高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) Module 8 Unit 24 Society課件 北師大版
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高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) Module 8 Unit 24 Society課件 北師大版
Module 8Unit 24Society 重點(diǎn)單詞重點(diǎn)單詞1abundant adj.大量的,豐富的,充裕的大量的,豐富的,充裕的【精講拓展精講拓展】 abundant supplies 充足的供應(yīng)充足的供應(yīng) an abundance of 豐富的豐富的 in abundance 大量地,豐富,富裕大量地,豐富,富裕 make sth. abundantly clear 清楚地表達(dá)清楚地表達(dá)【典型例句【典型例句】 Wild flowers grow in abundance on the hillsides.山坡上長(zhǎng)滿山坡上長(zhǎng)滿 了野花。了野花。 朗文當(dāng)代朗文當(dāng)代 There is abundant evidence that cars have a harmful effect on the environment. 有充分證據(jù)表明,汽車對(duì)環(huán)境有害。有充分證據(jù)表明,汽車對(duì)環(huán)境有害。 劍橋高階劍橋高階 Its abundantly clear what the outcome will be.結(jié)果會(huì)怎樣已結(jié)果會(huì)怎樣已 非常清楚。非常清楚。 朗文當(dāng)代朗文當(dāng)代即學(xué)即用即學(xué)即用翻譯句子翻譯句子我國自然資源豐富。我國自然資源豐富。_該島盛產(chǎn)水果和蔬菜。該島盛產(chǎn)水果和蔬菜。_Our country is abundant in natural resources.Fruit and vegetables grew in abundance on the island.2burden n. & v重?fù)?dān);負(fù)擔(dān);重?fù)?dān);負(fù)擔(dān);(使使)擔(dān)負(fù)擔(dān)負(fù) 【精講拓展精講拓展】 to bear/ carry/ ease/ reduce/share the burden 承受承受/擔(dān)負(fù)擔(dān)負(fù)/減輕減輕/ 減少減少/分擔(dān)重?fù)?dān)分擔(dān)重?fù)?dān) the burden of sth. 的重?fù)?dān)的重?fù)?dān) a burden on/ to sb. 加給某人的重?fù)?dān)加給某人的重?fù)?dān) become a burden to sb. 成為某人的負(fù)擔(dān)成為某人的負(fù)擔(dān) burden sb./ oneself with sth./be burdened with sth. 給某人給某人 以以重?fù)?dān)重?fù)?dān)【典型例句【典型例句】 People on high incomes face a huge tax burden. 高收入的人面對(duì)著要繳納的巨額稅款的重?fù)?dān)。高收入的人面對(duì)著要繳納的巨額稅款的重?fù)?dān)。 朗文當(dāng)代朗文當(dāng)代 Buying a house often places a large financial burden on young couples. 買房子往往會(huì)讓年輕夫婦背上沉重的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)。買房子往往會(huì)讓年輕夫婦背上沉重的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)。 劍橋高階劍橋高階 I will not burden you with a lengthy account of what happened. 我不想將事情的經(jīng)過詳加敘述,免得給你增加負(fù)擔(dān)。我不想將事情的經(jīng)過詳加敘述,免得給你增加負(fù)擔(dān)。朗文當(dāng)代朗文當(dāng)代翻譯句子翻譯句子男人們說他們?cè)敢夥謸?dān)家務(wù)活的重?fù)?dān)。男人們說他們?cè)敢夥謸?dān)家務(wù)活的重?fù)?dān)。 3resign vt. & vi.辭職;辭去辭職;辭去( (工作、職位等工作、職位等) ) 【精講拓展精講拓展】 resign from 辭去辭去職務(wù)職務(wù) resign as 辭職辭職 resign sb. to 把某人托交給把某人托交給 resign oneself to (doing) sth. 聽從聽從,順從,順從(to為介詞為介詞) resign ones post/ position 辭去職務(wù)辭去職務(wù) resign n辭職辭職(書書),辭呈;放棄,辭呈;放棄Men say they are willing to share the burden of domestic work.【典型例句【典型例句】 She resigned from the committee/ resigned as a member of the committee. 她辭去了委員會(huì)的職務(wù)。她辭去了委員會(huì)的職務(wù)。 朗文當(dāng)代朗文當(dāng)代 He resigned his post because he had been offered a better job. 他辭職了,因?yàn)樗辛烁玫墓ぷ鳌Ko職了,因?yàn)樗辛烁玫墓ぷ鳌?朗文當(dāng)代朗文當(dāng)代 She resigned as director.她辭去了董事職務(wù)。她辭去了董事職務(wù)。 劍橋高階劍橋高階 即學(xué)即用即學(xué)即用翻譯句子翻譯句子他似乎相當(dāng)聽天由命。他似乎相當(dāng)聽天由命。_他遞交了辭職書。他遞交了辭職書。_He seems quite resigned to his fate.He handed/sent in his resign. 4undertake vt. 著手做,從事,進(jìn)行;擔(dān)任,承擔(dān),許諾著手做,從事,進(jìn)行;擔(dān)任,承擔(dān),許諾 【精講拓展精講拓展】 undertake sth. 承擔(dān)某事承擔(dān)某事 undertake to do sth. 許諾做某事,同意做某事許諾做某事,同意做某事 undertake that. 保證保證 undertake for. 為為負(fù)責(zé)負(fù)責(zé)警示誤區(qū)警示誤區(qū):undertake sb. that. 這一結(jié)構(gòu)不正確,只可用這一結(jié)構(gòu)不正確,只可用undertake to do/that從句從句?!镜湫屠洹镜湫屠洹?She undertook responsibility for the changes. 她承擔(dān)了作出這些改變的責(zé)任。她承擔(dān)了作出這些改變的責(zé)任。 The Channel Tunnel is one of the biggest engineering projects ever undertaken. 海峽隧道是人們迄今所承建的最大的工程之一。海峽隧道是人們迄今所承建的最大的工程之一。 He undertook to pay the money back within six months. 他保證六個(gè)月之內(nèi)還錢。他保證六個(gè)月之內(nèi)還錢。 The government undertook that the buildings would not be redeveloped. 政府承諾不會(huì)改造這些大樓。政府承諾不會(huì)改造這些大樓。 劍橋高階劍橋高階即學(xué)即用即學(xué)即用The boss _ to pay _ the rest of my salary the next month. Aundertook;for Badmitted;off Cundertook;off Dadmitted;for 解析:解析:undertake to do sth.答應(yīng)答應(yīng)/承諾干某事;承諾干某事;admit n/ doing 承認(rèn)承認(rèn);pay off 償清,還清;償清,還清; pay for 付錢付錢 (買買),由句意知,由句意知C正確。正確。 答案:答案:CThe fortystorey building is one of the most challenging engineering projects they have _. Aundergone Bovertaken Cunderstood Dundertaken 解析:解析:undergo“經(jīng)歷、遭受經(jīng)歷、遭受(不好的體驗(yàn)不好的體驗(yàn))”overtake趕上,超趕上,超 過;過;understand理解;理解;undertake從事,承擔(dān)。從事,承擔(dān)。 答案:答案:D5sentence vi.& n宣判,判決;句子宣判,判決;句子 【精講拓展精講拓展】 sentence sb. to sth. 給某人判給某人判刑,宣判某人刑,宣判某人罪刑罪刑(常用常用 被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)) be sentenced to death/life imprisonment /three years in prison 被判處死刑被判處死刑/ 終身監(jiān)禁終身監(jiān)禁/ 三年徒刑三年徒刑 serve a sentence 服刑服刑 a death/life sentence 死刑死刑/無期徒刑無期徒刑 pass/pronounce /give sentence on sb. 給某人判刑給某人判刑 sententious adj. 多格言警句的,說教的多格言警句的,說教的警示誤區(qū)警示誤區(qū):sentence最常見的意思是最常見的意思是“句子句子”;sentence 當(dāng)當(dāng)“判決,判決,宣判,判刑宣判,判刑”講時(shí)既是名詞,講時(shí)既是名詞, 也可作動(dòng)詞,常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。也可作動(dòng)詞,常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。【典型例句典型例句】 He received a heavy/light sentence.他受到重他受到重/輕判。輕判。 When the jury has given its verdict,the judge will pass/pronounce sentence(on him) 陪審團(tuán)做出裁定之后,法官便宣布陪審團(tuán)做出裁定之后,法官便宣布(對(duì)他的對(duì)他的)判決。判決。 The death sentence has been abolished in Britain,and now you get a life sentence for murder. 在英國死刑已被廢除,現(xiàn)在謀殺罪會(huì)被判處無期徒刑。在英國死刑已被廢除,現(xiàn)在謀殺罪會(huì)被判處無期徒刑。 The judge sentenced the drug dealer to twenty years in prison. 法官判決這名毒販法官判決這名毒販20年監(jiān)禁。年監(jiān)禁。 美國傳統(tǒng)美國傳統(tǒng)即學(xué)即用即學(xué)即用翻譯句子翻譯句子犯人已服刑期滿,明天將獲釋。犯人已服刑期滿,明天將獲釋。_他被判六年徒刑。他被判六年徒刑。(用用sentence的名詞形式的名詞形式)_The prisoner has served his sentence and will be released tomorrow.He received a sixyear sentence.重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)短語1come into being 形成;存在形成;存在 【精講拓展精講拓展】 come into effect 生效,實(shí)施生效,實(shí)施 come into use 開始使用開始使用 come into contact 聯(lián)系聯(lián)系 come into existence 形成形成 come into force 生效,實(shí)施生效,實(shí)施 come into sight 看見看見 【典型例句【典型例句】 The society first came into being in 1912.于于1912年成立的協(xié)會(huì)。年成立的協(xié)會(huì)。 The new tax rates will come into effect from April.新稅率將從新稅率將從4 月生效。月生效。即學(xué)即用即學(xué)即用 Dinosaurs lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans _. Acame into being Bcame into contact Ccame into force Dcame into sight 解析:解析:考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析,考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析,A項(xiàng)意為項(xiàng)意為“形成,存在形成,存在”;B項(xiàng)意項(xiàng)意為為 “聯(lián)系聯(lián)系”;C項(xiàng)意為項(xiàng)意為“生效生效”;D意為意為“看見看見”。句意為:在。句意為:在人類存人類存 在幾千年以前,恐龍就生活在地球上。在幾千年以前,恐龍就生活在地球上。 答案:答案:A2knock into sb.撞上某人,偶然遇上某人撞上某人,偶然遇上某人 【精講拓展精講拓展】 knock out sb. 打暈?zāi)橙舜驎災(zāi)橙?knock back 使震驚,使大吃一驚使震驚,使大吃一驚 knock down 擊倒,撞倒;擊落擊倒,撞倒;擊落 knock off 把把打掉;停止做某事打掉;停止做某事 knock at 敲敲【典型例句【典型例句】 The news of her death really knocked him back. 她去世的消息著實(shí)讓他大吃一驚。她去世的消息著實(shí)讓他大吃一驚。 朗文當(dāng)代朗文當(dāng)代 He was knocked down by a drunk driver. 他被一名醉漢開車撞倒。他被一名醉漢開車撞倒。 朗文當(dāng)代朗文當(dāng)代 I knocked into an old friend of mine in the park. 我在公園里碰見一位老朋友。我在公園里碰見一位老朋友。 朗文當(dāng)代朗文當(dāng)代 Lets knock off work for today. 我們今天就干到這兒吧。我們今天就干到這兒吧。 美國傳統(tǒng)美國傳統(tǒng)即學(xué)即用即學(xué)即用Lost in thought,he almost _ a man who carried a heavy box. Aknocked down Bknocked out Cknocked back Dknocked into 解析解析:考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析??疾閯?dòng)詞短語辨析。knocked down “擊倒擊倒” knocked out “打暈打暈”;knocked back“使大吃一驚使大吃一驚”; knocked into“撞撞 上上”,句意為:由于走神,他差一點(diǎn)撞上一個(gè)扛著重箱的人。,句意為:由于走神,他差一點(diǎn)撞上一個(gè)扛著重箱的人。 答案:答案:D3wind sb. up 故意惹惱某人故意惹惱某人( (尤指開玩笑尤指開玩笑) ) 【精講拓展精講拓展】 wind sth. up 結(jié)束,關(guān)閉結(jié)束,關(guān)閉(公司、企業(yè)等公司、企業(yè)等),停止?fàn)I業(yè),停止?fàn)I業(yè) wind sth. up adj. /adv./ prep./ ving “意外地意外地”以以告告 終,落個(gè)終,落個(gè)(的下場(chǎng)的下場(chǎng)) wind ones way 蜿蜒曲折而行蜿蜒曲折而行 警示誤區(qū)警示誤區(qū):wind 作作“卷,繞,搖卷,繞,搖”等含義時(shí),其讀音為等含義時(shí),其讀音為/waind/其過去式,過去分詞為其過去式,過去分詞為wound/waund/wound/waund/。【典型例句【典型例句】 We wound up the meeting with a vote of thanks to the chairman. 我們以鼓掌向主席致謝結(jié)束會(huì)議。我們以鼓掌向主席致謝結(jié)束會(huì)議。 朗文當(dāng)代朗文當(dāng)代 My watch was running slow,so I wound up being late. 我的表慢了,結(jié)果我就遲到了。我的表慢了,結(jié)果我就遲到了。 美國傳統(tǒng)美國傳統(tǒng) Youll wind up in hospital if you drive so fast. 你開車這么快,最后會(huì)落得個(gè)進(jìn)醫(yī)院的下場(chǎng)。你開車這么快,最后會(huì)落得個(gè)進(jìn)醫(yī)院的下場(chǎng)。 朗文當(dāng)代朗文當(dāng)代 Dont take any noticeshes just trying to wind you up. 別在意,她只是在逗弄你。別在意,她只是在逗弄你。 朗文當(dāng)代朗文當(dāng)代 The clocks stopped;youd better wind it (up)鐘停了,你鐘停了,你 最好上上發(fā)條。最好上上發(fā)條。 朗文當(dāng)代朗文當(dāng)代即學(xué)即用即學(xué)即用We eventually _ staying in a little hotel a few miles from the town. Awinded up Bwound up Cgave up Dput up 解析:解析:考查動(dòng)詞詞組意義辨析。句意為:我們最終在離城幾英考查動(dòng)詞詞組意義辨析。句意為:我們最終在離城幾英 里的一家小旅店里落腳。里的一家小旅店里落腳。wind up “以以告終告終/終結(jié)終結(jié)”,后可,后可以以 跟跟adj. /adv. /v.ing等,等,wind 表示此義時(shí),過去式應(yīng)為表示此義時(shí),過去式應(yīng)為wound; give up doing意為意為“放棄做某事放棄做某事”;put up雖有雖有“投宿,投宿,在在過過 夜夜”之意,但常用之意,但常用 put up at a hotel“在旅館過夜在旅館過夜”?;?。或put sb. up“為某人提供住宿,留某人住在家中為某人提供住宿,留某人住在家中”。因此只有。因此只有B符合語境符合語境 和用法,且拼寫形式正確。和用法,且拼寫形式正確。 答案:答案:B4show off 炫耀,賣弄炫耀,賣弄 【精講拓展精講拓展】 show sb. around/round (首次訪問某地首次訪問某地)作某人的向?qū)?,帶某人參觀作某人的向?qū)В瑤橙藚⒂^ show up (使使) 顯眼,顯眼,(使使)顯現(xiàn)顯現(xiàn) show sb./sth. up 揭發(fā)揭發(fā) (sb.) show up(某人某人)如約趕到,出現(xiàn),露面如約趕到,出現(xiàn),露面(turn up );揭發(fā)某人;揭發(fā)某人 show the way樹立典范,做出榜樣樹立典范,做出榜樣警示誤區(qū)警示誤區(qū):show off既可作及物動(dòng)詞詞組,也可作不及物動(dòng)詞詞組。既可作及物動(dòng)詞詞組,也可作不及物動(dòng)詞詞組。She wanted to show off her new husband at the party.她想在聚會(huì)上炫耀她想在聚會(huì)上炫耀自己的新婚丈夫。自己的新婚丈夫。Hes just showing off because that girl he likes is here.他不過是在表現(xiàn)自己,因?yàn)樗矚g的那個(gè)姑娘在場(chǎng)。他不過是在表現(xiàn)自己,因?yàn)樗矚g的那個(gè)姑娘在場(chǎng)?!镜湫屠涞湫屠洹?I wish youd stop showing offwe all know how clever you are! 我希望你不要再炫耀自己了我希望你不要再炫耀自己了我們?nèi)贾滥闶嵌嗝绰斆鳎∥覀內(nèi)贾滥闶嵌嗝绰斆鳎?朗文當(dāng)代朗文當(dāng)代 I waited half an hour,but they never showed up. 我等了半個(gè)小我等了半個(gè)小 時(shí),但他們一直沒來。時(shí),但他們一直沒來。 美國傳統(tǒng)美國傳統(tǒng) The cracks in the wall show up in the sunlight;the sunlight shows them up. 墻上的裂縫在陽光下很顯眼;陽光使墻上的裂縫顯現(xiàn)出來。墻上的裂縫在陽光下很顯眼;陽光使墻上的裂縫顯現(xiàn)出來。 朗文當(dāng)代朗文當(dāng)代 With its lowcost home computers,the company has shown the way (into this very profitable market)這家公司以價(jià)格低廉的家這家公司以價(jià)格低廉的家 用電腦闖出了一條路子用電腦闖出了一條路子(打進(jìn)了利潤可觀的市場(chǎng)打進(jìn)了利潤可觀的市場(chǎng))。 朗文當(dāng)代朗文當(dāng)代即學(xué)即用即學(xué)即用Before you start work,Ill show you _ the building so that you can meet everyone. Aoff Bout Caround Dup 解析解析:考查考查show動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。 句意為:在你開始上班之前,句意為:在你開始上班之前, 我來帶你到樓里各處看看,好讓你和大家見見面。此處為我來帶你到樓里各處看看,好讓你和大家見見面。此處為“帶某帶某 人參觀、人參觀、 到處轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)到處轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)”之意,應(yīng)用之意,應(yīng)用show sb. around。show off“炫炫 耀,賣弄耀,賣弄”;show sb. out“帶某人出去帶某人出去”; show sb. up“揭發(fā)某人揭發(fā)某人”。 答案:答案:C He couldnt wait to _ his new car to his friends. Ashow up B. show off Cshow around D. show out 解析:解析:考查考查show動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。句意為:他迫不急待地在朋動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。句意為:他迫不急待地在朋 友面前炫耀他的新車。友面前炫耀他的新車。show up sth./ show sth. up “使某物顯使某物顯 眼、顯現(xiàn),揭發(fā)某事眼、顯現(xiàn),揭發(fā)某事”;show off“炫耀,使引人注目炫耀,使引人注目”; show over“帶某人參觀某處帶某人參觀某處”; “ show sb. out”帶某人出去。帶某人出去。 答案:答案:B5 . break into闖入闖入 【精講拓展精講拓展】 break in闖入;打斷闖入;打斷 break down毀掉;制服,壓倒毀掉;制服,壓倒 break off突然中斷或停止突然中斷或停止 break through突破;沖破突破;沖破 break up打碎,破碎;分裂打碎,破碎;分裂警示誤區(qū):警示誤區(qū):break into 中的中的 into 是介詞,后可以跟賓語,而是介詞,后可以跟賓語,而 break in 中的中的in 是副詞,不能直接跟賓語。是副詞,不能直接跟賓語?!镜湫屠洹镜湫屠洹?Thieves broke into the bank vault by digging a tunnel. 竊賊們挖了一個(gè)通道闖入銀行金庫。竊賊們挖了一個(gè)通道闖入銀行金庫。 朗文當(dāng)代朗文當(dāng)代 Dad would occasionally break in with a suggestion. 爸爸偶爾會(huì)插話,提出建議。爸爸偶爾會(huì)插話,提出建議。 朗文當(dāng)代朗文當(dāng)代 I broke off the conversation and answered the phone. 我中斷了交談去接電話。我中斷了交談去接電話。 朗文當(dāng)代朗文當(dāng)代 At dawn 300 tanks prepared to break through the enemy lines. 拂曉時(shí),拂曉時(shí),300 輛坦克準(zhǔn)備突破敵人的防線。輛坦克準(zhǔn)備突破敵人的防線。朗文當(dāng)代朗文當(dāng)代 Their partnership broke up.他們的合作關(guān)系結(jié)束了。他們的合作關(guān)系結(jié)束了。美國傳統(tǒng)美國傳統(tǒng)即學(xué)即用即學(xué)即用The thieves planned to _ a bank,but they failed to carry off their plan. Abreak in Bbreak into Cbreak out Dbreak up 解析:解析:動(dòng)詞短語辨析考查。動(dòng)詞短語辨析考查。break in“闖入,打斷闖入,打斷”,為不及物,為不及物 動(dòng)詞短語,其后不能跟賓語;動(dòng)詞短語,其后不能跟賓語; break into“闖入闖入”,為及物動(dòng)詞,為及物動(dòng)詞 短短語,其后要有賓語;短短語,其后要有賓語;break out“爆發(fā)爆發(fā)”; break up“打碎打碎”。 句意為:那些賊計(jì)劃闖入銀行,但是他們的計(jì)劃失敗了。句意為:那些賊計(jì)劃闖入銀行,但是他們的計(jì)劃失敗了。 答案:答案:B6lose faith in 不再信仰不再信仰 【精講拓展精講拓展】 lose ones faith 失去信仰失去信仰 break/ keep faith with sb. 對(duì)某人不守信用對(duì)某人不守信用/守信用守信用 in good faith 真誠,誠心誠意真誠,誠心誠意 yours faithfully 忠實(shí)于您的忠實(shí)于您的(正式信件結(jié)尾所用的客套話正式信件結(jié)尾所用的客套話)警示誤區(qū)警示誤區(qū):faith 作名詞時(shí),除了作名詞時(shí),除了“信任,相信,信心信任,相信,信心”之意外,之意外,還表示還表示 “宗教信仰;宗教信仰;(某一某一)宗教宗教”之意。之意。Faith is stronger than reason.信仰比理智更有力。信仰比理智更有力。the Christian faith基督教。基督教。The children are learning to understand people of different faiths.孩子們?cè)趯W(xué)會(huì)理解不同宗教信仰的人。孩子們?cè)趯W(xué)會(huì)理解不同宗教信仰的人。【典型例句【典型例句】 You must have faith in yourself.你必須對(duì)自己有信心。你必須對(duì)自己有信心。美國傳統(tǒng)美國傳統(tǒng) He still has great talent,but he has lost faith in himself. 他仍然很有天賦,但是他已經(jīng)喪失了信心。他仍然很有天賦,但是他已經(jīng)喪失了信心。 朗文當(dāng)代朗文當(dāng)代 I kept/ broke faith with them.我信守我信守/背棄對(duì)他們的諾言。背棄對(duì)他們的諾言。 朗文當(dāng)代朗文當(dāng)代 I told her in all good faith that I would be there,but I wasnt able to go. 我真誠地對(duì)她說我將去那里,但我沒能去成。我真誠地對(duì)她說我將去那里,但我沒能去成。 朗文當(dāng)代朗文當(dāng)代即學(xué)即用即學(xué)即用完成句子完成句子We printed the report _ _ _ but have now learnt that it was incorrect. 我們好意印發(fā)了這份報(bào)告,但現(xiàn)在才知道它并不正確。我們好意印發(fā)了這份報(bào)告,但現(xiàn)在才知道它并不正確。Weve _ _ _ the governments promises. 我們不再相信政府的承諾。我們不再相信政府的承諾。He _ _ _ the ideas of the Party until his death. 他對(duì)黨的信念至死堅(jiān)貞不渝。他對(duì)黨的信念至死堅(jiān)貞不渝。in good faithlost faith inremained faithful to重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)句型1What is even more unbelievable is the fact that some murderers are let out of prison after three or four years. .更加令人難以置信更加令人難以置信 的是,有些謀殺犯三、四年之后就被放出了監(jiān)獄。的是,有些謀殺犯三、四年之后就被放出了監(jiān)獄。 【精講拓展【精講拓展】 (1)此句的主語是一個(gè)從句:此句的主語是一個(gè)從句:What is even more unbelievable,由,由 what引導(dǎo)的從句可充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語等。引導(dǎo)的從句可充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語等。 What I want is a job.我想要的是一份工作。我想要的是一份工作。(作主語作主語) I dont know what you want.我不知道你想要什么。我不知道你想要什么。(作賓語作賓語) This is not what I want.這不是我想要的。這不是我想要的。(作表語作表語) (2)句中句中that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句,說明引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句,說明fact的內(nèi)容。的內(nèi)容。即學(xué)即用即學(xué)即用Dont you know,my dear friend,_ it is you that she loves? Awho Bwhich Cthat Dwhat 解析:解析:此題容易誤選此題容易誤選 A或或B,選,選 A 者認(rèn)為這是指人的,故用者認(rèn)為這是指人的,故用 who;選;選B者認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語從句,兩者都是誤認(rèn)為這是者認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語從句,兩者都是誤認(rèn)為這是 定語從句定語從句(注意沒有先行詞注意沒有先行詞),其實(shí)此題應(yīng)選,其實(shí)此題應(yīng)選C,它引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè),它引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè) 賓語從句,只是被其中的插入語賓語從句,只是被其中的插入語 my dear friend 隔開罷了。其隔開罷了。其 實(shí)此句也可說成實(shí)此句也可說成 My dear friend,dont you know that it is you that she loves? 答案:答案:C_ smokes here will be fined. AWho BWhoever CAnyone DWho ever 解析解析:whoever smokes here 為主語從句為主語從句(whoever anyone who)。 答案答案:B21 My hope is _ he will keep it a secret for ever. Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhy 解析解析:that引導(dǎo)表語從句,且不可省略。引導(dǎo)表語從句,且不可省略。 答案答案:A2An ageing society is one in which the population of people over the age of 60 is increasing.老年社會(huì)是指人口中老年社會(huì)是指人口中6060歲以上的人迅歲以上的人迅 速增多的社會(huì)。速增多的社會(huì)。 【精講拓展【精講拓展】 句中句中in which. 是一個(gè)定語從句,修飾先行詞是一個(gè)定語從句,修飾先行詞one。其結(jié)構(gòu)是:。其結(jié)構(gòu)是: 介詞介詞 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞which(表物表物),注意介詞后不可用,注意介詞后不可用that作關(guān)系代作關(guān)系代 詞。運(yùn)用此類定語從句時(shí),應(yīng)注意兩種情況。詞。運(yùn)用此類定語從句時(shí),應(yīng)注意兩種情況。 (1)介詞與先行詞的搭配:構(gòu)成介詞短語,注意選用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。介詞與先行詞的搭配:構(gòu)成介詞短語,注意選用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。 Two explorers have been sent to Mars on which there is no sign of life. 兩個(gè)探測(cè)器已發(fā)送到火星,在火星上沒有生命的跡象。兩個(gè)探測(cè)器已發(fā)送到火星,在火星上沒有生命的跡象。 (on whichon Mars)The meeting lasted four hours during which they discussed the issue.會(huì)議持續(xù)了會(huì)議持續(xù)了4個(gè)小時(shí),其間他們討論了這個(gè)問題。個(gè)小時(shí),其間他們討論了這個(gè)問題。(during whichduring the four hours)The map shows the direction in which the enemy would retreat.這張地圖顯示了敵人可能撤退的方向。這張地圖顯示了敵人可能撤退的方向。(in whichin the direction)He earned a lot of money with which he bought a new car.他賺了不少錢。用這些錢,他買了一部新車。他賺了不少錢。用這些錢,他買了一部新車。(with whichwith the money)(2)介詞與從句中動(dòng)詞的搭配:構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語。介詞與從句中動(dòng)詞的搭配:構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語。They are talking about the game for which I do not care at all.他們正在討論那場(chǎng)球賽,而我對(duì)此一點(diǎn)也不關(guān)心。他們正在討論那場(chǎng)球賽,而我對(duì)此一點(diǎn)也不關(guān)心。(care for sth.)This is a matter to which we should pay much attention.這是我們應(yīng)該多加注意的問題。這是我們應(yīng)該多加注意的問題。(pay attention to)Smoking is the bad habit of which Im trying to get rid.吸煙是我正在努力戒掉的壞習(xí)慣。吸煙是我正在努力戒掉的壞習(xí)慣。(get rid of )Thats not the reply to which we are looking forward.那可不是我們所期望的答復(fù)。那可不是我們所期望的答復(fù)。(looking forward to)即學(xué)即用即學(xué)即用22 Nowadays on TV there are lots of home shopping ads _ we must look out. Afor which Bof which Cfor who Dof that 解析:解析:本題考查定語從句中本題考查定語從句中“介詞介詞 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”的用法。從的用法。從結(jié)結(jié) 構(gòu)和選項(xiàng)看,空格后面是一個(gè)定語從句,排除構(gòu)和選項(xiàng)看,空格后面是一個(gè)定語從句,排除D D項(xiàng);先行詞項(xiàng);先行詞adsads 表物,排除表物,排除C C項(xiàng);從動(dòng)詞搭配上看,項(xiàng);從動(dòng)詞搭配上看,look out for sthlook out for sth.“.“當(dāng)心當(dāng)心 某物某物”正確,排除正確,排除B B項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。 答案:答案:A23 Last Saturday evening,I went to Wu Dongs birthday party,_ which I met a foreigner named Jim. Awith Bon Cin Dfor 解析:解析: 句意:上周六的晚上我去參加了吳東的生日聚會(huì),句意:上周六的晚上我去參加了吳東的生日聚會(huì), 在會(huì)上我遇到了一個(gè)叫吉姆的外國人。在會(huì)上我遇到了一個(gè)叫吉姆的外國人。 in which in the party。 答案:答案:C24 She came into the house,_whose wall there was a portrait of Einstein. Aon Bfrom Cto Dof 解析:解析:句意:句意: 她進(jìn)入了房間,房子的墻壁上有一張愛因斯她進(jìn)入了房間,房子的墻壁上有一張愛因斯 坦的畫像。在墻上坦的畫像。在墻上 on the wall,在這屋子的墻上,在這屋子的墻上on whose wall on the houses wall。 答案:答案:A3Although we often consider the modern world to be a time of opportunities,freedom and advanced technology,there have been some periods in history that represent high points in human achievement.盡管我們常常認(rèn)為當(dāng)代世界盡管我們常常認(rèn)為當(dāng)代世界 是一個(gè)充滿了機(jī)遇、自由和先進(jìn)技術(shù)的時(shí)代,但歷史上曾是一個(gè)充滿了機(jī)遇、自由和先進(jìn)技術(shù)的時(shí)代,但歷史上曾 經(jīng)有一些時(shí)期代表了人類成就的高點(diǎn)。經(jīng)有一些時(shí)期代表了人類成就的高點(diǎn)?!揪v拓展【精講拓展】 句中句中although conj.“雖然,盡管雖然,盡管”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,相當(dāng)于,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,相當(dāng)于 though。 Although you love her very much,you can not force her to marry you. 盡管你非常愛她,你也不能強(qiáng)迫她嫁給你。盡管你非常愛她,你也不能強(qiáng)迫她嫁給你。 Although I was waving to her,she didnt notice me. 盡管我當(dāng)時(shí)在向她招手,但她還是沒有注意到我。盡管我當(dāng)時(shí)在向她招手,但她還是沒有注意到我。 though和和although的異與同:的異與同:(1)都可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。都可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。(2)though可作副詞,可作副詞,“雖然,不過,然而雖然,不過,然而”,常位于句,常位于句尾;尾;although無此用法。無此用法。 Hell probably say no.Its worth trying,though.他很可他很可能不同意,但不妨去試一下。能不同意,但不妨去試一下。He said he would come. He didnt ,though.他說他要來,他說他要來,可是他沒有來。可是他沒有來。即學(xué)即用即學(xué)即用25 Much hard _he tried,he failed to catch up with the first runner. Aalthough Bthough Cwhile Dwhen 解析:解析:因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)閠hough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,其表語或狀語等可提引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,其表語或狀語等可提 前也可不提前。而前也可不提前。而although,while表示讓步時(shí),都用正常語表示讓步時(shí),都用正常語 序。序。 答案:答案:B26 May I go now? _ youve finished your work,you may go. AAfter BAlthough CNow that DAs soon as 解析解析: 因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)閚ow that now that since“since“既然既然”。句意:。句意:我可我可以以 走了嗎?走了嗎? 既然你已經(jīng)完成了工作,你就可以走了。既然你已經(jīng)完成了工作,你就可以走了。 答案:答案:C27 “_ my feet remain standing above the water level,there is hope.” said the captain. AWhere BEven if CWhile DAlthough 解析解析: 因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)閣hile有有“只要只要”之意,與之意,與as long as相當(dāng)。相當(dāng)。又又 如:如:While there is life,there is hope.只要有生命,就會(huì)只要有生命,就會(huì) 有希望。有希望。/留得青山在,不怕沒柴燒留得青山在,不怕沒柴燒。 答案:答案:C名師原創(chuàng)名師原創(chuàng)1At the new supermarket there was food_. Ain abundance Bwith abundance Cof abundance Dat abundance 解析解析:考查固定短語考查固定短語in abundance “大量地,豐富大量地,豐富”。句意為:。句意為: 新超市里食品很豐富。新超市里食品很豐富。 答案:答案:A2Dont worry about him ,because he simply _ a secret task at present . AUndertakes Bagrees Cworks Ddoes 解析解析:undertake a task 意為意為“承擔(dān)任務(wù)承擔(dān)任務(wù)”。B 、C、 D三項(xiàng)均三項(xiàng)均不不 與與task 搭配使用。搭配使用。 答案:答案:A3.The Prime Minister refused to comment on the rumor that he planned to _. Adischarge Bdismiss Cresign Dresume 解析解析:句意為:首相拒絕就他計(jì)劃辭職的謠言作出任何評(píng)句意為:首相拒絕就他計(jì)劃辭職的謠言作出任何評(píng) 論。論。resign “辭職辭職”符合題意。符合題意。discharge “釋放;解雇釋放;解雇”; dismiss “解散;讓解散;讓離開離開”;resume “重新開始;再繼續(xù)重新開始;再繼續(xù)”。 答案答案:C4The Great Wall _ its way from west to east ,across the deserts,over the mountains,through the valleys till at last it reaches the sea. Aruns Bwinds Ctravels Dwound 解析解析:考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意為:長(zhǎng)城從西到東,橫過沙考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意為:長(zhǎng)城從西到東,橫過沙 漠,越過高山,穿過深谷,蜿蜒而行,最后直到海邊。漠,越過高山,穿過深谷,蜿蜒而行,最后直到海邊。wind ones way “蜿蜒曲折而行蜿蜒曲折而行”的意思,而的意思,而run,travel不與不與way 搭配,搭配,wound 為為wind 的過去式,不符合語境。的過去式,不符合語境。 答案:答案:B5The children start _ the minute anyone comes into the house. Ashowing in Bshowing up Cshowing off Dshowing out 解析:解析:考查有關(guān)考查有關(guān)show構(gòu)成的短語。構(gòu)成的短語。show sb. in“帶某人進(jìn)來帶某人進(jìn)來”; show up “顯現(xiàn),顯眼;揭發(fā)顯現(xiàn),顯眼;揭發(fā)”;show off“炫耀;使引人注目炫耀;使引人注目”; show sb. out“帶某人出去帶某人出去”。根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)選。根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)選C。 答案:答案:C6The rent is reasonable and ,_ ,the location is perfect. Ahowever Btherefore Cnevertheless Dmoreover 解析:解析:考查副詞辨析??疾楦痹~辨析。however“然而,可是然而,可是”;therefore“因因 此此”;nevertheless“然而,不過然而,不過”;moreover“而且,此外,加而且,此外,加之之”。 答案:答案:D7Slavery was _ in America in 19th century. Aacquired Babolished Cachieved Dattempted 解析:解析:考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析??疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。acquire“獲得,得到獲得,得到”; abolish“廢除,取消廢除,取消”;achieve“實(shí)現(xiàn),達(dá)到實(shí)現(xiàn),達(dá)到”;attempt“試試 圖,嘗試圖,嘗試”。根據(jù)句意。根據(jù)句意“美國于美國于19世紀(jì)取消了奴隸制世紀(jì)取消了奴隸制”,應(yīng)選,應(yīng)選B。 答案答案:B8Because of the current crisis ,his company had to take on the heavy financial _. Aburden Bload Cburst Dweight 解析:解析:考查名詞詞義辨析??疾槊~詞義辨析。burden“重?fù)?dān),負(fù)擔(dān)重?fù)?dān),負(fù)擔(dān)”;load“負(fù)負(fù) 載量,負(fù)荷載量,負(fù)荷”;burst“爆炸,噴出,突然用力爆炸,噴出,突然用力”;weight“重重 量量”。根據(jù)句意,選。根據(jù)句意,選A。 答案:答案:A9It is common that a shy man _ from meeting strangers. Afights Bstruggles Cshrinks D. defends 解析:解析:考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析??疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。fight“斗爭(zhēng),打架斗爭(zhēng),打架”;struggle“斗斗 爭(zhēng),奮斗,掙扎爭(zhēng),奮斗,掙扎”;shrink“退縮,回避退縮,回避”;defend“保護(hù),保保護(hù),保 衛(wèi),維護(hù)衛(wèi),維護(hù)”。根據(jù)句意,選。根據(jù)句意,選C。 答案:答案:C10I have never met such a _ and selfless man like him. Amerciless Bcareless Cmerciful Dcruel 解析解析:考查形容詞詞義辨析??疾樾稳菰~詞義辨析。merciless“冷酷無情的,無慈冷酷無情的,無慈 悲心的悲心的”;careless“粗心的粗心的”;merciful“寬大的,仁慈的寬大的,仁慈的”; cruel“殘忍的殘忍的”。根據(jù)句意,選。根據(jù)句意,選C。 答案:答案:C( (一一) )建議建議 在正式的英語書面語和非正式的英語口語中,常用不同的方在正式的英語書面語和非正式的英語口語中,常用不同的方式來告訴別人應(yīng)該做什么。下面是一些常用的表示式來告訴別人應(yīng)該做什么。下面是一些常用的表示“建議建議”的的詞、短語和句式及其用法。詞、短語和句式及其用法。1ought to/should 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞ought to 和和 should,后面跟動(dòng)詞原形或現(xiàn)在完成形,后面跟動(dòng)詞原形或現(xiàn)在完成形 式。式。 ought to更多地反映客觀情況,表示根據(jù)法律、義務(wù)更多地反映客觀情況,表示根據(jù)法律、義務(wù)“應(yīng)應(yīng) 當(dāng)當(dāng)”, 比比should語氣強(qiáng);語氣強(qiáng);should表示主觀看法,建議、勸說。表示主觀看法,建議、勸說。 should/ought to have done 表示過去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際沒有做表示過去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際沒有做 的事情,含有責(zé)備或遺憾的語氣,其否定式為的事情,含有責(zé)備或遺憾的語氣,其否定式為should not have done /ought not to have done。As a Party member,you ought to give the lead.作為黨員,你應(yīng)該帶頭。作為黨員,你應(yīng)該帶頭。You should brush your teeth before you go to bed.你在睡前應(yīng)該刷牙。你在睡前應(yīng)該刷牙。We should have studied last night,but we went to the concert instead.我們昨晚本應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí),卻去看了演唱會(huì)。我們昨晚本應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí),卻去看了演唱會(huì)。They ought not to have let you out of hospital so soon;otherwise ,you would feel better. 他們本不該讓你這么快出院的,不然的話,你身體現(xiàn)在會(huì)大他們本不該讓你這么快出院的,不然的話,你身體現(xiàn)在會(huì)大有好轉(zhuǎn)。有好轉(zhuǎn)。2insist/demand/suggest insist“堅(jiān)決要求堅(jiān)決要求”;demand“要求要求”;suggest“建議建議”。這些。這些動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 后的賓語從句中謂語常用后的賓語從句中謂語常用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”,但,但insist作作 “堅(jiān)持堅(jiān)持/說說”講時(shí),賓語從句不用虛擬語氣;講時(shí),賓語從句不用虛擬語氣;suggest指指“暗示,暗示,表表 明明”, 賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用陳述語氣,不用虛擬語氣。賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用陳述語氣,不用虛擬語氣。 He insisted that we (should)accept these gifts. 他一定要我們收下這些禮物。他一定要我們收下這些禮物。 He demanded that we (should)start right away. 他要求我們馬上動(dòng)身。他要求我們馬上動(dòng)身。He suggested that the work (should)be started at once. 他建議立即動(dòng)工。他建議立即動(dòng)工。Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.邁克堅(jiān)持說他從來沒偷過東西。邁克堅(jiān)持說他從來沒偷過東西。His attending her wedding party suggested that he had forgiven her.他去參加她的婚禮表明他已經(jīng)原諒她了。他去參加她的婚禮表明他已經(jīng)原諒她了。3It is (high/about)time (that). 在在It is (high/about)time (that).句型中,從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過句型中,從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過 去式或去式或should動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形(should不能省略不能省略)來表示,意為來表示,意為“(早早到到 了了)該該的時(shí)候了的時(shí)候了”。 Its high time that we protected the historical old buildings. 到了我們保護(hù)歷史古建筑物的時(shí)候了。到了我們保護(hù)歷史古建筑物的時(shí)候了。4I would rather you. 在在Id rather (that) you. 句型中,從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語句型中,從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語 氣,即用一般過去時(shí)表示當(dāng)時(shí)或?qū)硪龅氖?;用過去完成時(shí)氣,即用一般過去時(shí)表示當(dāng)時(shí)或?qū)硪龅氖?;用過去完成時(shí) 表示過去要做的事。表示過去要做的事。 Id rather you met her at the airport tomorrow morning. 但愿你明天早上能在機(jī)場(chǎng)見到她。但愿你明天早上能在機(jī)場(chǎng)見到她。 Id rather you hadnt told him the news that day. 我真希望你那天