廣東省中考英語 語法考點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí) 句子種類課件

句子按其使用目的可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句；句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)又可分為簡單句、并列句和主從復(fù)合句。1. 句子種類 （1）陳述句（肯定式和否定式） （2）疑問句（一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句）（3）祈使句（肯定式和否定式） （4）感嘆句 2. 簡單句的五種基本句型 （1）主語系動詞表語 （2）主語不及物動詞 （3）主語及物動詞賓語（4）主語及物動詞間接賓語直接賓語 （5）主語及物動詞賓語賓補(bǔ)（6）there be句型3. 并列句4. 主從復(fù)合句（1）賓語從句（2）狀語從句（3）定語從句考點(diǎn)一 簡單句的五種基本類型及there be句型句 型例 句1. 主語不及物動詞The girl is studying hard.2. 主語系動詞表語He seems very busy.3. 主語及物動詞賓語She sent an E-mail to her friend yesterday.4. 主語及物動詞間接賓語直接賓語My mother bought me an iPhone 6.5. 主語及物動詞賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語The news made them surprised.6. There be結(jié)構(gòu)There is a river behind our school.( ) 1. There _ a great concert in the theater next Saturday evening. A. will be B. will have C. has D. is going to have( ) 2. My parents _ about 1000 yuan for my school education each year.A. spend B. take C. cost D. pay( ) 3. Will you please _ us a story, Miss Green? OK, shall I _ it in English or in Chinese?A. tell; speak B. talk; speak C. tell; say D. talk; say( ) 4. What did the manager _ you to _ at the meeting. A. tell; say B. ask; speak C. tell; speak D. ask; talk考點(diǎn)二 陳述句 說明一個事實或陳述一種看法。陳述句包括肯定句和否定句句 式結(jié) 構(gòu)例 句肯定句略否定句1.否定謂語（常見）I dont think playing too much computer games is good.2.否定主語Nobody knows why he didnt come to school.3.否定賓語 We know nothing about it. 4.否定賓語補(bǔ)足語Our teacher often us not to give up our dreams.5.否定狀語My pen was lost and I could find it nowhere.將以下句子變?yōu)榉穸ň洌簩⒁韵戮渥幼優(yōu)榉穸ň洌?. We do eye exercises every day. We _ _ eye exercises every day.6. There is something wrong with the radio. _ _ wrong with the radio. 7. Tom always goes to bed at twelve. Tom _ _ to bed at twelve.8. Youd better help him with his maths. You _ _ _ help him with his maths.定句變否定句口訣否定詞語加not，放在be和have后； 其它要加動詞do，do的后面加not； 時間、人稱由do變，動詞原形總保留；謂語若是助詞多，not緊跟第一個。dontdo Nothingis nevergoes hadbetternot 考點(diǎn)三 疑問句 用來提出問題的句子。包括一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句問句類型問句類型解解 析析例例 句句一般疑一般疑問句問句以以be動詞、助動詞或動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞開頭，用情態(tài)動詞開頭，用Yes或或No來回答。來回答。Did you have a good time at school?Can you finish your work on time?特殊疑特殊疑問句問句陳述句語序陳述句語序針對主針對主語（或修飾語）提問語（或修飾語）提問Whose car is under the tree?特殊疑問詞特殊疑問詞+一般疑問一般疑問句語序句語序How do you study English?選擇疑選擇疑問句問句一般疑問句一般疑問句+ or +一般一般疑問句（省略結(jié)構(gòu)）疑問句（省略結(jié)構(gòu)）Would you like some tea or coffee?特殊疑問句，特殊疑問句，+ A + B？Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?問句類型解 析例 句反意疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：陳述句+簡短的一般疑問句句式：前肯后否，前否后肯He has to leave now, doesnt he?He hasnt been there, has he?句子含有no, never, hardly, few, nothing, nobody, seldom等否定詞，后面用肯定You have nothing to tell me, do you?She has few money with her, does she?當(dāng)前部分為祈使句，后面用will you;而當(dāng)前面是Lets開頭，后面用shall we。Open the door, will you?Lets have a rest, shall we?There be句型當(dāng)中，后面句子主語用thereThere is little in the glass, is there?主從復(fù)合句以主句為主；但當(dāng)主句是I /we think/believe/suppose時要以從句為主She thinks she can dance , doesnt she ?I think he is wrong this time , isnt he ?( ) 9.Have you ever seen the TV show Where Are We Going, DAD? _. I think its quite moving and funny.A. Yes, I have B. No, I havent C. Yes, he has D. No, she hasnt( ) 10. _ will the fog and haze (霧霾霧霾) last? Ive no idea. There is no sign of an end.A. How soonB. How far C. How longD. How often( ) 11. _ do you go to Weifang Theatre? Once a month. A. How soon B. How often C. How much D. How long( ) 12. _ are you going to the School Uniform Exhibition, Amy ? To learn about different styles of school uniform. A. What B. Where C. Why D. Which肯定句變肯定句變一般疑問一般疑問句口訣句口訣 have和和be提句首，其它助詞提句首，其它助詞Do開頭。開頭。 時間、人稱由時間、人稱由do變，動詞只把原形留。變，動詞只把原形留。 謂語助詞有幾個，第一助詞提句首。謂語助詞有幾個，第一助詞提句首?？键c(diǎn)四 祈使句 提出請求、建議或發(fā)出命令等。以動詞原形開頭（否定形式在前面加Dont），常在句首或句末加上please。如：Sit down, please.Dont talk in class. ( ) 13. Sorry Im late. _ tell me the bus broke down again!A. Never toB. NotC. Dont D. No( ) 14. Its late, Teresa. _ earlier next time and youll have enough time to have breakfast. OK, Muni Ill remember. A. Get up B. Getting up C. To get up D. Got up考點(diǎn)五 感嘆句 表示說話人驚奇、喜悅、贊美、厭惡或憤怒等情緒。類型解 析例 句以how引導(dǎo)How + 形容詞/副詞 +（主+謂）！How cold the day is ! How quickly he runs !以what引導(dǎo)What +形容詞+名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+（主+謂）！What beautiful flowers (they are)!What bad weather (it is )!What + a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+（主+謂）！What an interesting story (it is)!( ) 15. _ weather it is today! A. What hotB. How hot C. What a hotD. How a hot( ) 16. _ fantastic documentary it is! Do you mean the hot film “Diaoyu IslandThe Truth”? A. HowB. How aC. WhatD. What a( ) 17. _ honest man he is! A. What B. What an C. How D. How an ( ) 18. _ brave Zhang Hua is! Yes. He helped his neighbor, Mrs Sun out of the fire. A. What a B. How C. How a D. What考點(diǎn)六 并列句 包含兩個或兩個以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫并包含兩個或兩個以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫并列句，句與句之間通常用并列連詞列句，句與句之間通常用并列連詞and, or, but, so, yet, for或分號來連接，并列句在用法上互不或分號來連接，并列句在用法上互不依從，意義上卻有密切的關(guān)系。依從，意義上卻有密切的關(guān)系。1. 分句與分句之間的四種關(guān)系：分句與分句之間的四種關(guān)系：（1）聯(lián)合關(guān)系；如：）聯(lián)合關(guān)系；如：Im speaking and you are listening to me. （2）轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；如：）轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；如：I help him with his English every day, but he is still bad at it. （3）選擇關(guān)系；如：）選擇關(guān)系；如：Work harder, or you will fall behind others.（4）因果關(guān)系。如：）因果關(guān)系。如：He got up late this morning, so he was late for school.2. so +助動詞助動詞+主語和主語和 so + 主語主語 + 助動詞助動詞 so+助動詞助動詞+主語這個結(jié)構(gòu)主要用來說明前面主語這個結(jié)構(gòu)主要用來說明前面所說的情況也適用于后面的人或物，意為所說的情況也適用于后面的人或物，意為“也一樣也一樣”。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的助動詞可以是：。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的助動詞可以是：be動詞，動詞，情態(tài)動詞和助動詞。如：情態(tài)動詞和助動詞。如：He can speak English, so can I. She is 14 years old, so am I. I study hard, so do they.其否定結(jié)構(gòu)為：其否定結(jié)構(gòu)為：neither/nor + 助動詞助動詞/be動詞動詞/情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 + 主語。主語。so+主語主語+助動詞這個結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于加強(qiáng)語氣，助動詞這個結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于加強(qiáng)語氣，意為意為“的確如此，確實如此的確如此，確實如此”，表示后者贊同，表示后者贊同前者的話或意見，只是進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)并重復(fù)前句前者的話或意見，只是進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)并重復(fù)前句所述內(nèi)容。前后句的主語指的是同一個人或物。所述內(nèi)容。前后句的主語指的是同一個人或物。如：如：He has done a good job. So he has.( ) 19.I have read the book Sense and Sensibility. _. A.So have I B. Neither have I C. So I have D. So has I( ) 20. Jack went to see the man who was in hospital yesterday. _. A. So did he B. So he did C. He did so D. Did so he( ) 21. Will you go to Peters party this Saturday evening? I havent decided yet. If you dont go, _.A.so will I B. neither do I C. neither will I D. neither I will( ) 22. Im not going swimming this afternoon. _. I have to help my mother do some cleaning. A. So am I.B. So I am. C. Neither am I. D. Neither I am.考點(diǎn)七 賓語從句 賓語從句屬于名詞性從句，在句子中起名詞作用，相當(dāng)于一個名詞詞組，在全句中充當(dāng)主語的賓語。要注意賓語從句的三要素，即：連接詞、從句的時態(tài)和從句的語序。項 別解 析例 句連接詞原句是陳述句that （可以省略）Lily says(that) the man in black is our new teacher.原句是一般疑問句if /whetherDo you know if he was born in China ?原句是特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞The teachers asks where he lives .從句的語序陳述句語序即：連接詞+主語+謂語+其它Nobody knows . Will it rain tomorrow?Nobody knows if it will rain tomorrow .項別項別解解 析析例例 句句從句從句的時的時態(tài)態(tài)主句為主句為一般現(xiàn)一般現(xiàn)在時在時從句任意時態(tài)從句任意時態(tài)We all want to know if she will come to help us .主句為主句為一般過一般過去時去時從句一般過去時從句一般過去時I didnt know when he would come back the next day.從句過去進(jìn)行時從句過去進(jìn)行時Can you tell us what you were doing yesterday morning?從句過去將來時從句過去將來時I asked the teacher where the meeting would have.從句過去完成時從句過去完成時She said she had missed the school bus.注意注意的問的問題題1.從句如果表示客觀真理、從句如果表示客觀真理、客觀事實時，不管什么時客觀事實時，不管什么時候都用一般現(xiàn)在時。候都用一般現(xiàn)在時。The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. 2.賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。如果主句謂語動詞是如果主句謂語動詞是think,believe,suppose等等,而從句的意思是否定的而從句的意思是否定的,這時主句的謂語動詞用否這時主句的謂語動詞用否定式定式,從句用肯定式。從句用肯定式。1. I dont think you are right. 我認(rèn)為你不對。我認(rèn)為你不對。2. I dont believe she can finish the work, can she ? 我認(rèn)為她不能完成工作，能嗎我認(rèn)為她不能完成工作，能嗎 ？( ) 23.Can you tell me _? Yes, its on Xinhua Street. A. how can I get to the bookstore B. where the bookstore is C. where is the bookstore D. what is the bookstore( ) 24. We have no idea _. Its heard that he is Mr. Greens son.A. where he comes from B. if does he live hereC. who he is D. who is he( ) 25. Dad, can you tell me _ to the amusement park? The day after tomorrow. A. when we are going B. when we went C. when are we going D. when did we go( ) 26. The teacher asked the students_. A. why the earth went around the sunB. why does the earth go around the sunC. why the earth goes around the sun 賓賓語從語從句用句用法口法口訣訣 賓語從句須注意，幾點(diǎn)事項應(yīng)牢記。一是關(guān)鍵引導(dǎo)賓語從句須注意，幾點(diǎn)事項應(yīng)牢記。一是關(guān)鍵引導(dǎo)詞，不同句子詞相異。詞，不同句子詞相異。 陳述句子用陳述句子用that；一般疑問是否（；一般疑問是否（if，whether）替；）替； 特殊問句更好辦，引導(dǎo)還用疑問詞。特殊問句更好辦，引導(dǎo)還用疑問詞。 二是時態(tài)常變化，主句不同從句異。主句若為現(xiàn)二是時態(tài)常變化，主句不同從句異。主句若為現(xiàn)在時，從句時態(tài)應(yīng)看意。在時，從句時態(tài)應(yīng)看意。 主句若為過去時，從句時態(tài)向前移。三是語序要主句若為過去時，從句時態(tài)向前移。三是語序要記清，從句永保陳述序。記清，從句永保陳述序。考點(diǎn)八 定語從句 在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。如： 1. I like music that I can dance to. (music 是先行詞，that是關(guān)系代詞) 2. He is the man who I met yesterday. ( man是先行詞，who是關(guān)系代詞) 定語從句所修飾的詞 叫先行詞。 定語從句放在先行詞后面。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that, which, who, which, whose和關(guān)系副詞where ,when, why, 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞是引導(dǎo)詞，在定語從句中有三個作用：1. 連接主從句；2. 指代先行詞；3. 在從句中充當(dāng)某一成分。用法見下表：關(guān)系詞用 法例 句that既可以指人，又可以指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時可以省略Rosa likes music that is quiet and gentle.I like music that I can sing along with.which指物，在從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時可省略The building which stands near the road is our school .Music is the subject which he teaches us.who指人，常在從句中作主語The girl who works in the office is his sister.whom也指人，在從句中作賓語，常省略The girl whom you met here is my daughter.whose通常既指人也指物，在從句中通常作定語The watch whose strap is broken is Toms.when指時間，在從句中通常作時間狀語I will never forget the days when I worked in the school.where指地點(diǎn)，在從句中通常作地點(diǎn)狀語That is the house where he used to live. 注意：下列情況下關(guān)系代詞只用that1. 當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything等時。 I have said all that I want to say.2. 當(dāng)先行詞被最高級、序數(shù)詞以及the very, the only修飾時。如： This is the first play that I have seen since I came here. This is the very book that I want to buy.3. 當(dāng)先行詞被all, little, much, some, any, no, every等詞修飾時。如：There is little work that you can do. 4. 先行詞既包括人，也包括物。如：They always like to talk about the man and the things that they see on the road.5. 當(dāng)主句是以which 或who 開頭的特殊疑問句時。 如：Who is the man that opened up the lab.( ) 27. Where is the School English Speech Contest going to be held tonight? Im not sure. Is it in the hall _ can hold 300 people?A. where B. what C. that D. when( ) 28. Have you seen the documentary named A Bite of China舌尖上的中國舌尖上的中國? Yeah! Its the most funny one _ I have ever seen. A. thatB. whatC. which D. where( ) 29. After Mandela was free (自由的自由的) in 1990, he chose to shake hands with the people _ wanted to kill him. A. whoseB. whichC. / D. who( ) 30. I will never forget the day_ we spent in the old town with small houses. A. who B. whom C. that D. what考點(diǎn)九 狀語從句 狀語從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞等。狀語從句可以表示時間、條件、原因、地點(diǎn)、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式、比較等意義。各類狀語從句連接詞（短語）一覽表：時間狀語從句when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before條件狀語從句if, unless原因狀語從句as, because, since地點(diǎn)狀語從句where目的狀語從句so that, in order that結(jié)果狀語從句so that, sothat, suchthat讓步狀語從句though, although, even if, however方式狀語從句as 比較狀語從句than, (not)asas( ) 31.Henry, please call us as soon as you_ Hawaii. OK. Ill do that, Mom.A. arrive inB. are arriving inC. will arrive at D.arrive at( ) 32. Amy was reading a book _ I came in. A. when B. while C. because D. though1. 時間狀語從句時間狀語從句I was doing my homework when my mother came back. = While I was doing my homework , my mother came back.2. 條件狀語從句 You will fall behind your classmates unless you work harder. =You will fall behind your classmates if you dont work harder. 注意：在時間狀語從句（since除外）和條件狀語從句中，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，即：主將從現(xiàn)( ) 33. I want to know if Maria _ us in the fashion show tonight. I believe if she _ her homework, she will join us. A. joins; finishes B. will join; finishes C. joins; will finish D. will join; will join( ) 34. _ you read it, you cant imagine how moving the story is. A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. If3. 原因狀語從句Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather. 由于我們住在海邊，能享受到好的天氣。( ) 35. Tony never spends money in buying books_ he doesnt like reading. A. but B. because C. though D. until( ) 36. _ there are too many people here, _ we have to find another house. A. Because; so B. Though; but C. Since; / D. /; if 4. 地點(diǎn)狀語從句Put it where we can all see it. 把它放在我們都能看到的位置。5. 目的狀語從句Finish this so that you can start another. 把這個做完，你可以開始另一個。( ) 37. Susan, what are the advantages of MP5 players? Mum, they are smaller and lighter _they can be carried very easily. A. unless B. if C. until D. so that6. 結(jié)果狀語從句He was so angry that he couldnt say a word. 他氣得說不出話了。注意兩種句式：so + 形/副 + that 如此以致于 such+(a / an) + 形 + 名 + that 如此以致于Tom is so clever that he learns Chinese well.=Tom is such a clever boy that he learns Chinese well.( ) 38. He dressed _ quickly_ he put his shoes on the wrong feet. A. so; as B. such; that C. so; that D. such a；that( ) 39. She was _ we all like her.A. such a good singer B. such a good singer that C. a very good singer that D. so good singer that7. 讓步狀語從句Though he is in poor health, he works hard. 雖然他身體不好，但是他工作很努力。注意：though / although與but不能同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子里。( ) 40. How do you like the concert given by F. I. R.? Exciting, _ one piece of the music wasnt played quite well. A. though B. because C. so D. and8. 方式狀語從句Students do as the teachers say.學(xué)生們按照老師說的去做。( ) 41. Tom laughed _ the others did, _ he didnt understand the story.A. like; though B. as; though C. like; because D. as; as9. 比較狀語從句The work isnt as easy as I thought. 這項工作比我想象得難。 句子種類在聽力、單項選擇、完形填空、閱讀理解、短文填空以及書面表達(dá)中都有很多考查。掌握句子種類及其結(jié)構(gòu)是學(xué)好英語的關(guān)鍵。所以要從下角度來備考：1. 要熟記各種句子類型的結(jié)構(gòu)，學(xué)會分析并加以靈活運(yùn)用；2. 賓語從句要注意連接詞、時態(tài)和語序三要素；3. 定語從句只考查關(guān)系代詞的用法，要注意關(guān)系代詞不僅僅起連接詞的作用，而且還在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，要能分清關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞?；?dāng)然還有只用that的特殊情況。4. 狀語從句要能分清主從句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，靈活使用連接詞及主從句時態(tài)的一致。