majority 大多數(shù)minority 少數(shù)縱聯(lián)3.拜訪“金融”部落account 賬目；賬戶budget 預算(案)capital 資金；資本cheque 支票interest 利息finance 財政，金融縱聯(lián)4.“相似”詞有哪些？resemble vt. 與相似similar adj. 相似的equally adv. 同樣地identically adv. 相等地alike adj. 相像，十分相似 adv. 同樣地；十分相像地單元話題文化差異子話題1外在表現(xiàn)barrier n. 障礙controversial adj. 有爭議的，有爭論的collision n. 碰撞；沖突；(意見、看法的)抵觸crisis n. 危機dilemma n. 困境，窘境；進退兩難plicated adj. 難懂的，復雜的conflict n. 沖突misunderstand vt. 誤會子話題2影響與反應implication n. 牽連，卷入essential adj. 基本的，必要的fundamental adj. 基本的，根本的embarrassing adj. 令人尷尬的condemn vt. 譴責，聲討appropriate adj. 適當?shù)?；恰當?shù)膍unication n. 交流cooperation n. 合作forgive and forget 既往不咎，盡釋前嫌學考對接活學活用高考采擷(一)閱讀中的詞匯應用1(2017全國卷閱讀C)Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has e closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the pany _ (use) special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.用所給詞的適當形式填空：to_use；“允許某人做某事”的表達為permit_sb._to_do_sth.或者permit_ones_doing_sth.用本單元詞匯替換加黑短語：ensure2(2015四川高考閱讀B)Determined, Dad filled our plates with _ (steam) stew and passed them around. It didnt look that bad, and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell, it didnt offend the nose so much, either. I took a taste. It would never win a prize in a cooking petition， but it was surprisingly edible, and we drank up every last drop of soup!用所給詞的適當形式填空：steaming；本句中短語fill .with .意為“用裝滿”，常用其被動結構：be_filled_with，同義短語為：be_full_of寫出加黑詞在本單元的同根名詞：offence寫出本單元中與加黑詞匯后綴相同的單詞：reception,_celebration高考采擷(二)寫作中的詞匯應用(根據(jù)漢語及提示詞翻譯句子)1(2017江蘇高考書面表達)新技術的應用以及影星的巨大魅力也能解釋這種增長。(account)The_application_of_new_technologies_and_the_wide_appeal_of_movie_stars_could_also_account_for_the_increase.2(2016浙江高考書面表達)當她即將出發(fā)時，一個熟悉的影子突然出現(xiàn)在她的視線中。(familiar)A_familiar_shadow_suddenly_came_into_her_sight_when_she_was_about_to_set_off. (二)課堂重點釋疑1ensure vt.& n保證；擔保 記牢ensure sth.保證某事ensure sb. sth. 保證/確保某人(得到)某物ensure sb. from/against . 保護某人免受的傷害ensure that .make sure that .確保/保證練通句型轉換The teachers spared no effort to ensure an equal chance to all students.The teachers spared no effort to ensure that all students had an equal chance.The teachers spared no effort to make sure that all students had an equal chance. 完成句子We must ensure_our_children_against contamination by bad ideas.我們必須保護我們的孩子免受壞思想的侵蝕。To_ensure_food_safety,_the government has promised to reduce the amount of chemicals used in food production.為了確保食品安全，政府已經(jīng)承諾減少生產(chǎn)食品時所用化學物質的數(shù)量。寫美(2015陜西高考書面表達)我保證我絕對不會辜負你的期望。I_ensure_that_I_can_perfectly_live_up_to_your_expectations.2congratulate vt.向(某人)道賀，祝賀記牢(1)congratulate sb. on/upon (doing) sth. 祝賀某人(做了)某事congratulate oneself (on sth.)(因成就或成功)為自己感到驕傲或自豪(2)congratulation n. 祝賀；(復數(shù))賀詞(send/offer) congratulations to sb. on sth. 祝賀某人某事Congratulations! 恭喜！練通單句語法填空/單句改錯I want to express my sincere congratulations (congratulate) on your doing so well in the exam.She congratulated him on the birth of his son.You can congratulate you on having done an excellent job.第二個youyourself一句多譯我一定得祝賀你榮任經(jīng)理之職。I must congratulate_you_on your appointment as a manager. (congratulate)I must offer/send_my_congratulations_to_you_on your appointment as a manager.(congratulation)辨清congratulate“祝賀；道賀”，只能用人作賓語，若要表明所祝賀的事情，后面要用on/upon連接，構成congratulate sb. on/upon sth.celebrate舉行儀式、典禮的“慶?！?，只能用事(節(jié)日、勝利、成功等)作賓語寫美(2017天津高考書面表達)我為自己成為8月底在天津舉辦的第13屆全運會的志愿者而感到自豪。I_congratulate_myself_on_being_a_volunteer_of_the_13th_National_Games_held_in_Tianjin_at_the_end_of_August.3permit vt.& vi.允許，準許n.許可證記牢(1)permit (doing) sth.允許(做)某事permit sb. (to do) sth. 允許某人(做)某事time/weather permittingif time/weather permits 時間/天氣允許的話(2)a drivers/driving permit 駕駛執(zhí)照(3)permission n. 允許；許可without permission 未經(jīng)許可ask for permission 請求允許練通單句語法填空Employees are permitted to_use (use) the golf course during their free hours.You should know that no photos are to be taken of the exhibits without permission (permit)The rules of the school do not permit parking (park) near the school gate.單句改錯Time permitted, I may go hiking with my friends.permittedpermittingYoure not allowed to drive if you dont have a permission. permissionpermit句型轉換If weather permits, we will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.Weather permitting,_we will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.用準permit 充當名詞時為可數(shù)名詞，意為“許可證”；permission 為不可數(shù)名詞，意為“許可”。寫美(2017浙江高考書面表達)如果天氣允許的話，我們將在樹林里野餐。Well_have_a_picnic_in_the_woods,_weather_permitting/if_weather_permits.聯(lián)想動詞permit 的常見用法為permit doing sth./sb. to do sth.，其他用法類似的動詞還有：allow, forbid, advise, encourage等。4prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止，不準；阻止記牢(1)prohibit (doing) sth.禁止(做)某事prohibit sb.s doing sth./prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事(2)prohibition n. 禁止，阻止；禁令a prohibition on/against 的禁令練通單句語法填空Traffic regulations prohibit people from riding bicycles on the sidewalk.We prohibit smoking (smoke) in the office during working hours.There is a prohibition on/against tobacco advertising in newspapers and magazines.寫美(2009廣東高考書面表達)我認為有必要禁止游客與動物拍照，從而為它們提供一個舒適的生活環(huán)境。I_think_it_necessary_to_prohibit_tourists_taking_pictures_with_animals,_making_a_fortable_environment_for_them_to_live.聯(lián)想“禁止/阻止某人做某事”的表達還有：discourage sb. from doing sth. ban sb. from doing sth.prevent sb. (from) doing sth.keep sb. from doing sth.forbid sb. from doing sth. stop sb.(from) doing sth.5adjust vi.& vt.適應，習慣；調整，調節(jié)辨清寫出下列句中adjust的含義First adjust the height of the bicycle saddle properly.調節(jié)，調整I think that you will quickly adjust to them although the weather and the food are different from yours.適應記牢(1)adjust to (doing) sth.適應(做)某事adjust oneself to 使自己適應于adjust sth. to 調整某物以適應(2)adjustment n. 調整；調節(jié)；適應make an adjustment/adjustments to 對作出調整(3)adjustable adj. 可調整的，可調節(jié)的練通用adjust的適當形式填空All the new chairs are adjustable,_which can be_adjusted to the height of the individual student. In addition, the adjustment is very easy to operate. It only takes you a short while to_adjust to using it. 單句改錯She must adjust her to new conditions.herherselfMy parents had trouble adjusting to live in an apartment.liveliving完成句子He will have to make_major_adjustments_to_his_thinking if he is to survive in office.要想保住工作，他就必須在觀念上作出重大的改變。寫美(2018北京高考書面表達)這樣，你可以使自己很快適應北京的生活。That_way,_you_may_adjust_yourself_to_the_life_here_in_Beijing_soon.6accustomed adj.習慣于；慣常的記牢(1)be accustomed to (doing) sth. be used to (doing) sth. 習慣(做)某事(表狀態(tài))get/bee accustomed to (doing) sth. get/bee used to (doing) sth. 習慣(做)某事(表動作)(2)accustom vt. 使習慣于accustom oneself to (doing) sth. 使自己習慣于(做)某事練通單句語法填空As we all know, English people are accustomed/used to driving (drive) on the left.To breathe in more fresh air, you must accustom yourself (you) to getting up early.Accustomed(accustom)to living in the countryside, I found it hard to live in the city. 句型轉換We had to get used to the new working conditions.We had to accustom ourselves to the new working conditions.We had to get/bee accustomed to the new working conditions.用準短語be/bee/get accustomed to中的to是介詞，其后需要跟名詞、代詞或動詞ing形式。寫美(2014天津高考書面表達)你將度過一段美好的時光，并且不久就會習慣這里的生活。You_will_have_a_good_time_and_get_accustomed_to_the_life_here_soon.7familiar adj.通曉；熟悉記牢be familiar with .精通，熟悉be familiar to sb. 為某人所熟悉練通句型轉換They are not familiar with charity work, which is still at an early stage in China.Charity work, which is still at an early stage in China, is not familiar to them.The city is quite familiar to him because he is a native of it.He is quite familiar with the city because he is a native of it.用準be familiar to的主語可以是人，也可以是物，賓語通常是人；be familiar with的主語只能是人，賓語是所熟悉的內容或物。寫美(2015天津高考書面表達)我相信這些捐贈的圖書不僅能使你更熟悉中國，而且有助于提高你的漢語。 I_believe_these_donated_books_will_not_only_make_you_more_familiar_with_China_but_help_enhance_your_Chinese.8account n描述，敘述；報道；賬戶 v說明；解釋；認為辨清寫出下列句中account的詞性和含義An old soldier gave us a vivid account of the Long March.n.敘述 Some banks make it difficult to open an account, which is especially for the old.n.賬戶His account of the incident approximates to that of the other witness.n.報道We all account him a qualified teacher, and he is also respected by his students.v.認為 Can you account for your movements on that night？v.解釋記牢(1)on account of由于；因為on no account 決不(置于句首時，句子用部分倒裝)take . into account/considerationtake account of 考慮(2)account for 說明(原因等)；(作出)解釋；占(比例)練通單句語法填空It is said that body language accounts for 55 percent of a first impression while what you say just 7 percent.He is in a state of deep depression on account of his failure in the exam.完成句子He had to leave his beloved basketball team on_account_of_his_injured_legs.由于腿傷他不得不離開自己深愛的籃球隊。On no account can_we_ignore the value of knowledge, as well as practical experience.我們絕對不能忽略知識的價值，以及實際的經(jīng)驗。用準on no account意為“決不”，放在句首時常引起句子的部分倒裝，有類似用法的短語還包括：by no means, in no way, in no case, on no condition, under no circumstances, at no time等。寫美(2014浙江高考書面表達)我真誠地希望你會考慮我的建議。I_sincerely_hope_that_you_will_take_my_suggestions_into_account/consideration.詞匯過關綜合訓練.單詞拼寫1He hugged (擁抱) her and handed her a bouquet of beautiful roses.2Due to the present price level, we cannot help but adjust (調整) our offer.3He, together with his bride, would like all of you to be present at his wedding (婚禮)4It snowed throughout (自始至終) the night. The whole town was covered with snow.5Retell (復述) what happened on the island one early morning in autumn.6Unfortunately the new software has failed to meet expectations (期望)7I thought it was a great way to study gestures (手勢)8I know from their greetings (問候) how much they expected of me.9The mother found that her son had a musical (音樂的) talent.10There are many mysterious (神秘的) stories about the Egyptian pyramids.單句語法填空1Innocent people get into trouble on account of others misfortune.2It is not an easy thing to get accustomed to_living (live) in a pletely strange environment.3Passengers are permitted to_carry (carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.4Local zoning laws prohibit building (build) near property lines.5I want to express my sincere congratulations (congratulate) on your success.6He was familiar to me but I couldnt think of his name at once. 7His manner was slightly (slight) rude, but you neednt mind.8We all think she should be praised for her bravery (brave). 9Weve had to make some adjustments (adjust) to our original calculations.10The Chinese munity here are shooting off fireworks in celebration (celebrate) of the Chinese New Year.單句改錯1While planning the development strategy, we must take the overall situation in account.ininto2We will throw a party to congratulate to him on his promotion.去掉第二個to3He wants to do well in his studies and adjust the new culture.adjust后加to4I have been accustomed to get up early in the morning since I came to senior high school.getgetting5It was the bad weather that prohibited them in going to the science museum.infrom.一句多譯1他總是樂于幫助他人，因此在這兒大家都熟悉他。(familiar)He is always willing to help others, so everyone here is_familiar_with_him.He is always willing to help others, so he is_familiar_to_everyone here.2我們必須保證飲用水的純凈。We must ensure_the_purity_of_drinking_water. (ensure sth.)We must ensure_that_drinking_water_is_pure. (ensure that)We must make_sure_that_drinking_water_is_pure.(make sure that)3如果天氣條件允許，我們明天就去長城。If_weather_permits,_we will go to the Great Wall tomorrow.(if從句)Weather_permitting,_we will go to the Great Wall tomorrow.(獨立主格)(一)課前自主學習1let_alone更不用說2show_sb._around 帶某人參觀、游覽3take_up串記1 占據(jù)(時間或空間)4have_power_over 控制，支配5be_aware_of 知道，意識到6shake_hands_with_sb. 與某人握手7be_home_to 為的所在地/棲息地/家園8adjust_to 適應9be_familiar_with串記2 對熟悉；通曉10provide_._with_. 給提供11be_supposed_to_do_sth. 應該做某事12get_accustomed_to_(doing)_sth. 習慣(做)某事13after_all串記3 畢竟，終究14do_without 沒有也行15belong_to 屬于16take_place 發(fā)生；舉行17congratulate_sb._on_sth. 祝賀某人某事18be_connected_with 與有聯(lián)系19meet_with 遇見，碰到同根短語串記串記1.“v.up”短語大閱兵take up 占據(jù)(時間或空間)pack up 打包build up 逐漸增加bring up 撫養(yǎng)；使長大set up 建立；豎立put up 建造；舉起；張貼make up 組成；虛構；彌補；化妝e up 走近；上來；上升；被提出give up 放棄break up 打碎；拆散；結束串記2.“beadj.with”高頻短語be familiar with 對熟悉be satisfied with 對滿意be mad with 因發(fā)瘋be bored with 厭煩be busy with 忙于be popular with 受歡迎be angry with 對發(fā)怒be strict with 對要求嚴格be patient with 對耐心be content with 對滿意串記3.結識all相關短語after all 畢竟，終究in all 總共，合計all in all 總的來說，大體而言at all 根本；完全above all 首先，最重要的1a number of years 很多年2in the future 將來3sound like 聽起來像4get into trouble 陷入困境5have no idea 不知道6minority cultures 少數(shù)民族文化7on this trip 在這次旅行中8at the endofterm ceremony 在期末慶典上1Many foreigners have_trouble_getting accustomed to it. 很多外國人很難習慣這一點。2One_reason_why there are so many French words in English is_that the French ruled England for quite a number of years. 英語里有如此多的法語詞匯的一個原因是法國人曾統(tǒng)治英格蘭相當長一段時間。3They dislike_it_when people do not look at the cards, so remember not to just put them in your pocket without looking. 他們不喜歡人們不看名片，所以要記住，不要看都不看就把名片塞進口袋。學考對接活學活用高考采擷(一)閱讀中的詞塊和句式(完成句子)1(2015全國卷閱讀C)The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is_met_with (與相遇) the beginning, the world of birth.2(2015北京高考閱讀七選五)Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being_unaware_of_(不知道) whats happening around them.高考采擷(二)寫作中的短語和句式(根據(jù)提示翻譯句子)1(2016江蘇高考書面表達)很多人不喜歡別人催促他們給那些他們甚至不在意的比賽進行網(wǎng)上投票。(dislike it從句)Many_people_dislike_it_when_they_are_urged_to_cast_online_votes_for_petitions_that_they_even_dont_care.2(2009江蘇高考書面表達)對于大多數(shù)人來說，沒有鼠標操作電腦幾乎是不可能的，更不用說上網(wǎng)了。(let alone)For_most_people,_its_almost_impossible_to_operate_a_puter_without_a_mouse,_let_alone_surf_the_Internet.(二)課堂重點釋疑短語集釋take up 占據(jù)(時間或空間)；開始從事；拿起；接受；繼續(xù)辨清寫出下列句中take up的含義Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？接受The aim was not to take up valuable time with the usual boring pictures.占據(jù)She took up the story where Tim had left off.繼續(xù)I always take up the book and read when I am in low spirits.拿起He will take up his post as the head of the civil courts at the end of next month.開始從事記牢take in吸收；領會，理解；欺騙take back 收回(說過的話)；退回(貨物)；與重歸于好take down 寫下；拆除take on 呈現(xiàn)(新面貌)；開始雇用；承擔責任練通選用上述短語填空I was taken_in by the salesman the car turned out to be uneconomical and unreliable.We cant take_on any more work were fully stretched at the moment.Emerson would always take_down new ideas that occurred to him.He would neither apologize nor take_back what he had said.寫美(2011四川高考書面表達)我認為參加課后活動沒有占據(jù)太多的時間。I_dont_think_taking_part_in_afterclass_activities_has_taken_up_too_much_time.句式集釋1have trouble (in) doing sth.教材原句Many foreigners have_trouble_getting accustomed to it. 悟拓展例句(1)The experts are trying to find out the reason why many teenagers have_trouble_(in)_municating_with their parents.專家們正在努力地弄清楚為什么很多青少年和父母交流有困難。(2)Whenever we have_trouble_with_our_studies,_our teachers help us patiently.每逢我們在學習上遇到困難，老師總是耐心輔導。析用法規(guī)則用法歸納(1)have trouble (in) doing sth.意為“做某事有困難”，trouble為不可數(shù)名詞，前面可加修飾詞much, little, no等。trouble可換用difficulty(不可數(shù)名詞)，意思不變。(2)have trouble/difficulty with sth.“做某事有困難”，后為名詞時，前用介詞with。注意事項對于句式have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.的考查，常把trouble/difficulty 提前，后跟定語從句，省略介詞in，導致have與后面的動名詞連在一起，做題時要注意辨別。You cant imagine what great difficulty we have ever had dealing with the problems.背寫作佳句(1)(2018浙江高考寫作佳句)I can speak fluent English and I have little trouble municating with foreigners.(要點句)(2)(2017全國卷滿分作文)You can turn to me whenever you have trouble in understanding Tang poems.(總結句)2One reason why . is that . 教材原句One_reason_why there are so many French words in English is_that the French ruled England for quite a number of years.悟拓展例句(1)The reason why he got so angry was that he found his son lying to him.他如此生氣的原因是他發(fā)現(xiàn)兒子在對他撒謊。(2)The reason that/which he explained at the meeting was that he didnt catch the first bus.他在會議上解釋的理由是他沒有趕上早班車。(3)Why dont you believe the reason that my car was held up in the traffic jam?你為什么不相信我堵車了這個理由呢？析用法規(guī)則用法歸納(1)reason后的定語從句缺狀語，用關系副詞why或for which引導。(2)reason后的定語從句缺主語或賓語，用關系代詞that/which引導。(3)the reason后接同位語從句解釋其內容時，引導詞用that。注意事項(1)That/This/It is why . “那/這就是的原因”，why從句表示結果；That/This/It is because . “那/這是因為”，because從句表示原因。There was a lot of work to do. That is why I didnt go to the cinema that day.有很多工作要做。那就是我那天沒去看電影的原因。(2)主語為名詞reason時，表語從句中的連接詞要用that/which，而不用why或because。背寫作佳句(1)(2016全國卷滿分作文)The reason why I cant go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon is that I have to attend an important meeting that afternoon.(開頭句)(2)(2015浙江高考寫作佳句)The main reason why I choose to give it up is that being brought up in a culture emphasizing collectivism, I tend to sacrifice my own interest for the group benefit.(要點句)詞塊、句式過關綜合訓練.選詞填空provide . with ., do without, take up, be aware of, let alone, get accustomed to, show sb. around, be supposed to1I havent decided on the menu yet, let_alone bought the food.2My classmates took the time to show me around and introduce some of their friends to me.3We are_aware_of the potential problems and have take