高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 高頻考點(diǎn)（高頻 規(guī)律 技巧）B5 介詞和介詞短語課件

B 高頻考點(diǎn)高頻考點(diǎn)（高頻高頻 / 規(guī)律規(guī)律 / 技巧技巧）B5 介詞和介詞短語介詞和介詞短語 考 綱 解 讀 考綱要求考生能在真實(shí)的語境中恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂媒樵~，并正確判斷意義相近的介詞和介詞短語。 考 情 解 讀考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)題量題量分布分布介詞介詞辨析辨析固定固定搭配搭配2008942009113201064201194201275 趨 勢 解 讀 1考查具體語境下的介詞或介詞短語辨析 仍是2013年高考介詞部分的試題立意。 2題目設(shè)問角度細(xì)微化，題干結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜 化，綜合趨勢明顯。 易易錯(cuò)錯(cuò) 警警示示 I know nothing about him _he is an advanced engineer. A.apart from Bexcept for Cbesides Dexcept that 易誤選A、B 本題考生很容易誤選A或B。apart from和except for都可表示“除之外”，但它們是介詞短語，后面不能接句子，而此處空格后面是一個(gè)句子，因此A和B不對。C項(xiàng)besides表示“除之外(還)”，這與題意不符。except that的意思與B項(xiàng)相同，但其后接從句，因此，選D。 Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are _everyones enjoyment. A.in BAt Cfor Dto 易誤選D 不能準(zhǔn)確地判斷此處所填詞與哪個(gè)詞構(gòu)成搭配，此處所填介詞應(yīng)該與空后的名詞enjoyment構(gòu)成搭配，表示目的，意為“為了”。選C?？伎键c(diǎn)點(diǎn) 精精析析 基 礎(chǔ) 盤 點(diǎn) 1表時(shí)間、空間的介詞用法； 2介詞與動(dòng)詞、名詞的常見搭配。 熱 門 考 點(diǎn)1方位介詞；2時(shí)間介詞；3工具、手段、方式介詞；4表示原因的介詞短語；5against, for, at, in, beyond, across, of, over, off等常見介詞活用；6besides, except in, except for, but, but，for等常見易混介詞；7常見介詞搭配。 關(guān) 注 節(jié) 點(diǎn) (2012全國卷)100 is the temperature _which water will boil. Afor Bat Con Dof 答案Bat表示在一個(gè)點(diǎn)上，此處結(jié)合定語從句考查介詞。熱點(diǎn)熱點(diǎn)51 The sunlight came in _(穿過)the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room. The bicycle is _(不能)repair. He hit his head _(對著)the wall and hurt himself. 用介詞in, to填空 Japan is/lies _the east of China. Beijing lies _the north of China.完成句子完成句子 用介詞between, among填空 The town lies _the mountains. Switzerland lies _France, Germany, Austria and Italy. 用介詞from, out of填空 The young student is _Tibet. When we were listening to the news, a man rushed _the room. 用介詞in，on填空 There is a map of the world _the wall. Birds are singing _the tree. 答案throughbeyondagainsttoinamong betweenfromout ofonin Yes, I see. I will keep the secret _you and me. Awith Baround Camong Dbetween 答案Dbetween意為“位于之間，處在之間，介于間”，根據(jù)所提供的情景you and me，可判斷出是在兩者之間，所以要用between。with意為“和一起”；around意為“在的周圍”；among意為“在(多數(shù))之中，在中間”。.單項(xiàng)填空單項(xiàng)填空(上海卷上海卷)Its a top secret. Abetween Bthrough Cacross Dbeyond 答案Bthrough意為“穿過”，through著重從物體中間穿過。根據(jù)所提供的情景“There were a lot of people standing at the door”可判斷出小女孩要從人群中穿過。between意為“之間”，表示兩者之間；across意為“穿過”，指在空間上從一端到來一端；beyond意為“在遠(yuǎn)處，超過”。(全國全國卷卷)There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldnt get _ Id love to. I cant wait to leave this place _ Aoff Bout Cbehind Dover 答案Cbehind意為“在之后”；leave behind意為“留下”。I cant wait to leave this place behind.表示恨不得馬上離開這個(gè)地方。leave off意為“戒除，停止”；leave out意為“忘記，忽視”；leave over意為“使延期，把留待后用”。(江蘇卷江蘇卷)Are you going to have a holiday this year?方位介詞1at, in, on 三個(gè)詞均可和表示地點(diǎn)的詞連用，表示“在處?！盿t用于指較小的地方，如在門牌號碼前；in用于指較大的地方；on一般指與面或線接觸的地方。 Well meet each other at the park.我們將在公園見面。2in, on, to在方位名詞前的區(qū)別 三個(gè)詞都可表示兩地之間的方位關(guān)系。in表示在某范圍之內(nèi)；to表示在某范圍之外；on表示“毗鄰”、“接壤”。 Shandong Province is/lies in the east of China.(在某范圍之內(nèi)) 二詞均表示“在中間”或“在之間”。among指在三者或三者以上之間，而between表示在二者之間。有時(shí)between之后也可能出現(xiàn)三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的賓語，但這時(shí)所強(qiáng)調(diào)的仍然是其中每兩者之間的相互關(guān)系。此外，當(dāng)句中出現(xiàn)divide，share之類的詞時(shí)，如果后面跟著幾個(gè)單數(shù)名詞，則用between；如果后面是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，用among和between都可以。表示國家等之間的位置關(guān)系，用between。 This secret is only between you and me. 這個(gè)秘密只限于你我知道。3among, between 二詞均表示來源或出處。from平面概念，意為“從離開”；out of立體概念，側(cè)重于從里向外，意為“從里出來”。 The train from London arrives here at nine oclock. 從倫敦開來的列車9點(diǎn)到這里。4from, out of 二詞均可表示“在上”，描寫兩個(gè)物體的接觸情況。on側(cè)重于表面接觸，而in側(cè)重于接觸的深度。英語中的某些習(xí)慣表達(dá)常用in或on。若打擊某人的臉、眼、嘴、胸、腹等部位時(shí)，用in。而打擊頭、額、鼻、耳、頸、肩、腿等部位時(shí)，用on。表示植物本身生長出來的枝、葉、花、果等“在樹上”，用on the tree，但表示植物本身以外的人或動(dòng)物“在樹上”，用in the tree，意指被枝葉遮掩其中。 The teacher patted the boy on the head and comforted him. 老師輕輕拍著那名男孩子的頭安慰他。5in, on (2011山東卷)Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy _the past couple of weeks. Abeyond Bwith Camong Dover 答案Dover段時(shí)間“在期間”。熱點(diǎn)熱點(diǎn)52 說明：當(dāng)時(shí)間名詞前有this, that, last, next, some, every等詞限定時(shí)，通常不用任何介詞。 二者均表示在某一段時(shí)間后，但該時(shí)段的起點(diǎn)不同。 in加段時(shí)間表示以此時(shí)此刻為起點(diǎn)的將來一個(gè)時(shí)段之后，常與將來時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞連用。 My father will be back from abroad in three days. 三天后，我的父親就會(huì)從國外回來。 I cannot see you now; come back in half an hour. 我現(xiàn)在不能見你，半小時(shí)后回來。2after, in 說明：(1)in the past意為“在過去”，與過去時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞連用。 (2)in the past/last時(shí)段意為“在過去的中/內(nèi)”，表示從現(xiàn)在算起過去的一段時(shí)間，包括此時(shí)此刻在內(nèi)，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)連用。 for后跟時(shí)間段 from表示時(shí)間起點(diǎn)，from.on；from.to/till可表示一段時(shí)間 since表示時(shí)間起點(diǎn)，但暗含終點(diǎn)在現(xiàn)在或過去，有始有終可表示一段時(shí)間，可作介詞、副詞、連詞 3for, from, since (2011北京卷)With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken _color. Aby Bfor Cwith Din 答案Din color“用彩色”。熱點(diǎn)熱點(diǎn)53.句型轉(zhuǎn)換(每空一詞)He went to Beijing by car. He went to Beijing _ _ _I prefer to travel by ship. I prefer to travel _ _用by, over, in, on填空This form is to be filled _ink.This toy is not machinemade. It is made _hand.In the morning I usually listen to the news _the radio. 答案in this/a carby water/seainbyover/on (2011北京西城期末)How can I reserve the tickets? _phone. AOn BWith CBy DIn 答案Cby phone“用電話的方式”，固定用法。故選C。.單項(xiàng)填空單項(xiàng)填空 工具、手段、方式介詞 三個(gè)詞都表示旅行的方式。 (1)不涉及交通工具的名詞而用相應(yīng)的抽象名詞時(shí)用by，名詞前不帶冠詞。如：by sea, by water, by land, by air等。 (2)涉及交通工具的名詞時(shí)用by，但名詞須用單數(shù)，其前面不加冠詞或任何修飾語。如：by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/boat, by train, by spaceship等。1by, in, on (3)當(dāng)旅行方式涉及確定特指的交通工具時(shí)，用on或in，名詞前應(yīng)有冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞等修飾語。如：travel to New York in this plane, leave on an early train, go to school on my bike等。 說明：步行、騎馬、騎駱駝均用on。如：on foot, on horseback/on a horse, on the camel。 三個(gè)詞均意為“用”，表示行為的工具、手段或方式。 (1)with用于有形的工具或身體某些器官之前，其后的名詞多被冠詞、物主代詞等修飾。 (2)by, in, on, over, through等多用于無形的工具或方式、手段之前。如：by hand, in ink, on the telephone, over the radio, through the telescope等。 說明：使用語言、原料、材料時(shí)用in表示，如：in English/Japanese; in blue ink 表達(dá)“用方法/方式”時(shí)，所用介詞分別為： in this/that/the same wayby means of by this/that meanswith this/that method2with, by, in (浙江卷)The openair celebration has been put off _the bad weather. Ain case of Bin spite of Cinstead of Dbecause of 答案D根據(jù)句意，天氣不好導(dǎo)致露天慶祝會(huì)延期。熱點(diǎn)熱點(diǎn)54 .單項(xiàng)填空 (2011山東煙臺調(diào)研)She was told to wear flat shoes _her back problem. Aon account of Bregardless of Cin terms of Din case of 答案A句意：因?yàn)樗巢坑袉栴}，她被告知應(yīng)穿 平底鞋。on account of表示原因，根據(jù)句意選A。(2012河北質(zhì)檢)An average of RMB 77，000 is spent on each wedding, excluding the cost of the wedding ring and honeymoon, _the China Wedding Industry Development Report. Adue to Bbecause of Cin spite of Daccording to 答案Daccording to意為“根據(jù)，按照”。根據(jù)句意選D。 .用because of, due to, thanks to填空 I came back late _the rain. His absence is _the heavy rain. The company has had a successful year, _the manager. 答案because ofdue tothanks to 表示原因的介詞短語 because of, as a result of，owing to, due to, on account of, thanks to等表示原因 1以上常見表示原因的介詞短語多可以相互替換，類似 的還有by reason of; on the ground of; in view of等。 2considering/given.考慮到，鑒于，也可表示原因 Considering/Given his health，wed better have him stay at home. (2012北京卷)Do you think this shirt is too tight _the shoulders? Aat Bon Cto Dacross 答案D考查介詞。句意為：你覺得這件襯衣的肩部是不是太緊了？across此時(shí)表示從一邊到另一邊。熱點(diǎn)熱點(diǎn)55 The kite looks prettier against the blue sky. 在藍(lán)天映襯下，那只風(fēng)箏更漂亮了。 2across從一平面上“橫穿”，或在對面 I cant get my idea across to him.我無法與他溝通。 3at：在一點(diǎn)/小地方對做出反應(yīng) At my request, he came to help me. 應(yīng)我的請求，他跑來幫助我。 4after：在后(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn))追求/尋 與長得像 The boy looks after his father. 這小孩長得像他的父親。 5beyond超出某范圍(具體、抽象) The road extends beyond. 公路消失在遠(yuǎn)處。 6behind在后(地點(diǎn)、具體、抽象) Theres something behind his words. 他話里有話。 He longs for a watch. 他想要一塊手表。 You can find much honesty in Tom. 你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)湯姆很誠實(shí)。8in在在里里(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、具體或抽象時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、具體或抽象) 遠(yuǎn)離海岸處有一個(gè)小島。 動(dòng)作狀態(tài)延續(xù) Rain still on, we had to stay there. 雨還下個(gè)不停，我們只好留在那里。 Lets discuss the matter over the meal. 咱們吃飯期間討論此事。 Her love saw me through the hard time. 她的愛使我度過那個(gè)艱苦的時(shí)代。11on：在在之上之上(具體、抽象具體、抽象)12over：在正上方，跨越經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間、距離翻滾在正上方，跨越經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間、距離翻滾13through：從從(內(nèi)部內(nèi)部)穿過穿過經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間或距離經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間或距離經(jīng)經(jīng) 歷歷/穿過穿過(困難等困難等) (2012福建卷)Nothing is so easy as _parents to raise their expectations of their children too high. Aof Bto Cby Dfor 答案Dfor sb對來說。熱點(diǎn)熱點(diǎn)56 .用for或of填空 It is very considerate _you to remind me. It is necessary _the students to know some learning methods. It is possible _him to come here soon. 用介詞on或in填空 The patients life is _danger. The guard is _watch now. The house is _fire. 用except, except for, besides填空 I know nothing about the young lady _that she is from Beijing. I dont mind picking up your things from the store. _，the walk does me good. The car is nice _the color. We all went to the park _Tom. Tom was ill in hospital. 答案offorforinononexceptBesidesexcept forexcept .單項(xiàng)填空 (廣東卷)I feel that one of my main duties _a teacher is to help the students to become better learners. Afor Bby Cas Dwith 答案Cas后接名詞的意思是“作為”。表示“我認(rèn)為作 為老師的主要責(zé)任之一是幫助學(xué)生成為更好的學(xué)習(xí)者”。 (北京卷)_two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. AWith BBesides CAs for DBecause of 答案Awith表示原因或理由，意思是“因?yàn)椋捎凇薄?表示“由于對兩次考試擔(dān)心，這個(gè)周末我不得不真地努力工 作”。 on用于表示動(dòng)態(tài)，如正在從事某種活動(dòng)或處于某種運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)之中。如：on business在出差；on a visit在訪問；on strike在罷工；on sale在出售；on show在展覽；on watch在站崗/放哨；on fire著火了；on vacation/holiday在度假。 in多用于表示靜態(tài)狀況，如安全、危險(xiǎn)、健康、情緒好/不好等。如：in trouble陷入困境；in danger處于危險(xiǎn)中；in order有序，有條理；in surprise驚訝地；in silence沉默地；in high/low spirits情緒高漲/低落。1on與與in表示處于某種狀態(tài)表示處于某種狀態(tài)2besides, except, but, other than, except for的區(qū)別的區(qū)別3except和but/other than都可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞原形，可以互換；但except后接副詞、介詞短語、when從句等時(shí)，but/other than不可替換except。 He has always been in high spirits except recently. 除近來外，他總是精神飽滿。(副詞) The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏季外，這扇窗戶從不打開。(介詞短語) He has always been busy except when it is Sunday. 除星期日外，他總是很忙。(when從句)4but, except后都可接that從句作賓語；but, except可以互換。 I asked nothing from him but/except that he should write to me every other week. 我只要求他每兩周給我寫一封信。5以上比較了except, besides, but作介詞時(shí)的區(qū)別，另外，besides還可用作副詞，意為“in addition; also; moreover; furthermore(而且，還有)”。 I dont want to go; besides, I am too tired. 我不想去，再說，我也太累了。 (2012江蘇卷)Thank God youre safe! I stepped back, just _to avoid the racing car. Ain time Bin case Cin need Din vain 答案Ain time to do來得及做某事。熱點(diǎn)熱點(diǎn)57 (1)at: at dawn在黎明；at daybreak拂曉；at sunrise日出時(shí)；at sunset/sundown日落時(shí)；at noon在中午；at dusk在黃昏；at night在夜晚；at home在家；at table在用餐；at school在上學(xué)；at college在上大學(xué)；at risk有危險(xiǎn)，冒險(xiǎn)；at last最后；at rest靜止不動(dòng)1at, in的有關(guān)表達(dá)的有關(guān)表達(dá) (2)in：in addition to除了之外(還有)；in celebration of為慶祝；in case of假設(shè)，萬一；in search of尋求；試圖發(fā)現(xiàn)；in place of代替；in need of需要；in charge of對負(fù)責(zé)；主管；in the charge of由負(fù)責(zé)(表被動(dòng)意義)；in spite of盡管；即使；雖然；不管；in time of在時(shí)刻；in a state of處于狀況中；in course of在進(jìn)行中；in the course of在期間；in favour of贊同；有利于；in honor of向表示敬意，為紀(jì)念；in memory of為紀(jì)念；instead of代替；而不是；in/with relation to關(guān)于；涉及 (1)名詞與介詞的固定搭配 要求用to的名詞：key, answer, visit, apology, introduction, attitude, monument, devotion, journey, entrance等。 要求用in的名詞：interest, expert等。 要求用on的名詞：mercy, congratulations, effect等。 要求用其他介詞的名詞：prize(for)，respect(for)，victory(over), struggle(with)，excuse(for)，(for)fear(of)等。2介詞與某些詞類的搭配介詞與某些詞類的搭配 (2)形容詞與介詞的固定搭配 要求用at的形容詞：afraid, angry, good, bad, clever, surprised, excited, puzzled, frightened等。 要求用of的形容詞：afraid, sure, certain, full, tired, fond, proud, worthy等。 要求用with的形容詞：angry, strict, careful, busy, popular, patient等。 要求用in的形容詞：weak, strict, rich, interested, successful, slow等。 要求用to的形容詞：next, good, polite, kind, cruel, rude, known, married, close, similar, due等。 要求用for的形容詞：sorry, famous, fit, unfit, eager, anxious, hungry等。 要求用from的形容詞：far, different, free, safe, absent等。 要求用about的形容詞：sorry, worried, curious, anxious, sure, certain等。 名名 師師 招招 招招 鮮鮮 介詞是英語中最活躍的詞類之一，使用頻率相當(dāng)高，用法多而雜。一個(gè)介詞有多種不同的用法，一個(gè)相近的意思又可以用不同的介詞表示。所以必須逐一學(xué)會(huì)每個(gè)介詞的用法，弄清楚易混介詞的用法異同，能夠根據(jù)語境和交際條件靈活運(yùn)用介詞并能搞清介詞的基本用法。此外，介詞與動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配也不能忽視。