2018-2019學年高中英語 Unit 10 Money Section Ⅳ Language Points(Ⅱ)學案 北師大版必修4.doc

Section Language Points()( Lesson 2 & Lesson 3)語 言 基 礎 自 測.單詞拼寫根據(jù)漢語或首字母提示，寫出下列單詞1Dont be ashamed(慚愧的) to say you havent got much money when the item you want is expensive for you.2We like it if David is enthusiastic(熱情的)about our plan.3It is not who is right but what is right that is of importance(重要性)4The information you need is contained(包含)in this report.5puter games mainly appeal(吸引)to young people.6I find it annoying when people smoke in public places.7Will you resign，sir?No ment!8Mum always tells me to behave myself when I go out.9I lost my balance and fell down from the bike.10The world is changing so fast that some of us arepuzzled what to do next.拓展詞匯根據(jù)詞性和漢語提示，寫出下列單詞1ashamed adj.羞恥的，慚愧的shame n羞愧，羞恥shameful adj.可恥的2amusement n樂趣，娛樂活動amuse v娛樂3puzzle vt.使困惑puzzled adj.困惑的puzzling adj.令人困惑的4behave vi.舉止，表現(xiàn)behaviour n行為，表現(xiàn)5advance vi.取得進展，前進advanced adj.先進的，高級的尋規(guī)律、巧記憶n.fuladj.v.mentn.harmful 有害的powerful 強有力的meaningful 有意義的arrangement 安排argument 爭論development 發(fā)展.補全短語根據(jù)提示補全下列短語1deal with處理，應付2appeal to 吸引，呼吁3hand over 移交4play an important role in 在扮演重要角色5match.with. 把與配對6be confident about 對有自信7be ashamed of 對感到羞愧8to be exact 確切地說9take off 減去，扣除10start with 以開始.選詞填空用上述短語的適當形式填空1He started with the aim of injuring others，only to end up ruining himself.2For lack of work experience，he is not able to deal with the situation.3Mary appealed to him for help，but he turned his back on her.4He is，to be exact，sixteen years old，and he is not old enough to join the army.5When Mr.Smith gets old，he will hand over his business to his son.尋規(guī)律、巧記憶handadv.動詞短語takeadv.動詞短語hand down 傳給(后代)hand in 上交hand out 分發(fā)take down 取下；記下take in 吸收；欺騙take out 提取；帶出.經(jīng)典句式仿寫背教材原句記句式結構仿寫促落實1.something that is of very good value非常有價值的東西be of very good value屬于“be of名詞”結構，相當于形容詞用法。大家一致認為他的觀點很有用。His opinion is considered to be of great use.2.If so，it is time for you to think again.若真這樣想的話，現(xiàn)在到了你重新考慮的時候了。if so是省略句式，意為“如果這樣的話”，so代替上文的內(nèi)容。這個周末你有空嗎？如果有，我們?nèi)ヒ盃I吧！Will you be free this Sunday？If so，lets go camping！3.In fact，it is you who have the most important role to play in stopping Yellow River erosion.事實上，你才是阻止黃河水土流失最重要的人?！癐ts .that/who”構成強調(diào)句型。直到她摘下墨鏡我才意識到她是個著名的電影明星。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.核 心 要 點 探 究 (教材P10)something that is of very good value非常有價值的東西【要點提煉】of very good value屬于“of名詞”結構，相當于very valuable。(1)be of抽象名詞，相當于該名詞的形容詞，該短語作表語或后置定語，常見的名詞有：value，use，importance，help，benefit等。這類名詞可用no，some，any，little，much，great等詞修飾。(2)有些抽象名詞沒有相應的形容詞形式，如：size，style，price，age，shape，length，depth，color，height，quality等，這類名詞可用a，an，the same，different，good等修飾。表示不同的人或物的共同特征。The factory set up the year before is of great significance to this areas economy.The factory set up the year before is very significant to this areas economy.前年建起的這個工廠對這個地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟有著重大的意義。This machine is of good quality，but its too expensive.這臺機器質(zhì)量好，但是太貴。The two pairs of shoes he bought yesterday are (of) the same colour.他昨天買的兩雙鞋顏色一樣。This dictionary is very important to my translation，while that one is of no importance(important)這本詞典對我的翻譯來說很重要，而那本則不重要。 bargain n& vi.討價還價；便宜貨(教材P10)Which of the following do most British people bargain for?下面哪一項是大多數(shù)英國人最易討價還價的？(1)bargain with sb.about/over/for sth.就和某人討價還價bargain for/on sth. (常用于否定句)預料到；料想到(2)make a bargain with sb. 和某人達成協(xié)議Its/Thats a (real) bargain. 這(真)是個便宜貨。The coat is a real/good bargain at such a low price.這外套價格這么低，實在便宜。Weve made a bargain that hell do the shopping and Ill cook.我們已經(jīng)講好了，他買東西我做飯。The salesman refused to bargain with us over the price.推銷員拒絕與我們討價還價。We hadnt bargained for such heavy rain，and got really wet.我們沒料到會下這么大的雨，結果渾身都濕透了。 ashamed adj.羞恥的，慚愧的(教材P10)She is not ashamed to say she has not got much money.她并不羞于說她錢不多。(1)be ashamed of(doing)sth.對(做)某事感到慚愧be ashamed to do sth. 以做某事為恥；羞于做某事be ashamed that. 對感到慚愧(2)shame n. 羞愧或遺憾之事to ones shame 使某人感到慚愧的是Its a shame that. 令人惋惜的是(3)shameless adj. 不知羞恥的He was ashamed that he couldnt give an answer.他因回答不出來而覺得羞恥。It is a shame that you cannot join us in this reunion.很可惜你無法參加我們此次的聚會。I am ashamed to tell(tell) anyone that I have failed that driving test again.我羞于告訴任何人我的駕照考試又沒通過。He was ashamed of having failed in the final examination.他因期末考試不及格而感到羞愧。明辨異同ashamed/shamefulashamed指事物使人感到羞恥、慚愧、尷尬等，意為“羞愧的，尷尬的”。主語一般是人。shameful指事物或行為本身可恥的、不道德的，意為“可恥的，丟臉的”。主語多為事物或行為。ashamed，shamefulIt was shameful to make the same mistake again and again.He felt ashamed of having done so little work.語境助記You should be ashamed of your shameful behaviors，or you will be a shameless man.你應該為你可恥的行為感到羞愧，要不然你將是一個不知羞恥的人。 annoy vt.使煩惱，打攪(教材P10)If the person says“no”，she is annoyed.如果那個人說“不”，她會很惱火。(1)annoyed adj.惱怒的；生氣的；煩惱的be annoyed with sb. 對某人生氣be annoyed at/about/for sth. 因某事生氣be annoyed to do sth. 對做某事生氣(2)annoying adj. 使惱怒的；使生氣的；使煩惱的(3)annoyance n. 惱怒，煩惱I was annoyed to find they had left without me.他們撇下我走了，使我很不痛快。We are very annoyed at/about/for his mistake，because we have emphasized this for several times.我們對他的錯誤感到非常生氣，因為我們已經(jīng)對此強調(diào)了許多遍了。I was annoyed with him because he kept interrupting me.我對他煩透了，因為他不停地打斷我的話。I couldnt see her face，but she sounded pretty annoyed(annoy)我看不見她的臉，但聽起來她很煩惱。語境助記I was annoyed at those annoying things because my mind was full of annoyances and those things were annoying me all the time.我因那些令人煩惱的事而生氣，因為我的腦子里都是煩惱之事，那些事情一直在困擾著我。 ment vi.& vt.評論(教材P11)ment on the object.對物品的評價。(1)ment on/upon評論ment that. 說/稱(2)ment n. 評價；評論no ment 無可奉告without ment 未作評論make a ment/ments on/about 評論Everyone mented on her new hat.大家都在評論她的新帽子。No ment.I dont know anything.無可奉告。我什么都不知道。He handed me the document without ment他未作任何評論就把文件交給了我。Its impolite to make ments(ment)on a persons appearance.對他人的外貌做評價是不禮貌的。 appeal to 向呼吁(請求)；投合的心意；引起的興趣(教材P12)Well，if buying a bag of candies or cookies doesnt appeal to you，how about buying a tree instead?那么你如果對買一包糖果或甜點不感興趣，那(用這錢)買一棵樹如何？(1)呼吁/懇求某人做某事appeal to sb. 吸引某人，使某人感興趣(2)have an appeal for 對有吸引力、魅力make an appeal to sb.for sth. 懇求某人做某事make an appeal to sb.to do sth. 呼吁某人(做)某事(3)appealing adj. 有吸引力的；有感染力的；令人感興趣的He appealed to me for help.他向我求助。She appealed to us to go(go)with her.她懇求我們和她同行。The police made an appeal to the public to remain(remain)calm.警方呼吁公眾保持鎮(zhèn)靜。語境助記Martin Luther King appealed to the blacks to appeal to the highest court against racial discrimination，which greatly appealed to the whole world.馬丁路德金呼吁黑人向最高法庭上訴反對種族歧視，這引起了全世界極大的關注。 (教材P12)The soil contains materials to keep the natural balance of the area.這些土壤中含有保持該地區(qū)大自然平衡的物質(zhì)。(1)contain vt.包含，含有；容納(1)contain oneself控制自己(2)container n. 容器，集裝箱The room is too small to contain so many people.房間太小容納不了那么多人。He was so excited that he could hardly contain himself.他激動得不能自已。明辨異同include/containinclude側重“范圍”，用于表示所包含之物中的一部分。在句中常構成分詞短語sb./sth. included或including sb./sth.contain可用于表示包含所含之物的全部或部分。更具體地說，contain指一個較大事物中所容納的部分，有封閉于一個整體的感覺。用contain/include的適當形式填空Put into the box as much as it will containEveryone was annoyed by his rude remarks，me includedOur textbook contains twelve units.Six people were killed，including a child.語境助記Nicetasting fruits containing vitamin C sell well，including oranges，pineapples and so on.含有維生素C的好吃的水果銷量很好，包括橘子、菠蘿等。(2)balance n平衡；天平 vt.權衡，對比；使平衡；抵消，跟相抵(1)keep/lose ones balance保持/失去平衡keep a balance between.and. 保持之間的平衡keep.in balance 使處于平衡狀態(tài)(2)balance.with. 使和保持平衡(3)balanced adj. 平衡的a balanced diet 均衡飲食John lost his balance and fell off the ladder.約翰失去了平衡，從梯子上掉了下來。She has learned to balance home with career.她已學會平衡家庭和事業(yè)之間的關系。Youd better keep a balanced(balance)diet for the benefit of your health.為了有益于身體健康你最好保持均衡飲食。圖形助記balancekeep ones balancelose ones balance (教材P12)If so，it is time for you to think again.若真這樣想的話，現(xiàn)在到了你重新考慮的時候了?！疽c提煉】句中If so為條件狀語從句If it is so的省略，意為“如果是這樣的話，”so代替前面的分句或句子的意思。(1)常見的if.省略結構有：ifso：如果這樣的話ifnot：可視為一個否定的條件狀語從句的省略形式ifever：通常與seldom連用，表示“極少”、“難得”if代詞：構成if anyone，if any，if anything等if形容詞：if necessary (如果需要的話)，if possible(如果可能的話)if過去分詞：if與分詞之間省略了主語和be，即狀語從句的省略(2)在表示時間、讓步、條件等狀語從句中，若主、從句的主語一致或從句的主語是it，且謂語中含有be動詞時，常省略從句的主語和be動詞。I might see you tomorrow.If not，itll be Saturday.我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天，那就是周六。There are few people nowadays，if any，who remember him.當今記得他的人，如果有的話，也不多了。When visiting(visit) another country，you should be aware of those differences and respect them.當你參觀另外一個國家的時候，你應該意識到這些差異并尊敬這些差異。Video games can be a poor influence if left (leave) in the wrong hands.如果電子游戲落入一個錯誤的人手中就能夠產(chǎn)生一個不良影響。 (教材P12)In fact，it is you who have the most important role to play in stopping Yellow River erosion.事實上，你才是阻止黃河水土流失最重要的人?！疽c提煉】本句是由it is(was).that(who)引起的強調(diào)句。強調(diào)句式可以強調(diào)除謂語動詞和表語以外的其他所有的句子成分，用來加強語氣。不同句式的強調(diào)句型：(1)一般疑問句的強調(diào)句型：Is/Was it被強調(diào)部分that/who.(2)特殊疑問句的強調(diào)句型：特殊疑問詞is/was itthat/who.(3)not.until.的強調(diào)句型：It is/was not until.that.It was Li Ming that (who) I met at the railway station yesterday.昨天我在火車站遇到的是李明。Was it yesterday that you met your teacher in the street?你是昨天在大街上碰到你的老師的嗎？When was it that they went abroad?他們什么時候出國的？It was not until we entered university that we began studying French.我們進入了大學才開始學法語。名師點津“強調(diào)結構”五注意(1)強調(diào)句型中，被強調(diào)部分可以是主語、賓語、表語或狀語，不強調(diào)謂語；(2)that只起連接作用，不作成分，但不能省略；強調(diào)的主語如果是人，that和who 都可用；(3)強調(diào)主語時，that后的謂語動詞要與被強調(diào)者保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。(4)即使被強調(diào)的主語是復數(shù)，It后的be動詞也用單數(shù)；(5)判斷是否是強調(diào)句型的方法：還原法，即把強調(diào)句型“It is(was).that(who).”去掉，若被強調(diào)部分歸位后，能夠形成一個完整的句子，即為強調(diào)句。 puzzle vt.使困惑 n謎；難題；令人費解的事(教材P12)Still puzzled how your 5 yuan can have so much effect?還是不理解你的五元錢怎么會有那么大的作用嗎？(1)puzzle about/over.苦苦思索 使某人困惑的是be in a puzzle 處于困惑之中(2)puzzling adj. 令人困惑的puzzled adj. 困惑的，迷惑不解的be puzzled by/about/over. 對感到迷惑不解What puzzled me was that why she made no response to my email.令我感到困惑的是，她為什么沒有回復我的郵件。He read the email his wife posted to him with a puzzled(puzzle)expression on his face.他讀了妻子給他的電子郵件，表情疑惑。Im puzzled about this situation.我對這種情況感到迷惑。語境助記Although he had been puzzling about the puzzling problem for weeks，the puzzled look on his face suggested he was still puzzled over it that is，he was still in a puzzle.那個令人費解的問題盡管他已冥思苦想了好幾個星期，但是他臉上困惑的表情表明他仍然對此感到迷惑不解也就是說，他仍然處于困惑之中。 behave vi.舉止，表現(xiàn) vt.表現(xiàn)得體，有禮貌(教材P13)At that time，women were expected to stay at home，take care of their husbands and children，and behave like ladies.那時，人們希望婦女們待在家里，照顧她們的丈夫和孩子，并且行為舉止要有女人樣。(1)behave well/badly(to/towards)表現(xiàn)好/差；對某人好/差behave oneself 規(guī)矩點，有禮貌(2)behaviour n. 舉止；行為(3)wellbehaved adj. 表現(xiàn)好的badlybehaved adj. 表現(xiàn)差的He behaves well in the school.他在學校里表現(xiàn)良好。Its amazing that they should have behaved badly to/towards their English teacher.真是令人吃驚，他們竟然對他們的英語老師這么不禮貌。The teacher will not tolerate bad behaviours(behave)in class.那位老師不會容忍班上不規(guī)矩的行為。 advance vi.前進；取得進展n前進；進展(教材P13)They were determined to take the opportunity to advance across the river.他們決定利用這個機會過河前進。(1)advance on/towards向前進advance in 在方面有進展/進步(2)make great advances(in) 在方面取得很大進步in advance 提前；預先；事前in advance of 在前；超過(3)advanced adj. 高級的，先進的Everything was fixed in advance.一切都是預先安排好的。She advanced greatly in her knowledge.她在學識上大有長進。All the more technically advanced(advance)countries put a high value on science.所有技術上較先進的國家都高度重視科學。隨 堂 效 果 落 實.單句語法填空1But in fact sports and games can be of great value，especially to people who work with their brains most of the day. 2The teachers explanation clarifies the puzzling(puzzle)problem.3She has an annoying(annoy)habit of biting her fingernails.4It was not until 12 oclock last night that my father came home.5To make sure that he was at home，I called him up in advance.6The president is planning for a balanced(balance)budget.7He refused to ment(ment)until after the trial.8She made the last appeal to her father to forgive(forgive)her.9The poor boy was ashamed of his ragged cloths.10I hope the children behave themselves(they).單句改錯1These shoes are real bargain at such a low price.real后加a2My husband seemed a bit annoying that dinner was not on the table.annoyingannoyed3He always mented to laws and policies.toon4Italy is getting a lot of attention this year in China.Its art，culture and fashion appeal many students.appeal后加to5This book contain observations about the causes of addictions.containcontains語 法 專 項 突 破動詞不定式自主領悟 先觀察原句后自主感悟Would you like to be a millionaire？The soil contains materials to keep the natural balance of the area.On land with rich soil，local farmer can grow crops to make a living.In some areas in ShanXi Province，this has destroyed almost all the land，and has forced many local farmers to move to other areas.If so，it is time for you to think again.動詞不定式短語在句中的句法功能：句作賓語；句作定語；句作目的狀語；句作賓語補足語；句作主語。精要點撥動詞不定式是一種非謂語動詞形式，其結構為“to動詞原形”，其中to是動詞不定式的符號。動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，其否定形式是在to前加not。不定式具有動詞的特征，與其后面的名詞等構成不定式短語；不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用，可以在句子中作主語、表語、賓語、補足語、定語、狀語。一、動詞不定式的三種主要結構模式：1帶to或不帶to：(to)do sth.Our teacher asks us to be grateful to our parents.老師叫我們要感恩父母。I saw a stranger enter our munity.我看見一個陌生人進了我們社區(qū)。He told me not to move until he finished the drawing.他告訴我等到他畫完了畫我再動。2疑問詞不定式：how/when/what.to do sth.這一結構在句中可作主語、賓語或表語等，?？赊D換成一個由該疑問詞引導的從句。He told us what to do.(He told us what we should do.)他告訴我們該做些什么。3動詞不定式的復合結構動詞不定式的復合結構為“for/of名詞/代詞(賓格)動詞不定式”，常用于“It is/was形容詞for/ofsb.不定式”這一句型中。當句中的形容詞修飾動詞不定式時，用介詞for；修飾sb.時，用介詞of。It is important for him to attend every day.他每天都要出席，這很重要。It is kind of you to help me with my English.你幫我學英語真是太好了。即時演練1句型轉換I dont know when we will hold the meeting.I dont know when to hold the meeting.We made him work five hours a day.He was made to work five hours a day.The box is so heavy that I cant carry it.The box is too heavy for me to carry二、動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的形式見下表：時態(tài)主動被動意義例句一般式to doto be done不定式表示的動作與謂語表示的動作同時或先后發(fā)生Im glad to see you. 我很高興見到你。進行式to be doing謂語表示的動作(情況)發(fā)生時，不定式表示的動作正在進行He pretended to be reading a book when I came in. 當我進來的時候他假裝正在讀書。完成式to have doneto have been done不定式表示的動作先于謂語表示的動作We seem to have met each other before. 我們好像以前見過面。完成進行式to have been doing不定式表示的動作先于謂語表示的動作，且謂語表示的動作發(fā)生時該不定式表示的動作仍在進行He is said to have been studying abroad，but I dont know which country he is studying in. 據(jù)說他一直在國外學習，但是我不知道他在哪個國家學習。即時演練2用所給動詞的正確形式填空She seems to have heard(hear) about this matter.He pretended to be reading(read) when I came in.He was said to have been told(tell) about the news.三、動詞不定式的主要用法1不定式作主語(1)不定式作主語，表示特指的一次性的具體動作。To say is one thing；to do is another.說是一回事，做是另一回事。(2)為了避免句子的頭重腳輕，可以用“it”作形式主語，而把真正的主語動詞不定式(短語)放在句末。It is not easy to learn English well.學好英語不容易。2不定式作表語(1)不定式作表語一般表示具體動作，特別是表示將來的動作。My wish is to join the army after graduation.我的愿望是畢業(yè)后參軍。(2)如果主語的中心詞是aim，duty，hope，idea，job，plan，problem，wish等，或是以what引導的名詞性從句，不定式作表語對其作補充說明。His job is to feed animals.他的工作是喂養(yǎng)動物。3不定式作賓語(1)有些及物動詞常用動詞不定式作賓語。這些動詞有：like，want，try，begin，decide，ask，forget，promise，hope，love，offer，refuse，wish等。(2)動詞不定式在介詞but，other than后面時，如果介詞前有行為動詞do 的某種形式，那么介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則就要帶to。We could do nothing but/other than wait.除了等待我們別無他法。(3)在cant choose but，cant help but，cant but等后面的不定式也要省略to。名師點津常見的只能用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞決心，學會，想，希望(determine/decide，learn，want，hope/expect/wish)拒絕，設法，愿，假裝(refuse，manage，care，pretend)主動，答應，選，計劃(offer，promise，choose，plan)同意，請求，幫一幫(agree，beg，help)4不定式作賓語補足語(1)常跟不定式作賓補的動詞有advise，allow，ask，tell，teach，encourage，cause等。以tell為例，可構成“tell sb.to do sth.”這類結構。The teacher encouraged us to write a position every week.老師鼓勵我們每周寫一篇作文。(2)感官動詞和使役動詞后面作賓補的不定式不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，作主補的不定式需帶to。常見的上述詞有：一感覺：feel；二聽：listen to，hear；三使：let，have，make；四看：see，watch，notice，observe等。另外，help后作賓補的不定式符號to可有可無。I saw him go upstairs just now.我剛才看見他上樓了。He was seen to go upstairs just now.有人看見他剛才上樓了。溫馨提示下列結構中用不定式作主補，例如be said/reported/believed/considered to等。Our football team is reported to have won the match.據(jù)報道，我們的足球隊贏得了這場比賽。5不定式作定語(1)不定式作定語時與所修飾的詞之間存在動賓關系，如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞，一般要跟相應的介詞。He has a lot of problems to deal with.他有許多問題要處理。(2)若名詞前有序數(shù)詞、最高級或no，all，only等修飾，后面一般用不定式作定語。溫馨提示用來修飾抽象名詞時常用不定式作定語，常見的有ability，chance，attempt，warning等。I dont trust his promise to e for a call.我不相信他來訪的諾言。6不定式作狀語不定式作狀語主要有三種情況：(1)目的狀語。in order to和so as to是不定式作目的狀語的正式用法，其中so as to不可置于句首。In order to finish the work in time，we work late into the night every day.為了能及時完成任務，我們每天工作到深夜。(2)結果狀語。通常有句型：too.to do sth.；.enough to do sth.；only to do sth.。I walked all the way from home to the library，only to find it closed.我從家一直步行到圖書館，結果發(fā)現(xiàn)它關門了。(3)原因狀語。主要放在表示喜怒哀樂的情感的詞匯之后。She seemed surprised to meet us.遇見我們，她看起來有點驚訝。即時演練3用所給動詞的適當形式填空With a lot of difficult problems to settle(settle), the newly elected president is having a hard time.Volunteering gives you a chance to change(change) lives，including your own.To make(make) it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.應用落實.單句語法填空1Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students to talk(talk)over what is bothering them. 2To learn(learn)more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.3There were many talented actors out there just waiting to be discovered(discover)4If you are the last student to leave(leave)the room，remember to turn off the lights.5With so many things to deal(deal)with，I have to work late into the night.單句改錯1He made his little sister to do the housework.去掉to2He went back home only find his house had been broken into.only后加to3The new film directed by Zhang Yimou is interesting to be see.去掉be4He is too young not to join the army.去掉not5You can find any chair to sit.sit后加on